scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF OBSOLETE SLUDGE, PEAT, BUCKWHEAT HUSKS AND COMPOSITIONS FROM THEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Petrova ◽  
K.M. Samoilenko ◽  
Yu.P. Novikova ◽  
T.A. Vyshnievska
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Oxides ◽  
Porous Bodies ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Buckwheat Husk ◽  
Composite Granules ◽  
First Time

The problem of accumulation of obsolete silt deposits at aeration stations is relevant for the whole territory of Ukraine. This can lead to environmental hazards. Therefore, the task of processing silt deposits with the creation of granules based on them with the addition of peat and buckwheat husks. Van Bamelen's tensometric (static) method was used to determine the equilibrium humidity of the experimental samples depending on the relative humidity . As a result of researches kinetic curves of adsorption over obsolete silt deposits, peat, buckwheat husk and the three-component composition created on their basis are received. Kinetic adsorption curves indicate a slow process. The adsorption curves of the three-component composition have the character of curves of obsolete sludge, which have a non-uniform character. The obtained equilibrium humidity does not exceed the standard humidity for fuel pellets. The adsorption isotrams of the three-component composition and its components are determined, from which the equations of experimental and linearized isotrams are obtained. The analysis of experimental isotherms allows to relate them relatively to the isotherms of adsorption IV, which are observed in inorganic oxides and in other porous bodies. For the first time, the adsorption properties of three-component compositions based on peat, sludge and buckwheat husk were studied. The obtained equilibrium humidity of the compositions does not exceed the standard humidity for fuel pellets (is 20%) and is 6 - 7%. Therefore, they can be used for combustion in biomass boilers. The resulting ash can be used for the production of bricks, cement and other building materials. During storage of composite granules in order to prevent loss of their technological properties, it is recommended to maintain humidity at the level of 60 - 70%.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

A Thirteenth-Century Ismā ‘īlī Ḥammām at Qal‘at al-Kahf

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Public Bath ◽  
First Time

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to record for the first time the architectural remains of a thirteenth-century public bath (ḥammām) located at the Assassin castle of al-Kahf in the Syrian Jabal Anṣariya. After describing the site, the paper examines the design and layout of the ḥammām and attempts to reconstruct those parts of it which have disappeared either because of structural decay or because of subsequent modifications to the plan. Building materials and decorative techniques are among the topics discussed, and there is an account of the ḥammām's heating apparatus and of the arrangements made to store and articulate its water supply. Two phases of construction are identified in the ḥammām, the second being necessitated, apparently, by a need to restore the building after it had fallen into disrepair at some later stage in its history. Finally, the ḥammām is compared and contrasted with a number of other Islamic public baths in order to establish the extent to which it followed earlier traditions of planning and design.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF ALCOHOL EXTRACTS ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM L., ARTEMI-SIA ARMENIACA LAM. AND ARTEMISIA LATIFOLIA LEDEB.

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Станислав (Stanislav) Геннадьевич (Gennal'evich) Ржевский (Rzhevsky) ◽  
Михаил (Mikhail) Андреевич (Andreevich) Потапов (Potapov) ◽  
Хидмет (Hidmet) Сафарович (Safarovich) Шихалиев (Shikhaliyev)
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Phenolic Derivatives ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the component composition of alcohol extracts Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia armeniaca, and Artemisia latifolia, performed by chromatographic mass spectrometry. The components relating to different classes of compounds (including alcohols, esters, phenolic derivatives) have been identified, their relative quantitative content has been established. In the extract of A. absinthium, 14 compounds were identified, in the extract of A. armeniaca – 16 components, in A. latifolia – 11 different compounds The data obtained for the first time on the analysis of the extract of systematically related species of wormwood, Artemisia armeniaca and Artemisia latifolia, indicate that their composition differs significantly, with coincidences only for some components: phytol and hydroquinone are present in all three species studied, while the 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, ortho-dihydroxybenzene and linoleic acid ethyl ester are characteristic only of Artemisia armeniaca and Artemisia latifolia. Among the present compounds identified components having biological activity, including α-d-metilmannofuranozid, exerting an antibacterial effect and biphenyl, thujone, phytol, hydroquinone and some other substances, which is of interest for further pharmacological studies of these species.

scholarly journals Методы определения характеристик звукопоглощения строительных материалов и звукоизоляции конструкций (обзор)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Reverberation Chamber ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
First Time

