Phytochemical Study, HPLC Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Ephedra alata DC. Female Cones Extracts

The aim of this work is a phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and Chromatographic Analysis by HPLC of extracts of the female cones of Ephedra alata DC. Which grows in Oued Souf region (South East of Algeria). According to the results obtained from the estimation of polyphenols and flavonoids content, the methanolic extract has the best content of polyphenols (158.34±2.71mg GAE/g Extract), and the best values of flavonoids (88.50±1.12mg QE/g Extract). The chromatographic analysis by HPLC has identified eight phenolic compounds, which are Gallic Acid, Chlorogenic acid, Vanillic Acid, Vanillin, p-Coumaric acid, Rutin, Naringenin and Quercitin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three tests: DPPH• free-radical scavenging, Hemolysis and Reducing power, the results of test scavenging the free-radical DPPH• show the tannins extract had the best scavenging activity capacity than the other extracts (IC50: 14.94±1.34μg/mL), But, in the hemolysis test, all the extracts were proximity except for the aqueous extract that was shown protected of the erythrocytes (50±0.5% of hemolysis percentage). Finally, in the reducing power assay, its results showed that the tannins extract has a best reducing power 27.16±0.25μg/mL in Abs700= 0.5 compared to other extracts.

Abundance and potency of Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Padang Sapu-sapu, Pejem Village, Bangka

Padang sapu-sapu soil is similar with post-tin mining soil in its white sand texture and poor nutrient. One factor causes the disturbed land in Bangka Belitung islands is tin mining activity. One method to rehabilitate marginal soil is by utilizing the potential nonsymbiotic N2-fixing bacteria, which are able to fertilize the soil and is able to provide macro nutrient. This study aims to measure the abundance and potency of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria in padang sapu-sapu, Pejem Village, Bangka. The site selection is determined by purposive sampling method and interviews and the samples were collected randomly. Isolation used selective media Ashby'`s Monitol Agar and Azospirillum media. Morphological characterization was conducted on isolates and a series selective test was carried out, i.e. hipersentivity test, hemolysis test, IAA phytohormone test and nitrogenase test. The study of the abundance population of non-symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria of two different locations showed that the total bacterial population in padang sapusapu is very small compared to its lowland forest. Isolate Azotobacter sp. TH105(a) from the lowland forests is potential as natural fertilizer.

Feasibility Assessment of Parathyroid Hormone Adsorption by Using Polysaccharide-Based Multilayer Film Systems

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic disorder that combines complex bone and mineral abnormalities. The high level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood causes irreversible renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce level of PTH in the blood of patients with uremic state. In this study, chitosan and heparin were chosen to form polysaccharide-based multilayer films based on their antibacterial ability, good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. In addition, a previous study has revealed that PTH is a heparin/polyanion binding protein because of the similarity of heparin to the cell surface proteoglycans. Subsequently, the surface properties including thickness, surface hydrophobicity and surface charge of a series of multilayer films were analyzed. The PTH adsorption rate of a series of multilayer films was also assessed. The results revealed that the optimizing condition is (CHI/HEP)2.5 and 60 min in both PBS only and PBS with the addition of bovine serum albumin, which demonstrated the specific adsorption of PTH on the materials. Furthermore, the hemolysis test also revealed that (CHI/HEP)2.5 shows good blood compatibility. It is considered that polysaccharide-based multilayer films may provide an alternative for the surface modification of hemodialysis membranes and equipment.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic study of extracts of Guibourtia tessmanii (harms) J. Léonard from Gabon

