Free Surface Effect Assessment of the Flow Around the DARPA SUBOFF-5470 Submarine Using OpenFOAM

An important parameter to submarine navigation and control is determining the hull speed relative to the surrounding sea. The object of this paper is to find possible locations for speed sensors on a submarine. The probes should be fitted to the hull areas where the water flow is free of turbulence structures, vortices, or bubble formation to obtain a reliable measurement. In this work, a rational procedure is proposed to identify the probe installation site on the hull of the DARPA SUBOFF-5470 submarine, through numerical simulations using OpenFOAM. Three different depth conditions at three different navigation speeds were considered to assess the free-surface effect. First, verification and validation procedures were completed at deep water conditions (H/D = 5.4). The results of this analysis indicate a convergence ratio of 0.49 with an uncertainty of 0.04%SC. Later, a grid convergence analysis was completed at periscope depth conditions (H/D = 1.1), within the highly nonlinear Froude range. These results show an oscillatory convergence with an uncertainty of 0.78%. Finally, the hull region between 5 and 15% from the bow of the submarine length is recommended for installing the speed probe, considering the linearity of the flow, without high gradients and vortex structures.

Moving beyond rationalistic responses to the concern about indoctrination in moral education

Indoctrination is an ongoing concern in education, especially in debates about moral education. One approach to this issue is to come up with a rational procedure that can robustly justify potential items of moral education content. I call this the ‘rationalistic justification project’. Michael Hand’s recent book, A Theory of Moral Education, is representative of this approach. My essay has three parts. First, I show that Hand’s justificatory procedure – the problem-of-sociality justification – cannot serve the purposes he has in mind; it fails on its own terms and may even cause the teacher to inadvertently slide into indoctrination. Second, I argue that the causes of this failure lie deeper than Hand’s particular approach to the rationalistic justification project; rather, it is the broader project itself that is misguided, largely due to its narrow conceptions of morality and rationality. Third, I offer an alternative way of framing the issue of indoctrination, by drawing on Aristotle’s philosophy of rhetoric. My suggested approach recontextualizes the issue of indoctrination and brings into focus a broader set of relevant features of the teaching–learning situation.

Drug-induced diseases in otolaryngology – causes, clinical signs, treatment

<b>Introduction:</b> In the daily practice of an otolaryngologist, we encounter cases where the symptoms are not the result of disease but result from pharmacotherapy. In the case of symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or dizziness, polytherapy may be used as the basis for their occurrence, which, due to the lack of rationality in combining drugs, leads to symptoms that the patient and the doctor very often interpret as a new disease syndrome. <br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study is to show and to raise awareness of the fact that the symptoms of hearing organ impairment are frequently drug-related and only a modification of the currently used pharmacotherapy is a rational procedure in such cases. <br><b>Material:</b> This paper describes 30 cases who developed side effects of polypharmacy in the form of hearing disorders, dizziness, and tinnitus. The causes of drug-related complications were discussed, as well as effective methods of their prevention.

Substantiating rational schedule to load trucks using draglines while mining a pit of Motronivskyi MPP

Purpose. To substantiate a rational schedule for the combined dragline-truck operation taking into consideration a coefficient of mining in the context of the pit. Methodology. Mathematical and graphical modeling was involved while determining a coefficient of mining concentration in the pit as well as feasibility analysis to select a rational procedure scheme for dragline operation. Findings. Recommendations for the selection of rational dragline operation, while truck loading in the context of Motronivsko-Annivskyi pit, have been developed taking into consideration mining concentration degree in the pit. It has been determined that bottom dragline unloading into a truck, located in the central part of bench mining width, as well as the dragline position at 0.5 A distance from the bench crest, is the most efficient plan of action for the conditions. Technological scheme to develop Motronivsko-Annivskyi pit has been proposed. Originality. Dependence of the mining concentration in the pit upon the parameters of development system elements according to different technological schemes has been derived. The dependence helps estimate development cost for overburden rocks using draglines with direct unloading into trucks. Practical value. Technological schemes for the combined dragline dump truck operation have been developed. Their use makes it possible to cut the prime cost of overburden activities. Implementation of the proposed solutions helps cut stripping cost by UAH 79.65 million a year if annual overburden volume is Qrozkryvu - Qstripping = 13.5 million m3/year.