Исследование акустических характеристик строительных материалов и конструкций необходимо для комфортной жизни людей в городских условиях. Несмотря на то что в нормативных документах развитых государств есть ряд методов их определения, единого понимания самих характеристик и путей их адекватного определения до сих пор нет. В настоящей работе мы попытались систематизировать и дать критический обзор нормативных документов, содержащих методы определения звукопоглощающих свойств материалов и звукоизоляционных характеристик конструкций. Впервые выявлены присущие разным методам закономерности определения характеристик звукопоглощения и звукоизоляции. Определены наиболее характерные показатели звукопоглощения. Произведено ранжирование по коэффициенту уменьшения шума NRC наиболее часто применяемых строительных материалов. Названы области применения рассматриваемых методик, проанализированы их преимущества и ограничения. Ключевые слова: коэффициент уменьшения шума, звукопоглотитель, импедансная труба, реверберационная камера The study of the acoustic characteristics of building materials and structures is necessary for provision of comfortable life of people in urban conditions. Despite the fact that in the normative documents of developed countries there are a number of methods for their determination, there is still no common understanding of the characteristics themselves and the ways of their adequate determination. In this work we tried to systematize and give a critical review of regulatory documents containing the methods for determining the sound-absorbing properties of materials and the sound-insulating characteristics of structures. For the first time the regularities in determination the characteristics of sound absorption and sound insulation inherent in different methods have been revealed. The most characteristic indicators of sound absorption have been determined. The ranking of the most commonly used building materials was made according to the noise reduction factor (NRC). The areas of application of the considered methods are presented, their advantages and limitations are analyzed. Keywords: noise reduction factor, sound absorber, impedance tube, reverberation chamber

scholarly journals Effect of Granite Residue Incorporation on the Behavior of Mortars

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Markssuel Teixeira Marvila ◽  
Laimara da Silva Barroso ◽  
Euzébio Bernabé Zanelato ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Squeeze Flow ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
The World ◽  
Residue Incorporation

Civil construction is one of the most resource-consuming sectors in the world. For this reason, the last years have witnessed the study of reusing industrial residues in building materials. The ornamental stone processing industry has a considerable environmental liability related to residue generation during the cutting stages of granite blocks. The objective of this work is to analyze the viability of incorporating granite residues, up to 100%, to substitute sand in coating mortars for building construction. Mortars without residue, as control, and incorporated with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of granite residue were subjected to consistency tests, incorporated air and water retention together with the rheological characterization using the squeeze-flow and the dropping-ball methods. The results show that mortars with 40% granite residues presented greater plastic deformation, helping their applicability by also presenting improved technological properties in the fresh state.

Dry Mixes for Self-Leveling Floors Based on Composite Binder

2019 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Ruslan Aharonovich Abramov ◽  
Maksim Sergeevich Sokolov ◽  
Meir Nisonovich Surilov ◽  
Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Derevianko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Composite Binder ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, dry mixes (CDM) play an important role in the development of the world market of building materials. The industry of construction and finishing materials in Russia is quite young: the first time the dry building mixes appeared on the Russian market in the late 1980s, the consumption structure of CDM in the domestic market the main share (70%) are in the adhesive and plasters. The use of other compositions, in particular mixtures for self – leveling floors, does not have significant volumes and often the reason for this is the lack of design solutions and the low level of qualification of specialists at different levels from workers to designers who do not own CDM technologies.

Development of a Method in Evaluation and Adjustment for Consistency of Group Decision-Making Based on Grey Relational Analysis and its Application in Evaluation of New Rural Economic Building Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1163-1168
Author(s):  
Li Jiu Wang ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Evaluation Indicator ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Group Judgment ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hierarchy Process

In this paper, grey relational analysis (GRA) was used in consistency test of group judgment matrixes. The evaluation indicator weight was obtained through the judgment matrix calculated with expert evaluating method in analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The judgment method and the adjustment process for consistency of group judgment matrixes were studied. First, the consistency indicators were put forward, and then the definitions and the theorems of consistency indicators in the judgment method were defined based on GRA. Then the theorems were given proof. A method using GRA to judge the consistency of group judgment matrixes was proposed for the first time. Second, adjustment modeling was developed to solve the consistency of group judgment matrixes. Finally, the applications of the judgment method and the adjustment process have been illustrated by given example. It is believed that the proposed methods are applicable to test consistency of evaluation indicators of new rural economic building materials.