Background Gabonese flora abounds in a significant reserve of plants in medical matter. Thus, medicinal plants occupy a significant place in African pharmacopeia. Aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of extracts of Guibourtia tessmanii (Harms) J. Léonard. Methods The test for sensitivity to microorganisms was performed by the diffusion method, while the MICs and MBCs were evaluated by the microdilution technique. Antioxidant tests were performed by scavenging the DPPH and ABTS radicals. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by protein denaturing and membrane stabilization methods. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on the tadpoles of the green frog. Results The antibacterial activity shows that the Gt F2 fraction and the water-acetone extract produced the greatest inhibitions. The water, water-ethanol and water-acetone extracts exhibited bactericidal effects on the majority of bacteria. In the case of trapping of the DPPH radical, the IC50 values varied from 6.92 ± 0.48 to 16.64 ± 0.20 μg/mL. For the decolouration of ABTS, oxidation was mainly inhibited by the water-acetetone, water-ethanol extracts and some fractions. The water and water-acetone extracts showed good inhibition of denaturation. The hemolysis test confirmed the good activities of the extracts. The lethal test showed that the LC50 drops from 171.37 ± 9.25 to 58.25 ± 7.21 μg/mL after 24 and 96 h of exposure. In tadpoles exposed to 7.81 μg / mL of extracts, the first mortalities (12.5%) were observed on the second day of exposure. From the ninth day, the mortality rate increased (25%) until the 16th day. Conclusion Our results show that Guibourtia tessmanii may be a promising product for the isolations of molecules responsible for biological activities.

The Potential of Nutmeg’s Microbes (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) as Antagonistic Agents against Rigidoporus microporus

This study aimed to obtain yeast and bacteria from Myristica fragrans Houtt., which have the potential to produce chitinase enzymes with antagonistic ability against Rigidoporus microporous. Both microorganisms were extracted from the leaves and fruit of nutmeg. A total of 35 yeast and 29 bacterial isolates were obtained, with different morphological characters. The chitinolytic test was carried out qualitatively, and the parameters observed include the clear zones around the colony. A total of 4 bacterial isolates produced chitinase enzymes (BP 1.2.1, BP 2.1.1, EPBj II.K1, and EPBj II. K2) with a chitinolytic index of 3.92, 5.38, 2.00, and 1.66, respectively. Yeast isolates were negative for chitinase enzymes. The difference in index value indicated a variation in enzyme activity. The antagonist test was carried out using a dual culture method. A total of 1 yeast and 14 bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of R. microporous, and each has a different inhibitory zone. Based on the percentage of inhibition value, the highest percentage occurred in P.K1(41.1%), P. K2 (50%), dan EPBj II. K6 (42.2%). The antagonist test indicator includes the formation of inhibitory zones on the medium. Hemolysis test showed that yeast and bacteria are not able to break down blood cells in the medium. The molecular identification showed that P. K1 and P. K2 isolates were classified as Bacillus subtillis and EPBj II. K6 were identified as Bacillus aerius with 100% sequence homology and 99% bootstrap value respectively. These findings provided information about potential microbes that control white root fungus.

Microbial exploration of the origin of the Pandeglang cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) rhizosphere as potential biofertilizer

This study aimed to determine the ability of microorganisms originating from the root ecosystem (Rhizosphere) of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) as a potential superior to biological agents. For the experiment, soil samples were observed from the rhizosphere of cocoa plants in Pandeglang Regency. At this stage, the research was focused on finding out the extent of microbe screening results from cocoa rhizosphere soil in producing phytohormones. The results from the initial selection showed a population of Azotobacter 2.8 x 105 cfu/mL, a population of Azospirillium of 0.3 x 102 cfu/mL, and a population of Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) 4.1 x 107 cfu/mL. In the hemolysis test conducted for 9 isolates, only 1 isolate showed a negative result. From the test of the ability to produce phytohormones showed respectively from the highest values were IAA 5.467 mg/L, gibberellin 3.768 mg/L, zeatin 1.321 mg/L, and kinetin 0.886 mg/L. The land rhizosphere of Pandeglang cocoa plant had superior potential microbes which could be used as biological fertilizers.

Evaluation of the hemogram of Oryctolagus cuniculus envenomus

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolysing action of Naja nigricollis venom on rabbit blood. To carry out this study, three batches of three rabbits were formed with two control batches and one experimental batch. Each control lot is composed of three rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot is composed of two males and one female. Each rabbit from the control lots was separately collected in the purple tube (EDTA) and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The rabbits from the experimental batch were also collected distinctly a few minutes after the injection of the venom of Naja nigricollis for the analysis of haematological parameters. However, before the analysis of the hematological parameters of the rabbits from the control and experimental batches, an in vitro hemolysis test of Naja nigricollis venom was performed to verify its hemolysing power. The results showed that Naja nigricollis venom has a dose-dependent in vitro hemolysing power. As for the haemogram, it revealed that the venom of Naja nigricollis has a decreasing effect on blood cells (red and white blood cells), on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, and an elevation on MGVs thus promoting anaemia.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Protein Hidrolisat Dari Kasein Susu Kambing Etawa Hasil Hidrolisis Bromelin Dari Daun Nanas Madu

