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Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhong ◽  
Pan Hu ◽  
Suzhen Ran ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Chunmei Xiao ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose To determine the association between levator avulsion and urinary stress incontinence (USI) by 3/4D transperineal ultrasound. Materials and Methods 842 patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2016 to 2019 were recruited for our study. 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound was performed. After standard interview and clinical evaluation, general conditions and levator hiatus data were collected and measured to compare with each group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms or ultrasound features with levator avulsion were calculated. Results A total of 593 women were studied: 204 suffered from levator avulsion (96 cases of left-side avulsion, 80 cases of right-side avulsion and 28 cases of bilateral avulsion) and 389 women had no avulsion. The gravidity and episiotomy conditions of the avulsion groups were significantly different from the no-avulsion group. Significant differences were found in the transverse diameters and anteroposterior diameters between the levator avulsion group and the no-avulsion group, but there was no difference among the avulsion groups, regardless of whether the patient was at rest or performing the Valsalva maneuver. Interestingly, a significant difference was found in the presence of USI symptoms between the uni-avulsion group and the no-avulsion group. The odds ratio (OR) of USI symptoms in the uni-avulsion group is 2.786 (95 %CI, 1.663–4.669), but 0.939 (95 %CI, 0.276–3.199) for the bilateral avulsion and no-avulsion groups. Conclusion Unilateral levator avulsion may be a risk factor for urinary stress incontinence.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043689
Author(s):  
Pek Ling Teo ◽  
Kim L Bennell ◽  
Belinda Lawford ◽  
T Egerton ◽  
Krysia Dziedzic ◽  
...  

ObjectivePhysiotherapists commonly provide non-surgical care for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is unknown if patients are receiving high-quality physiotherapy care for their knee OA. This study aimed to explore the experiences of people who had recently received physiotherapy care for their knee OA in Australia and how these experiences aligned with the national Clinical Care Standard for knee OA.DesignQualitative study using semistructured individual telephone interviews and thematic analysis, where themes/subthemes were inductively derived. Questions were informed by seven quality statements of the OA of the Knee Clinical Care Standard. Interview data were also deductively analysed according to the Standard.SettingParticipants were recruited from around Australia via Facebook and our research volunteer database.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with 24 people with recent experience receiving physiotherapy care for their knee OA. They were required to be aged 45 years or above, had activity-related knee pain and any knee-related morning stiffness lasted no longer than 30 min. Participants were excluded if they had self-reported inflammatory arthritis and/or had undergone knee replacement surgery for the affected knee.ResultsSix themes emerged: (1) presented with a pre-existing OA diagnosis (prior OA care from other health professionals; perception of adequate OA knowledge); (2) wide variation in access and provision of physiotherapy care (referral pathways; funding models; individual vs group sessions); (3) seeking physiotherapy care for pain and functional limitations (knee symptoms; functional problems); (4) physiotherapy management focused on function and exercise (assessment of function; various types of exercises prescribed; surgery, medications and injections are for doctors; adjunctive treatments); (5) professional and personalised care (trust and/or confidence; personalised care) and (6) physiotherapy to postpone or prepare for surgery.ConclusionPatients’ experiences with receiving physiotherapy care for their knee OA were partly aligned with the standard, particularly regarding comprehensive assessment, self-management, and exercise.


