Amplitudes of characteristic waves and non-reflecting outflow conditions for high-fidelity numerical simulations

Non-reflecting boundary conditions are crucial for aeroacoustic simulations to prevent non-physical reflections at boundaries from contaminating the interior acoustic solutions. Various non-reflecting outflow conditions, mainly based on the characteristic theory, have been developed. By using a locally one-dimensional inviscid approximation, the characteristic wave amplitudes are identified as the projection of flow solutions into the eigenspace of the flux Jacobian matrix. When the weighted transverse terms are included, the definitions are essentially changed and produce different levels of non-physical reflections. This study aims to resolve the ambiguity in defining the amplitudes of characteristic waves. A new analysis in the frequency and wave number domain is proposed to identify the characteristic wave amplitudes in multidimensional space, and a second order in terms of the lateral wave number non-reflecting outflow condition that is more physically reasonable is derived. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the performances of these non-reflecting conditions.

Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W

This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.

Pengawasan Pajak Reklame di Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bandung

This research is motivated by the author's interest in the efforts of the Bandung City Regional Revenue Management Agency in monitoring the billboard tax. Based on the observations made, there is a problem, namely the advertisement tax revenue is not in accordance with the expected target due to the lack of direct implementation of the advertisement tax supervision, there are still taxpayers who put up billboards but do not report first, lack of human resources in monitoring the billboard tax supervision. in the Regional Revenue Management Agency. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques using through interviews, observation, documents and triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the advertisement tax supervision has implemented the characteristic theory of effective supervision. However, there are still dimensions that have not worked well, among others: in an organizational realistic dimension because the number of human resources under supervision is not sufficient. inhibiting factors, namely limited human resources, lack of awareness of taxpayers of local taxes, and the determination of the potential for advertisement tax that has not been on target. Efforts are made to monitor the billboard tax, namely increasing the number of human resources and increasing their competence through education and training, increasing the socialization of understanding about the billboard tax to the public, conducting periodic supervision of taxpayers so that there are no deviations or deviations. there are data errors submitted by taxpayers, and strict enforcement of the implementation of billboard tax supervision.

Does humane orientation matter? A cross-cultural study of job characteristics needs-supplies fit/misfit and affective organizational commitment

PurposeDrawing from job characteristic theory and person-environment fit theory, the authors examine the relationship between job characteristics needs-supplies fit/misfit and affective organizational commitment across countries and how humane orientation moderates this relationship.Design/methodology/approachTo test the authors’ hypotheses, the authors conducted a number of multilevel polynomial regressions with three-dimensional surface analyses on a sample of 19,049 employees from 24 countries drawn from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2005.FindingsResults indicate that job characteristics needs-supplies fit is positively related to affective organizational commitment, while job characteristics needs-supplies misfit is negatively related to affective organizational commitment. In addition, results reveal that humane orientation is relevant to increasing affective organizational commitment when external rewards job characteristics needs are higher than external rewards job characteristics supplies.Originality/valueThese results weaken the universality of job characteristics and call for a departure from a one-size-fits-all approach to human resources.

Gender, Parenthood, and Hiring Intentions in Sex-Typical Jobs: A Survey Experiment

We ran a survey experiment with Dutch employers to investigate hiring discrimination in sex-typical jobs. We ask if women are especially discriminated against when they have children, whether discrimination applies similarly in different occupations, and whether statistical discrimination or status-characteristic theories best account for discriminatory practices (if any).Employers rate fictitious candidates for either a female-typical job (primary-school teacher) or a male-typical job (software engineer). Employers are found to display a slight preference for female candidates when filling a teacher post, although such bias is less strong for female applicants with children. No such ranking is found for a software engineer vacancy, nor do we find different salary offers across candidates and across vacancies. Employers do not appear to favour men over women for positions likely to be on the career track, as predicted by statistical discrimination theories, nor do they expect women to be less capable than men, as posited by status-characteristic theory. Female candidates with children, however, are expected to be less committed to their job and work fewer hours, especially in the teacher experiment. Such expectations seem to have small consequences for the hiring decisions and salary offers Dutch employers make in our study.

Generative Approaches

This chapter provides an introduction to syntax from a generative perspective. Due to space constraints, the chapter zooms in on mainstream derivational (‘transformational’) approaches, essentially along the lines developed by Chomsky and many others. The chapter highlights the long-standing and constant ingredients of the mainstream theory, and it does so by emphasizing and illustrating the characteristic theory-driven deductive argumentation. After introducing and motivating hierarchical structure and the structural relation c-command, the chapter explores the concept of abstract structure by studying long-distance dependencies. In particular, it is shown how copies left by moved constituents play a role in interpretive processes. Furthermore, a case study of VP ellipsis provides arguments that although the ellipsis site is not associated with any overt material, it nevertheless has internal structure. In sum, the chapter seeks to illuminate the nature of the interplay between data and theory construction within generative approaches.

Vibration Characteristics Analysis for the Stator of Dynamic Friction Linear Piezoelectric Stack Motors

To improve the output performance of piezoelectric linear motors, researches was carried on the vibration characteristic for the stator of dynamic-friction type non-resonant linear piezoelectric motors. By analyzing the construction and working mechanism of the motor, longitudinal vibration model was established for the stator of motor. Then the vibration differential equation of the drive tip was deduced and longitudinal displacement functions were proposed. Further, the prototype was fabricated and investigated by experiments on the longitudinal displacement of drive tip under different excitation conditions. Experiment results proved the vibration characteristic theory of stator that the longitudinal amplitude of drive tip increases with excitation voltage. The maximum amplitude of drive tip is 0.85μm and the output force is 3 N on condition that the operation voltage is 90 V and the frequency is 1.6 kHz. The above studies can provide theoretical basis for performance optimization of motor and for structural optimization of stator.