scholarly journals Development of alkaline concrete on the basis of active aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(62)) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kovalchuk ◽  
Viktoriia Zozulynets
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Alkaline Component ◽  
Alkaline Corrosion

The object of the research is the process of directed structure formation in the body of alkaline concrete, made using a reactive aggregate, in this case, basalt, and the process of deformation development in such concrete. The problem with using reactive aggregates is that they cause alkaline corrosion. It manifests itself in the form of cracks and layers of gel-like substances that form at the point of contact of the aggregate with the cement stone. During the research, methods of physical and chemical analysis were used (X-ray phase, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyzes, electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, microprobe analysis). And also methods of mathematical planning of experiments have been used for the dependence of the physical and technical properties of cements and the directions of their structure formation. Also, the research has been carried out based on the analysis of world achievements in solving the problem of alkaline corrosion of concrete. The possibility of joint operation of the matrix of alkaline cements and active aggregates, represented by basalt, has been determined. The component composition of alkaline cement has been optimized and the need to increase the amount of the alkaline component in the system for the normal course of structure formation processes has been proved. The study of the influence of technical factors and conditions of hardening on the development of processes of structure formation of the investigated compositions has been carried out. The deformation properties of fine-grained concrete based on slag-alkaline cement and basalt aggregate have been investigated. It is shown that the expansion deformations of the samples, which accompany the process of alkaline corrosion of the aggregate in concrete, are directly related to the component composition and hardening conditions of the material. The obtained research results confirm the possibility of using active aggregates for the manufacture of building materials, in particular, based on alkaline cements. But for the safe course of the processes of structure formation, the component composition of the system has to be adjusted by introducing an active mineral additive and an additional alkaline component. The use of hydrophobizing additives makes it possible to increase the strength of the material even when operating under normal heat and humidity conditions.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Psyllium mucilage: evaluation of functional and technological properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Gabriela Sena Souza ◽  
Rita de Cassia Bergamasco ◽  
Ana Paula Stafussa ◽  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time

 The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of psyllium mucilage and to evaluate its functional and technological properties, aiming for the first time the use in ice cream. A factorial design was carried out to test different extraction conditions. Were evaluated the water solubility (WS) and oil absorption capacity. Mucilage (gel and dried) was applied in ice cream, and submitted to overrun, melting, color and sensory analysis. Time and temperature were significant parameters, being the best conditions at 60ºC for 2 hours. Samples presented WS between 200 and 1400 g/kg, increasing proportionally to temperature. Ice cream with gel presented higher value and started the melting process faster than the mucilage one. There was a significant difference between samples in flavor, color and texture, and the purchase intention of most tasters indicated "maybe would buy", and both ice cream (with gel and with mucilage) presented hight acceptance index. Psyllium presented good technological properties, that are very desirable in food products. It was possible to find the best condition for psyllium mucilage extraction and an ice cream application obtaining a product with good acceptance (82%).

scholarly journals ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF SEPARATE FRACTIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ACORUS CALAMUS ROOTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Irina Dement'yevna Zykova ◽  
Aleksandr Alekseyevich Efremov ◽  
Liliya Viktorovna Naimushina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Antiradical Properties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time ◽  
Content Of Oxygen

Essential oil from the roots of calamus marsh (Acorus calamus L) was isolated by the method of exhaustive hydroparodistillation, growing on the Krasnoyarsk territory. Separate fractions of essential oil were obtained depending on the duration of isolation. The component composition of the essential oil, the main components of which are acorenone, butyrate α-terpineol, germacrene B, camphor. The antiradical properties of the essential oil of A. сalamus roots growing in the Siberian region, as well as the antiradical properties of its individual fractions were studied for the first time in order to determine the most promising samples as sources of biologically active complexes. To determine the antiradical activity, the reaction of the essential oil components with a stable free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was used. The antiradical activity of all studied samples of essential oils was established. There was an increase in antiradical activity with a decrease in the content of monoterpenes in the composition of the essential oil. The lowest antiradical activity (17.5%) was shown by the fraction of essential oil with a high content of monoterpenes, the highest (~100%) – fractions with a high content of oxygen-containing compounds. It was revealed that the ability of components of individual fractions of A. сalamus essential oil to inhibit DPPH radicals is comparable with the antiradical activity of ascorbic acid solutions of equivalent concentration.

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