Rethinking the Communication with the Unions Members in the New Context

Additional to the three main trends influencing social dialogue at the organizational level - de-centralization, up-scaling, de-institutionalization and representation – the COVID-19 pandemic rules brought a new influence that impacts the Unions, forcing it to adapt its internal communication. This paper is centred upon the way the Unions members in Romania get access to information in the new labour landscape, characterized by the work from home and physical distancing. The research focuses on a collective case-study of three strong Union Federations that developed internal communication with unions’ members that fits the pandemic context. The research focuses on the internal communication repertoire elements used by the Unions. The research method assesses the qualitative information gathered by interviewing key Unions representatives. The main areas of interest are the key topics addressed in the communication with the members, the tools and media mix used, the frequency of the formal communication with the trade unions members, the accountable and the responsible persons with the internal communication, and the management of the feedback from the members, all in the context of what is different vs. 2019. The conclusions are enriched with some recommendations for future development of communication with union members, supporting the social dialog.

Who Is Responsible for Cybersecurity?

The question “Who is responsible for cybersecurity?” addresses how cyber risk prevention and resilience is not a one-person show: it takes a village to reduce organizational cyber risk. A case study opens the chapter by examining the immense hack of Equifax and the company’s poor cyber leadership during and after the data breach. It details the importance of strong leadership and educates readers on achieving accountable leadership for cyber risk. Afterward, it teaches readers about an organization’s enterprise information security policy and outlines the components of a cybersecurity culture. Topics include transparency, accountability, appropriate system knowledge, compliance with policy and procedure, and formal communication channels. The chapter guides executives in budgeting and allocating resources to cyber risk management and explains third-party agreements for cyber risk. It also details the importance of cyber talent management. The chapter concludes with Rosenbach’s Embedded Endurance strategy experience with cyber risk leadership at the U.S. Department of Défense.

he Impact of Technology upon Formal Communication: Texting Impacting the Standard English

With the invention of mobile phones text messaging has become a popular medium of communication. Its users are multiplying with every passing day. Its use is not only limited to informal but to formal communication as well. Students are the advent users of mobile phones and of SMS as well. The present study manifests the fact that students are practicing SMS for a number of reasons and a good amount of time is spent upon it which is resulting in typographical features, graphones and rebus writing. Data is collected through questionnaires and came to the conclusion that its effect is obvious in the L2 users in general and examinations in particular.

THE USE OF STANDARD ALBANIAN LANGUAGE BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

This paper investigates the level of standard Albanian use by primary school teachers for grades 1-5 in Kosovo as well as in the cities of Presheva and Bujanoc in Serbia. This paper investigates concrete situations and problems of standard Albanian and other varieties use in school. The research was conducted with a total number of 66 teachers in the form of a questionnaire and test on concrete problems of standard Albanian spelling norm. In order to have an example of a fourdimensional space, information on sociolinguistic factors, such as: work experience, region of origin, education, and gender of respondents were collected intentionally as important dimensions for a language. The research is of a descriptive nature and does not intend to provide assessments of a prescriptive nature nor take a stance on the investigated cases. Instead, in a more complete way, through the survey corpus, it intends to process the data statistically and present the current situation of standard Albanian use in its written form by primary school teachers. According to the research results, standard Albanian is not well mastered by the primary school teachers in Kosovo. However, based on the research results, in school we have a diglossic situation of different varieties use: standard Albanian, literary Gheg, dialectical (local) Gheg, which coexist depending on the situations of formal and informal communication that can occur in school, although in this domain of formal communication it is the high variety that is intended to be used.

