The instructional situations in which mathematics teachers provide substantive feedback

Feedback provided by mathematics teachers usually addresses procedural skills and, to a much lesser extent, other competencies such as conceptual understanding or engagement in mathematical practices. As most previous literature has studied feedback provided on homework or video prompts, how teachers provide such feedback in the classroom is poorly understood. Here, sixteen lessons taught by five teachers were purposefully sampled from a larger video study (172 lessons) as lessons with high-quality feedback according to a standardized observation instrument. The analysis focused on the instructional situations in which teachers provided feedback. When teachers provided procedural feedback, the situations were orderly and effective. Feedback on conceptual understanding and mathematical practices was provided in situations when students were especially challenged, and entailed a series of complex decisions, thereby placing demands on the teachers to manage both the students’ understanding and behavior. We argue that researchers should focus on how teachers and students negotiate the instructional situation to allow for feedback on conceptual understanding or mathematical practices.

hybrid Design based research for Agile Software development (hDAS) in ISD contexts: a discovery from studying how to design MUVEs for VET.

hDAS methodology in phases determines the tailored hDAS method. Enacting the hDAS method then leads to discoveries for and from method and methodology, which leads to further tailoring of the method. I posit, a class of ADDIE like ISD processes that intrinsically trend towards increasing complexity in their design, in order to meet newly formed theoretic perspectives. Using hDAS addresses an on-going increase in complexity of ISD, through a paradigmatic change, in which the outcome of the design is also the design process adapted to current theoretical understanding and discipline needs. The way forward, as formalised in hDAS, is tailoring of ISD through DBR and Agile software development. In this paper a context for hDAS is presented by reflection on hDAS in ISD that uses: ADDIE, Agile and explicitly tests educational theory. hDAS resolves gaps identified for each of these. By enacting hDAS a tailored ISD method is induced that meets the current theoretic and vocational understanding for the instructional situation

KOMPETENSI TUTOR KEAKSARAAN FUNGSIONAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN DI KECAMATAN WARA UTARA KOTA PALOPO PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

In nonformal education, tutors are to assist learners to learn as well as to motivate them. To make these tutors be able to improve their competencies, they should get appropriate/relevant trainings. This article reports a researchs on tutors competency in conducting instruction for functional literacy program in Wara Utara . Research findings show tutor are still lack of competencies in assisting and motivating learners in an instructional situation. It’s recommended that they should be trained on learning motivation.

Effecten Van Computerondersteund Proces-Gericht Schrijfonderwijs

In the period 1985-1990, software and written learning materials have been developed in the project Computer-assisted Writing Instruction, a research-and-development project of the University of Twente. The courseware was intended to serve as a prototype for writing instruction in which much attention is to be paid to text planning, before and during writing. In the experimental lessons students used a word processor and a planning support program as an aid for composing their texts. An educational innovation, such as the use of the computer as a tool or approaching writing instruction in a process-oriented way, displays its effects on all levels in the instructional situation. One intends to influence the writing achievements of students positively, but at the same time the daily routine in classes changes, both for teacher and for students. Various effects of the experimental materials and the lessons realized with it, were studied in nine third grade classes of MAVO and HAVO (lower and higher general secondary education) and VWO (pre-university secondary education). A selection of results with regard to the effects on the writing achievements of students and with regard to changes in their writing processes are being presented. From the study it appeared that students improved their writing achievements during the experimental course: they wrote better letters after the course than they did before. The writing processes of students who wrote a letter (supported by the computer program) also appeared to be changed. The required letter was planned at a higher text level after the course. However, for some of the participating students this change appeared to be immature.

The Polyphony of Learning in the Learning Disabled

The predominant view in the learning disabilities field conceptualizes the development and continuation of dysfunctional cognition as something that can be described primarily in terms of neurological functioning, perception, information processing, or problem solving. I have criticized this viewpoint maintaining that social relationships, which by the standard learning disabilities (LD) definition are excluded as being responsible for the disabilities, need to be regarded as the context in which disabled cognition is created and embedded (e.g., Coles, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984). In this article I will discuss some of these social relationships in the learning of the learning disabled by analyzing the process in a clinical session during which an illiterate adult successfully learned. Surprisingly, with few exceptions (e.g., Feuerstein, 1979; Stone & Wertsch, 1984), few studies have been conducted on the process of successful learning by the learning disabled in an instructional situation. I say surprisingly because it seems that a transformational approach through which a poor learner learned might uncover cognitive and associated activity otherwise obscured in the study of disabled learning through the educational products, usually test results, of good and poor learners.

Building Friendships Between Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students: Effects of Cooperative and Individualistic Instruction

The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences were compared on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and non-handicapped third-grade students. Forty students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for handicap, ability, sex, and peer popularity. Students participated in an instructional math unit for 25 minutes a day for 16 instructional days. Type of interaction within the instructional situation, interpersonal attraction, and frequency of interaction in a free-choice, postinstructional situation were measured. Three attitude scales were also given. The results indicate that cooperative learning experiences, compared with individualistic ones, promote more cross-handicapped interaction during instruction; promote interaction characterized by involving handicapped students in the learning activities, giving them assistance, and encouraging them to achieve; promote more cross-handicap friendships; and promote more cross-handicap interaction during postinstructional free-time.