The Spammer Detection and Fake User Identification on Social Networks

The Twitter has fleetly come an online source for acquiring real- time his/ her information about druggies. Twitter is an Online Social Network (OSN) where druggies can partake anything and everything, similar as news, opinions, and indeed their moods. Several arguments can be held over different motifs, similar as politics, Perticular affairs, and important events. When a stoner tweets commodity, it's incontinently conveyed to her followers, allowing them to unfold the entered information at a much broader position. With the elaboration of OSNs, the need to study and dissect druggies' actions in online social platforms has intensity Spammers can be linked grounded on (i) fake content, (ii) URL grounded spam discovery, (iii) spam in trending motifs, and (iv) fake stoner identification. And with the help of machine literacy algorithms we're going to identify the fake stoner and spammer in twitter. Keywords: Online Social Network, Spammers Identification, Fake User Identification.

New Lexical and Phraseological Faunal Units in the Language Observatory of the University of Warsaw from a Cross-Linguistic Polish-English Perspective

The aim of the present paper is to discuss the new Polish faunal lexical and phraseological units from a cross-linguistic perspective. The research corpus is compiled on the basis of Obserwatorium Językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (the Language Observatory of the University of Warsaw) – an online source containing the items which are in use and which have not been included in dictionaries so far. The English equivalents allocated for these units are analysed and divided into four groups: quasi-absolute, partial, parallel and zero counterparts.

Ketergantungan Transfer Senjata: Studi Kasus Pembelian F-35 oleh Italia

Tulisan ini akan mencoba menjelaskan mengapa Italia sebagai negara yang bisa membuat pesawat tempur secara domestik tetap melakukan pembelian F-35 dari Amerika Serikat. Padahal menurut infromasi yang beredar F-35 memiliki beberapa kelemahan fatal yang tentunnya bisa melemahkan kemampuan militer Italia dan mendapat pertentangan di dalam negeri mereka sendiri. Selain pembelian ini dipertanyakan sebab Italia adalah salah satu negara yang bisa membuat pesawat tempur mereka sendiri yaitu Eurofighter Typhoon yang cukup canggih. Dalam menjelaskan kasus ini penulis akan menggunakan konsep ketergantungan transfer senjata oleh David Kinsella. Menurut Kinsella ketika sebuah negara sudah mengalami ketergantungan transfer senjata, maka negara tersebut akan selalu bergantung kepada negara yang menyuplai senjata untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keamanannya. Ada dua indikator utama untuk menilai apakah negara sudah mengalami ketergantungan transfer senjata pertama adalah rendahnya kapasitas dan produksi senjata dalam negeri dan terfokusnya supplier senjata suatu negara dengan satu atau beberapa negara lain saja. Data yang akan digunakan unutk menganalisis kasus ini adalah data yang berasal dari sumber daring seperti jurnal akademik, buku, dokumen resmi dan portal berita yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya. Hasil tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa Italia masih memiliki ketergantungan transfer senjata dengan Amerika Serikat sebab kemampuan industri pertahanan dalam negeri mereka yang belum memadai dan masih terfokusnya pembelian senjata mereka dengan Amerika Serikat. Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, F-35, Italia, ketergantungan transfer senjata This paper will try to explain why Italy, as a country that can make fighter aircraft domestically, continues to purchase F-35s from the United States.Because based on the information that is availvable, F-35 is having some critical flaws that can compromissed Italian defense, Italian decision to buy F-35 also creating domestic opposition regarding that act. This decision also raised some question because Italian is one of the countries that can domestically produce a rather sophisticated jet fighter, the Eurofighter Typhoon. In explaining this case the author will use the concept of arms transfer dependency by David Kinsella. According to Kinsella, when a country has experienced a dependency on arms transfers, that country will always depend on the country that supplies weapons to meet its security needs. There are two main indicators to assess whether a country has experienced a dependency on arms transfers. The first is the low capacity and production of domestic weapons and the focus on arms suppliers dari one country to one or several other countries. The data that is used in this paper will be based on online source such as academic journal, books, official documents and trusted news website. The results of this paper show that Italy still has a dependency on arms transfers with the United States because of the inadequate capability of their domestic defense industry and their weapons that is still based on United States import. Keywords: arms transfer dependence, F-35, Italy, United States

READING ONLINE: EVALUATION OF ONLINE SOURCES CREDIBILITY

The vast amount of online information demands readers to check its credibility since fabricated information has widely been misused and also supported by a lack of filters in web-based sources in ensuring its quality. In practice, checking the credibility of an online source is not an easy task to do as searchers need to consider several aspects in its application. This happens due to some factors, such as language and searchers’ willingness in identifying the quality of online information. This paper focuses on the evaluation of online sources' credibility covering scholars’ definitions of online sources credibility, English-native and foreign searchers’ perspective in judging online sources, and varied criteria applied in online sources credibility in which give insight for readers about this issue and provide references for further study.