POLITENESS/IMPOLITENESS IN CONFLICT DIALOGICAL DISCOURSE: PROSODY ASPECT

The given article presents an experimental phonetic investigation, which deals with a comprehensive analysis of English-language formal and informal conflict dialogues. It focuses on the study of various types of the investigated conflict dialogues intonational structure.The basic criteria of the practical material classification are: 1) the degree of relations formality between the collocutors and 2) politeness/impoliteness. According to these criteria the investigated conflict dialogues were classified as formal polite, formal impolite, informal polite and informal impolite. The recorded speech was investigated with the help of computer and statistical analyses which allowed to reveal those elements of prosody which actualize politeness/impoliteness in various types of the investigated conflict dialogues. The prosodic means that most clearly differentiate the investigated dialogical units are the pitch and intensity range, the pitch peaks, the average syllable duration, the average duration of the emphatic centre, the pause volume, types of pauses between the key remarks. The pitch and intensity peaks that coinside with the emphatic centre of a dialogical unity are greatly important for actualizing emphasis. The speech of collocutors who try to remain polite in a formal conflict situation is characterised by a normal tempo with the tendency to slowing down, a mid loudness, a mid pitch range that is due to the formal and official speech situation that forces the interlocutors to follow status subordination. An impolite formal conflict is characterized by a greater degree of emotionality than a polite formal one, as collocutors do not always follow the rules and standards of a formal situation behaviour being rude and harsh with their speech partners. At the prosodic level it is expressed by a faster tempo, a greater loudness and a wider pitch range than in the polite formal communication. The polite informal conflict communication is more emotional and natural than the polite formal one, but less emotional and natural than the impolite informal one. On the one hand the informal situation gives complete freedom to choose emotions and ways of their realization but on the other hand the desire to be polite in order not to offend the speech partner forces the collocutors to restrain their negative feelings in the polite formal conflict communication. The impolite informal conflict is the most emotional and uncontrolled. Expressiveness and uncontrollability in the impolite informal conflict are caused by the the speech situation informality, unwillingness and no need to restrain, complete freedom of choice of verbal and nonverbal means. At the prosodic level this type of conflict interaction is characterised by a high loudness, an accelerated tempo and a wide pitch range of the voice. The conducted research enabled us to state that conflict dialogical discourse represents a peculiar type of speech with a specific prosodic structure.

Communication Style Organizasaun Lospalos Uan Ukani Members Student in Bandung

This study aimed to reveal the communication styles in the Organizasaun Lospalos Uan Ukani Bandung organization with the influence of their original culture, namely Fataluku. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The data sources in this study were divided into two types of data sources, namely primary sources and secondary sources. The technique of determining the informants in this study was using purposive sampling technique. The result showed that the communication style of the students of the Lospalos Uan Ukani Bandung members takes place with a formal communication style using the very standard Fataluku language. The speaking style of the members also used a verbal communication style by using words in speaking accompanied by non-verbal communication in the form of hand movements and facial mimics.

Wanna Be a Friend on Social Media?

As the volume of consumer-brand interactions is increasing in the social media setting, it becomes essential to understand how to foster relationships to create favorable attitudes towards the brand, stimulate sales, and enable consumers to forward the brand name to others. In this regard, this research focuses on the effect of communication style (formal vs. informal) that should be used for products that have different levels of self-expression (high vs. low) in social media communications. An experiment was conducted with 384 participants. The results indicated that consumers prefer informal communication regardless of the self-expression level of the product in social media. Investigating the interaction effects, the authors demonstrated that highly self-expressive products favorably stimulate word-of-mouth intention in case of formal communication. However, it is the informal communication that stimulates purchase and word-of-mouth intentions and brand attitudes when the product is low self-expressive in nature.

