A Clinico-Pharmacological Aspect of Kwatha Kalpana in ENT Disorders

Ayurveda is split into many branches. The branch which deal with the drug and use within the style of medicine for the treatment of diseases is thought as Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics). Bhaishajya Kalpana endorses the five fundamental dosage form, namely Swaras (juice), Kalka (paste), Kwatha (decoction), Hima (cold infusion), Phant (hot infusion). This is often the real source of success for physicians. Among them, Kwatha Kalpana (decoction types of medicine) is that the most vital and widely used dosage form in Ayurvedic pharmaceutic. Shalakyatantra (treatment of disorder above clavicle) is one in all Ashtanga Ayurveda (eight clinical branches of Ayurveda), coping with the study of diseases occurring above the Jatru (part of body above the clavicle), which has Shiras (head), Karna (ear), Nasa (nose), Netra (eyes) and Mukha (mouth) and their management. Shalakyatantra is primarily concerned with preserving and restoring the health of the Indriyas (senses). In modern science ear, nose and throat are studied collectively within the specialized field called otolaryngology or upper tract diseases which is colloquially referred to as ENT. The monotonous mechanical life style, faulty food habits, restless schedule, stress, overpopulation, overcrowding of vehicle leading to the sound and air pollution, junk food habits is causing hazardous effects of receptor. Ayurvedic system of drug enunciates more of preventive measures which are lacking in contemporary science. Identifying the Nidana (etiology) and avoiding it forms the key role in preventing most of the ENT disorders. Hence, it’s is highly essential to spot and treat the common ENT disorder seen in clinical practice with Ayurvedic measures specially Kwath Kalpana. In present article a clinic-pharmacological aspect of the Kwath Kaplana is discussed with reference to ENT diseases.

Babchi (Psoralea corylifolia): From a Variety of Traditional Medicinal Application to its Novel Roles in Various Diseases: A Review

Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae) commonly known as babchi or babachi has been used in different traditional system of various aliments since, ancient time. Psoralea corylifolia grow throughout Asia and India or many other countries. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspect of Psoralea corylifolia. In traditional medicine, it has been used in treatment of various diseases such as leucoderma skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, nephritis, osteoporosis, and cancer vitiligo, poisoning, for conception, caries, deafness, filarial. The stem, seeds, leaves, of this plant containe a variety of biologically active compound such as flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, benzofurans, benzopyrans, quinines, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and some other components. Those have varuous medicinal properties. The different part of the plant showed the antimicrobial, antipregnancy, estrogenic, antitumor, antioxidant, and many other pharmacological activities. The article focus on traditional as well as modern use and various activities of the plant.

USE OF COLCHICINE TO COUNTERACT THE STRONG HYPERINFLAMMATORY STATE INDUCED BY SARS-COV-2

Research in present time has been focusing on finding a specific SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or antiviral, which will probably be the therapeutic goal in the fight against the virus. In the meantime, scientific evidence shows that it is possible to have effective clinical improvements of infected patients in reducing the strong hyperinflammatory state. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is divided into three stages. The most serious phase is the third one where the immune system overdrives and launches an intense attack against itself. This is called "cytokine storm" and leads to tissue damage and often to death. Stopping the cytokine storm early is definitely an effective move; since March several studies have been evaluating how this can be an important pharmacological aspect. Blocking IL-6 or IL-1 inhibitors, for example, is already known to have wide efficacy, but they are not alone in being able to block the cascade of cytokines. This is a clinical pharmacology article and demonstrates how the use of colchicine, monotherapy or in combination in all three phases of SARS-CoV-2, controls inflammation and prevents patient death. Colchicine is safe and effective for treating SARS-CoV-2 patients in preventing inflammation and lung collapse and is certainly useful as an added remedy for other drugs. The advantage is certainly its safety profile much higher than that provided by other drugs, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Note is the story of hydroxychloroquine: use has been banned due to its high toxicity. Peer Review History: Received 25 May 2020; Revised 10 June; Accepted 6 July, Available online 15 July 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter Affiliation: University of Jos, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Name: Robert Tungadi Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s):

How to Improve Quality of Life of Adolescents with Menstrual Problems?