The most recommended neuroanatomy resources for neurosurgeons: an international survery

Background: Neuroanatomy is the core basis for neurosurgical excellence. The quantity of accessible neuroanatomy resources has witnessed exponential growth in recent years. Accumulating a list of popular sources and getting them ranked by neurosurgeons was the motivation behind this investigation. Methods: A list of neuroanatomy resources was compiled using Google search wherein multiple sets of variable combinations of keywords were used. A three-section, eleven-item questionnaire was designed by two neurosurgeons and revised by a third independent reviewer. Neurosurgeons from different parts of the world were invited to participate. The participants were asked to rank the neuroanatomy textbook and non-book online source that they would recommend to neurosurgeons and the features that make a textbook appealing to them. Results: A total of 250 neurosurgeons at different levels of training responded to our questionnaire. Overall, “Rhoton’s Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approach: Albert L. Rhoton Jr., Doctor of Medicine” was the most commonly chosen textbook that the neurosurgeons would use to revise neuroanatomy (86.0%; n = 215), recommend for residents (80.8%; n = 202) and recommend for certified surgeons (Continuing Medical Education (59.8%; n = 150), where applicable. “Illustrations” was rated as the most important neuroanatomy textbook quality by 53% (n = 134). “Rhoton collection” was the most popular online source (65.7%; n = 164.25). Chi-square tests showed no association between years of experience and the textbooks neurosurgeons recommended. Conclusion: Based on our study Rhoton’s book and his online collection are the leading neuroanatomy resources, recommended by neurosurgeons for neurosurgeons worldwide. The other selected resources can be implemented as a complementary part of a comprehensive neuroanatomy teaching curriculum. Knowing the relevance of these assets from a neurosurgeon’s perspective is valuable in directing future educational plan updates and recommendations.

Using Wikipedia for project-based learning in information literacy instruction

Wikipedia holds an ambiguous position in information literacy instruction. Long the go-to example of an untrustworthy online source to avoid, librarians are increasingly using it to illustrate the application of a variety of information literacy concepts. Beginning in Fall 2017, students enrolled in a credit-bearing information literacy course at Cal Poly Pomona were given as a final project, a Wikipedia stub (a basic, incomplete article) and assigned to apply the concepts they had been taught throughout the semester to add information, sources and images, in order to “improve” it. This paper discusses the incorporation of Wikipedia into a credit-bearing course as a form of project-based learning, the development of the course final over several quarters/semesters of class, the benefits and drawbacks of the use of online tutorials and observation of the results of student engagement with the assignment.

Democracy in context: using a distributional semantic model to study differences in the usage of democracy across languages and countries

Cross-cultural survey research rests upon the assumption that if survey features are kept constant, data will remain comparable across languages, cultures and countries. Yet translating concepts across languages, cultures and political contexts is complicated by linguistic, cultural, normative or institutional discrepancies. Such discrepancies are particularly relevant for complex political concepts such as democracy, where the literature on political support has revealed significant cross-cultural differences in people’s attitudes toward democracy. Recognizing that language, culture and other socio-political variables affect survey results has often been equated with giving up on comparative research and many survey researchers have consequently chosen to simply ignore the issue of comparability and measurement equivalence across languages, cultures and countries. This paper contributes to the debate, using a distributional semantic lexicon, which is a statistical model measuring co-occurrence statistics in large text data. The method is motivated by structuralist meaning theory, stating that words with similar meanings tend to occur in similar contexts, and that contexts shape and define the meanings of words. Compared to other methodological approaches aimed at identifying and measuring cross-cultural discrepancies, this approach enables us to systematically analyze how the concept of democracy is used in its natural habitat. Collecting geo-tagged language data from news and social online source documents this paper descriptively explores varieties in meanings of democracy across a substantial number of languages and countries, and maps ways in which democracy is used among online populations and regions worldwide.

Testing Children and Adolescents’ Ability to Identify Fake News: A Combined Design of Quasi-Experiment and Group Discussions

Nowadays, people increasingly choose to turn to the Internet and especially to social media for news and other types of content, while often not questioning the trustworthiness of the information. An acute form of this problem is that children and adolescents tend to include the use of new technologies in all the aspects of their daily life, yet most of them are unable to distinguish between fake news and trustful information in an online environment. This study is based on a Dutch empirical study and was conducted in Romania to examine whether schoolchildren and adolescents were able to identify a hoax website as fake, using a self-administrative questionnaire and open group discussions about the given online source. Similar to other studies based on the same research design, this research aims to explore the vulnerability of students to fake news and the way they experience an experimental situation in which they are exposed to online fake information. This exploratory study revealed that both children and adolescents are not preoccupied with the trustworthiness of the information they are exposed to in social media. While only 4 of the 54 students stated that they would not choose to save a fake animal (from a hoax website), all four of them had reasons that proved that they did not perceive the information as being a hoax. Thus, participants proved that they would act upon being exposed to fake information even when they do not trust the source.