Author(s):  
Koriahina A.Yu.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the question of reflecting the level of lexical planning on the speaker’s articulation characteristics. Its purpose is to explore, first, the relationship between communicative situation and lexical planning, and second, its impact on pronunciation processes. The relationship between lexical language planning and articulation plays an important theoretical role in understanding language production. However, its nature remains poorly understood. And although linguists distinguish three aspects of language production (planning process, articulation plan and plan of performance), research in this area is mainly focused on the relationship between the first and last aspect. Any systematic change of articulation occurs solely due to variations in the planning and search for the representation of the word. Acoustic reduction occurs through the simplification of production mechanisms, and the reduction is the result of some combination of activating conceptual and linguistic representations associated with the word and simplifying any of the processes involved in creating the articulation of the plan from the concept. According to this view, it is assumed that changes in the pronunciation of a word due to contextual data occur entirely through the simplification of the processes of representation or coding involved in planning. This paper focuses on the study of possible ways of influence and dependence of lexical planning and articulation processes at both segmental and supersegmental levels by studying the relationship between communication and lexical planning, as well as the influence of language planning on pronunciation.Methods. To achieve this goal, methods were used such as covert recording methods (to obtain speech samples that most accurately reflect the natural speech behavior of the speaker), semi-standard interview (its principle is that the interviewer has the opportunity depending on the circumstances, vary the form of questions, which are aimed not at obtaining certain information from respondents, but at obtaining samples of speech of the required styles) and included observation (recording the informant’s speech in a formal communication situation), auditory (to identify and interpret collected material), comparative method (for comparing pronunciation variants of different communicative situations).Results. Increasing complexity of speech production during lexical planning leads to increased articulation detail. Reducing complexity of production leads to a decrease in pronunciation, which means faster planning, will lead to fewer details.Conclusions. The more relaxed the communication environment is, the simpler and shorter the words the speaker uses and, as a result, the articulation becomes less detailed. Various processes of sound changing, and at the same time intonation models are not always directly related to the tendency to save language in a situation of relaxed communication, but also to the peculiarities of linguistic planning, the speed of which increases significantly during spontaneous speech.Key words: language production, pronunciation, communication situation, lexical search. Мета. Стаття присвячена питанню відображення рівня лексичного планування на артикуляційних характеристиках мовця. Її мета – дослідити, по-перше, взаємозв’язок комунікативної ситуації та лексичного планування, по-друге, його вплив на процеси вимови. Зв’язок між лексичним плануванням мови й артикуляцією відіграє важливу теоретичну роль у розумінні мововиробництва. Проте його природа залишається маловивченою. І хоча мовознавці виділяють три аспекти мововиробництва (процес планування, артикуляційний план і виконання плану), дослідження в цій області в основному зосереджені на співвідношенні між першим і останнім аспектами. Будь-яка систематична зміна артикуляції відбувається суто через варіації у процесі планування і пошуку репрезентації слова. Акустична редукція виникає через спрощення механізмів виробництва, а скорочення є результатом деякої комбінації активації концептуальних і лінгвістичних уявлень, пов’язаних зі словом, і спрощення будь-якого із процесів, пов’язаних зі створенням артикуляції плану з концепту. Відповідно до цієї думки передбачається, що зміни у вимові слова через контекстуальну даність цілком відбуваються через спрощення процесів репрезентації або кодування, задіяних у плануванні. У цій роботі увагу зосереджено на вивченні можливих шляхів впливу та залежності процесів лексичного планування й артикуляції як на сегментному, так і на супрасегментних рівнях шляхом дослідження зв’язку між обстановкою комунікації і рівнем лексичного планування, а також впливу ступеня планування мови на вимову.Методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети використовувалися такі методи, як методи прихованого запису (для отримання зразків мовлення, що найбільш точно відображають природну мовленнєву поведінку мовця), напівстандартного інтерв’ю (його принцип полягає в тому, що той, хто проводить інтерв’ю, має можливість залежно від обставин варіювати форму питань, які спрямовані не на отримання певної інформації від опитуваних, а на отримання зразків мовлення необхідних стилів) та включеного спостереження (фіксування мовлення інформанта в офіційній ситуації спілкування), аудитивний (для ідентифікації й інтерпретації зібраного матеріалу), зіставно-порівняльний метод (для зіставлення вимовних варіантів різних комунікатив-них ситуацій).Результати. Підвищення складності виробництва промови під час лексичного планування приводить до збільшення артикуляційної деталізації. Зниження складності виробництва приводить до зниження вимови, а значить, більш швидке планування приведе до меншої кількості деталей.Висновки. Чим більш невимушена обстановка спілкування, тим більш прості і короткі слова використовує мовець і, як наслідок, артикуляція стає менш деталізованою. Різноманітні процеси зміни звуків, отже, інтонаційних моделей не завжди безпосередньо пов’язані з тенденцією до економії мовних засобів в ситуації невимушеного спілкування, але також і з особливостями лінгвістичного планування, швидкість якого істотно збільшується під час спонтанного мовлення.Ключові слова: мововиробництво, вимова, ситуація спілкування, лексичний пошук.