Hydrolyzed proteins are fragments of protein fragments that have certain biological activities. Some of the functions of hydrolyzed proteins that are known are as antibacterial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, opioid, and immunomodulatory. Protein from Etawa goat's milk is one source of protein hydrolyzate. In this research, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolyzate from casein Etawa goat milk was tested. Casein is hydrolyzed with bromelain from honey pineapple leaves. The research steps are: bromelain extraction, casein hydrolysis of Etawa goat milk, antioxidant activity fraction of hydrolyzed protein fractions by DPPH method, and hemolysis test. The results of the study were: (1) the highest degree of hydrolysis in casein hydrolyzate was achieved at 60 minutes incubation time, (2) casein hydrolyzate which had the highest antioxidant activity was incubated for 30 minutes, (3) based on the AAI value, the casein hydrolyzed activity included into the classification of weak antioxidants because AAI <0.5, (4) the results of the hemolysis test show that casein hydrolyzate does not cause hemolysis of red blood cells

Isolasi dan Seleksi Bakteri Proteolitik Asal Limbah Cair Tahu Sebagai Dasar Penentuan Agen Pembuatan Biofertilizer

Liquid tofu waste has the effect of damaging the environment if treated poorly. The waste contains a reasonably high protein so that it can be used as a substrate for isolation of proteolytic bacteria. Proteases produced by proteolytic bacteria can hydrolyze proteins in liquid tofu waste. The results of protein hydrolysis are amino acids in the form of nitrogen. The nitrogen can be used by plants for nutritional growth so that bioconversion products from proteolytic bacteria can be used as biofertilizers. The purpose of this study was to isolate and select potential proteolytic isolates from tofu liquid waste, which could be used as biofertilizer agents. The method used was bacterial isolation, proteolytic activity test, potato decay test, hemolysis test, and antagonism test among isolates. The results showed that there were two potential isolates from 28 isolates that had been successfully isolated, namely BLT-12 and BLT 21 with each Proteolytic Index of 3.20 and 3.16, respectively. The two isolates were gram-positive in the form of basil, did not have hemolysis activity, could not decompose potatoes so that they did not have a pathogenic effect on the test plants and did not have antagonistic properties between the two others. Therefore, BLT 12 and BLT 21 isolates can be used as candidates for potential isolates of biofertilizer agents.

Isolated Hemolysis Profile of Streptococcus Sp. Isolation Result from Swine’s Tonsil In Slaughter House at Punggul and Bongkasa Village

Streptococcus is a Gram-positive coccus from the family Streptococcaceae that can be found normally in some healthy animal but can cause a disease as well. The purpose of this research is to know the hemolysis profile from pig’s tonsil swab isolated from the traditional pig slaughterhouse at Punggul Village and Bongkasa Village that can be divided into three hemolytic profile; alpha-hemolytic, beta hemolytic, and gamma hemolytic, to know the pathogenicity. This research is divided into several steps, such as; isolating the swab, Gram test, catalase test, oxidase test, and hemolysis test on Sheep Blood Agar. Streptococcus is a Gram-positive coccus, tested Gram positive, catalase negative and oxidase positive. This research concludes the amount of positive Streptococcus sp sample based on hemolysis profile is 6 of 24 samples, whereas 3 of 24 samples (12,5%) has ? hemolysis pattern, 3 of 24 samples (12,5%) has ? hemolysis pattern and none showed the ? pattern. The conclusion from the table; showed positive sample of Streptococcus sp is divided 50:50 for the ? and ? hemolysis, and no sample showed the ? pattern. At most cases, the ? and ? hemolysis Streptococcus is a pathogen bacterium. This data might be useful for references to see the transmission of Streptococcus sp in swine at Abiansemal area in Badung, Bali