The Public Sphere, Deweyan Democracy and Rational Discourse in Africa

The quest for a decent political order in many societies is imperative today because of the heterogeneous nature of our social existence and the complexity of our ever increasing socio-economic and political experiences. Since the public sphere is a domain of freedom exemplified by dialogical engagements, the outcome of such encounter must involve the intelligible thoughts of all discussants with the sole aim of dealing with the concerns and commanding the commitment of all to the decisions reached. In this study, it is argued that Deweyan democracy as an alternative theory of rational inquiry is relevant for engaging the present sordid condition of many Africans democratic practice and policy outcomes. As a rational procedure, it is averred that John Dewey’s emphasis on epistemic properties of democratic discourse makes the proceduralist account of democracy superfluous and exposes the weakness of the content of democratic discourse in political actions and decisions. The study also contend that given the consensual state of Dewey’s epistemic thought, Jürgen Habermas theory rather than expanding the space of epistemic democracy stifled it because of his insistence on the force of a better argument in the resolution of conflicting concerns of dialoguers. The study therefore, argues for Dewey’s democracy as an alternative mode of political order since it does not undermine the views of the citizens but gives room for the activation a certain set of attitude that can challenge prevailing opinions and accepts the views that do not embrace conventional wisdom—a procedure that is necessary for the growth and development of our democratic space.

A Rational Procedure to Increase Selectivity in the Determination of an Elicitor as Salicylic Acid in Polygala Extracts Using Capillary Electrophoresis

Considering the economic potential of secondary metabolites, researches have been focusing several strategies in order to explore and enhance the accumulation of these metabolites in plant matrices in a broad context. One of those strategies is the development of suitable methodologies for the determination of some elicitors, such as salicylic acid (SA). Since literature presents only a few analytical methods for the quantification of SA in plants, this study developed, validated and evaluated these metabolite contents in Polygala species using capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet-visible detection. The background electrolyte (BGE) consisted of 15 mmol L−1 of hydroxymethyl-aminomethane and 30 mmol L−1 of 2-hydroxy-isobutyric acid, pH = 3.9. The BGE was chosen using a rational procedure to increase selectivity and reduce migration time. The method presented rapid performance, migration time less than 0.76 min for salicylic and phthalic acid (internal standard), precision results for peak area were better than 2.9% (intra-day) and 2.8% (inter-day) and the responses for the analytes were linear (range of 1-5 mg L−1), with limits of detection and quantification of 0.2 and 0.6 mg L−1, respectively. The developed method was applied for 39 samples of plant extracts.

A rational method for determining intermittency in the transitional boundary layer

A new rational procedure is proposed for determining the intermittency in the streamwise direction. One of the key parameters for the intermittency determination is the selection of a threshold value, which often involves a certain level of subjectivity. Here, a reliable way of choosing the threshold value in a more objective manner is proposed. The proposed approach involves a single threshold value, equal to the magnitude of the maximum laminar perturbation in the transitional flow. The results obtained are validated with the widely used dual-slope method. In this paper, the measurements are carried out on an experimental arrangement, involving the interaction of an upstream aerofoil wake with a downstream flat plate boundary layer. As a by-product of the study, a scaling parameter has been identified which captures the length of the transition zone as the proximity of the aerofoil in the wall-normal direction is varied. Graphic abstract

The Problems Generalized, Diagnosed, and Reframed in a New Account of Reason

The problematic features of moral issues revealed in Chapters 1 and 2 have exact counterparts in scientific research, where their appearance makes it clear that the problem is located in the common conception of formal reason, especially because logic currently underlies both ethics and science. To prepare for re-examining appropriate rational procedure, the received Western tradition of characterizing rationality formally is surveyed, and its limits are revealed. The natural framework for addressing these matters is a philosophical naturalism that recognizes that humans are fundamentally finite and fallible but have a powerful ability to learn and self-improve. This start re-focuses rationality on intelligent problem solving.

The problem of rational moral enlistment

How can one bring children to recognize the requirements of morality without resorting only to non-rational means of persuasion (i.e. what rational ground can be offered to children for their moral enlistment)? Michael Hand has recently defended a foundationalist approach to answering this question and John White has responded by a) criticizing Hand’s solution to the Problem of Rational Moral Enlistment, and b) attempting to circumvent the problem by suggesting a Humean route which understands moral enlistment as grounded in sentiment. While I do not accept Hand’s preferred solution to the Problem of Rational Moral Enlistment, I am also unpersuaded by White’s attempt to circumvent it. Instead, making use of work by Ben Spiecker and Jan Steutel, I attempt a different solution to the Problem of Rational Moral Enlistment – one appealing to reflective equilibrium rather than to ethical foundationalism as Hand’s does. Whereas Hand hopes to ground rational moral enlistment in a single, self-evident foundational justification of some moral standards, I instead hope to facilitate rational moral enlistment through a rational procedure which starts with students’ existing moral commitments and attempts to revise or expand them through a certain kind of critical reflection.