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isai Amutan Krishnan ◽  
Jariah Mohd Jan ◽  
Siti Zaidah Binti Zainuddin

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the knowledge of lexical items in a job interview by recent graduates.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from one of the organisations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Twenty-seven recent graduates participated in the study. The structured standard interview questions were used to elicit the job interview data. The data were recorded and analysed qualitatively by using Allwood's (1999a, b, c) communicative behaviour theory.FindingsThe findings showed that the lexical items used by the interviewees varied and revealed their knowledge of lexical items in relation to these five characteristics: personality, skills, capability, experience and self-motivation. The successful interviewees reflected their knowledge of lexical items that indicated their confidence in in the job interviews. The lexical items used by the reserved interviewees were limited that displayed their personalities and reflected uncertainty and lack of confidence. The unsuccessful interviewees used limited lexical items and were vague and evasive in answering questions. This could also be not convincing enough to influence the outcome of the interviews positively.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can assist policymakers such as officials of higher learning institutions to integrate interview workshops and mock interviews into their current curriculum as a form of preparation for undergraduates. These mock interviews can be more appropriate if experienced interviewers are utilised from the outsourcing organisations.Social implicationsIt creates an awareness for job applicants especially undergraduates after completing their studies that knowledge of lexical items are important in job interviews.Originality/valueThe use of appropriate lexical items play an important role in job interviews as they have shown that all the successful interviewees had used them to good effect in their interactions with the interviewer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Krishnan Isai Amutan Isai ◽  
Manickavasagar Govindasamy ◽  
Ramalingam Selvajothi Ramalingam ◽  
Hee Sio Ching ◽  
Muthutamilselvan Kausalya

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of appraisal system-attitude and cooperative solidarity principle and also the perception of interviewees and interviewer of the job interview interactions. The data was collected in one of the local education institutions in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. There were 20 students participated in the study. Job interviews were recorded and analysed qualitatively by using appraisal system-attitude and cooperative solidarity principle theories. Semi-structured interviews as well as in-depth interview were done on the interviewees and interviewer to triangulate the study. The findings show that most of interviewees were covered the categories affect, judgment and appreciation but due to lacked English language proficiency, certain occurrences were not reflected to these categories. In relation to cooperative solidarity principle both interviewer and interviewees attribute to the interaction. The findings further reveal that most of the interviewees had difficulty in comprehending the standard interview questions and feeling nervous and anxious to answer the questions. Based on the in-depth interview with the interviewer, it was found that most of the interviewees were not able to expose to the standard interview questions and not able to understand the questions. It is hoped that the present study would be helpful for undergraduates, fresh graduates or in general job seekers as well as interviewer to carry out a smooth interaction in job interviews by having a better understanding on the standard interview questions.


Author(s):  
Latha N. V. ◽  
Ponny J. Kumar ◽  
Praveena K. K. ◽  
Risha Ravendran

Background: Corneal diseases are among the major cause of vision loss and blindness in the world today. Corneal transplantation remains the mainstay of treatment. Hence creation of awareness carries paramount importance. Aim of this study is to assess the awareness about eye donation amongst attendants of deceased patients, their willingness to donate eyes and the reasons for poor donation rate. To assess the efficacy of grief counselling by Eye Donation Counsellor (EDC), its impact on the conversion rateMethods: A prospective hospital based study was done in 135 participants (guardians of deceased subjects) admitted in intensive care units, from June 2017 to June 2018. Counsellor accompanied with a junior resident would first screen the cases. Relatives of suitable cases were approached and counselled in a systematic manner following a standard interview pattern. Responses were noted in a predesigned proforma.Results: Among 618 deceased cases 135 potential donors were identified.57.8% next of kin were aware of the concept of eye donation, but 42.2% were not. After counselling, willingness for eye donation was seen in 54.1%, others refused. Among 57.8% kin who were aware, 51.3% gave consent. Prior knowledge of eye donation, literacy and socioeconomic status did not have any significant influence on willingness. Counselling was found to be the best method to facilitate eye donation.Conclusions: An active counselling by eye donation counsellor is the main factor which is responsible for eye donation.


protocols.io ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
NotreallyLarry Palinkas ◽  
Antonio R ◽  
Gregory A ◽  
Megan Finno ◽  
Ian W ◽  
...  

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