Background: Menstruation is the normal cycle experienced by all women’s body goes through ech month, however it’s causes unstable emotions, irritable, crying, aggressive, provoking, pain, bleeding a lot of bleeding in a long duration. These disorders are often referred to as Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) or Prementruation Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). These menstrual disorders can cause a decrease in the quality of life among teenage.Objective: This systematic review aimed to describe the findings from studies about the interventions to enhance quality of life of adolescents with menstrual problems. Method: The review process was conducted using electronic databases: PubMed, Proquest, Google scholar and EBSCO. The keywords used were Quality of life, Menstruation problems, Menstruation periods, Teenage, and Urban. The inclusion criteria of articles were taken from 2015 to 2018 while the exclusion criteria were articles that were non-English. The review identified a total of 12 articles. However, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were obtained. The method used was experimental and cross sectional study. In addition, the analysis was used content analysis process. Result: Menstrual problems can be minimized by doing various physical exercises continuously and intensively, the factors of age and counseling from the closest person greatly determines the quality of life in adolescents with menstrual problems. In addition, providing TENS therapy and drug therapy among adolescent can help to improve the quality of life in adolescents with menstrual problems. Conclusions and Recommendations: Menstrual problems can be reduced in various ways, include physical, pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspect so that the quality of life of adolescents can be maintained and can even be improved. The further research is needed to determine the prevalence of risk factors and techniques to overcome menstrual problems so it will improve the quality of life.

Metabolit sekunder dari Muntingia calabura dan bioaktivitasnya

<p class="Katakunci"><em>Muntingia calabura</em> (<em>Muntingiaceae</em>) merupakan <em>Jamaican cherry</em> yang dikenal di Indonesia sebagai Kersen atau Talok. Metabolit sekunder sebagai konstituen kimia telah diisolasi dari daun, batang dan akar <em>M. calabura</em>. Flavonoid merupakan konstituen utama penyusun metabolit sekunder dari tanaman ini. Kelompok flavonoid telah dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi yang baik. Beberapa literatur melaporkan bioaktivitas <em>M. calabura</em> sebagai antioksidan, antidiabetes, antimikroba, antikanker, anti-inflamasi dan lain-lain. Review ini bertujuan memberikan fakta ilmiah terkait sinergitas metabolit sekunder dan bioaktivitas <em>M. calabura</em> yang diperlukan untuk penelitian kimia bahan alam lebih lanjut.</p><p><strong>The<em> </em></strong><strong>secondary metabolites </strong><strong>of</strong><strong> <em>Muntingia </em></strong><strong><em>c</em></strong><strong><em>alabura</em></strong><strong> and </strong><strong>its </strong><strong>bioactivity</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><em>Muntingia calabura</em> (<em>Mutingiaceae</em>) was recognized as <em>Jamaican</em> cherry called as <em>K</em><em>ersen</em> or <em>T</em><em>alok</em> in Indonesia. The chemical constituents have been isolated from leave, stem and root of <em>M. calabura</em>. The main chemical constituent of the secondary metabolite is flavonoid. The flavonoid group has been reported as a good source in pharmacological aspect. Most of literatures reported that <em>M. calabura</em> has a good bioactivity as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and others. This review aims to provide the scientific evidences related to the synergism of secondary metabolites and the bioactivities of <em>M. calabura </em>for further research on natural products.</p>

Tuberculosis Management in Renal Transplant Recipient

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and South-East Asia was the leading contributor of TB cases globally. Treatment regimen of TB for an individual patient depends on multiple factors, and one of them was patient’s comorbidities. Comorbidities such as renal failure or concurrent use of immunosuppressant drugs post renal transplantation will influence pharmacological aspect of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Case: A 38-year-old male with a history of chronic renal failure who had undergone routine hemodialysis was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was scheduled for a renal transplantation procedure. During the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs in this patient, the physician mustconsider the kidney function, and possible drug interactions between anti-tuberculosis drugs especially rifampicin with immunosuppressant drugs used after renal transplantation. The initialregimen used in this patient was RHE which was followed by RH, but after using immunosuppressant drugs, rifampicin was replaced with moxifloxacin to avoid suboptimal effect of immunosuppressant drugs to prevent donor rejection, which is the biggest contributor ofmortality in transplant recipients in the first year post-transplantation.