UMPATAN DALAM BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA LAMPUNG: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK LINTAS BUDAYA [The Swearing Words in Javanese and Lampungic Language: A Study of Cross Culture Pragmatics]

Swearing words or curse are a part of the communication that exists in a language. Javanese and Lampung languagewhich live side by side in the Lampung region as one of the transmigration destinations are subjects of pragmatic which highlight the swearing words in non-formal communication. This article discusses swearing words in Javanese and Lampung in general. This qualitative descriptive study used the method of elicitation (used DCT) and agih by listening, note-taking technique, and interview. Prime data in form of both languages spoken by respondents. Secondary data in the form of studies that have been conducted become a starting point for studies in this article aimed at describing the types of Javanese and Lampung language swearing words and their functions in non-formal communication. Beside, the purpose of this article is uncovering the implicatures of swearing words in the two languages which have difference local tradition and comparing the structure of swearing words that are built up in the expressions of swearing words. After analyzing the data, the result shows that not all cursing came from the ten classifications defined in two languages. The ten classifications show that curses in Javanese were more complex and varied, while curses in Lampung were limited to certain classifications. The implication of all swearing in two languages, both Javanese and Lampung, was an expression of resentment, anger, and disappointment. However, the use of cursing without reference implicates the diverting conversation. Umpatan atau sumpah serapah merupakan bagian dari komunikasi yang ada dalam sebuah bahasa. Bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung—yang hidup berdampingan di wilayah Lampung sebagai salah satu daerah tujuan transmigrasi— menjadi objek kajian pragmatik yang menyoroti umpatan yang ada dalam komunikasi nonformal. Artikel ini membahas umpatan dalam bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung secara umum. Penelitian berjenis deskriptif kualitatif ini menggunakan metode elisitasi (menggunakan (Discourse Compeltion Task) DCT) dan agih dengan teknik simak, catat, dan wawancara. Data primer berupa tuturan dua bahasa oleh responden. Data sekunder berupa penelitian-penelitian yang pernah dilakukan menjadi titik tolak kajian dalam artikel yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis umpatan bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung dan fungsinya di dalam komunikasi nonformal. Selain itu, tujuan dari artikel ini adalah mengungkap implikatur yang ada dalam tindak tutur berupa umpatan dalam dua bahasa daerah yang memiliki tradisi yang berbeda dengan membandingkan struktur umpatan yang terbangun dalam pengungkapan umpatan. Setelah dilakukan telaah data didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak semua umpatan bersumber sepuluh klasifikasi yang ditetapkan ada di dua bahasa. Pada sepuluh klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa umpatan dalam bahasa Jawa lebih kompleks dan beragam, sementara umpatan dalam bahasa Lampung terbatas pada beberapa klasifikasi tertentu. Implikatur yang ada pada semua umpatan di dua bahasa, baik Jawa dan Lampung adalah pengungkapan kekesalan, kemarahan, dan kekecewaan. Namun, pada penggunaan umpatan tanpa referen merupakan implikatur untuk mengalihkan pembicaraan.

Influence of individual and organisational variables on the perception of organisational values

A favourable organisational culture founded on the values of employees and organisation leaders must be created to achieve goals, innovate and maintain a well-functioning organisation. Knowing these values and how they are influenced by various factors, such as age, the length of service, and the nature of work, must help to change employee beliefs, norms and behaviour patterns in a way that helps to achieve greater organisational success and efficiency. The study sample size consisted of 172 employees of educational institutions and 242 employees from municipal organisations. Occupational features and occupational behaviour were evaluated using a set of organisational values (Glomseth et al., 2011). The current research aimed (1) to evaluate organisational values and feature dimensions with respect to the inter-institutional level, (2) to evaluate organisational values and feature dimensions and distinguish the most prevalent with respect to the subordination level, (3) to evaluate organisational values and feature dimensions with respect to individual variables (gender, age and the length of occupational experience). The results revealed that task effectiveness, time management and cooperation, employee-orientated behaviour were stronger in educational organisations than municipal. Authoritarian management, formality and restrictions were stronger in municipal rather than educational organisations. Compared to beliefs held by subordinates, superiors claimed that positive organisational values, such as effectiveness, cooperation, and employee-orientated behaviour, were more typical in both types of institutions. Formal communication and restrictions were more typical for employees rather than managers. Subordinates but not superiors tended to perceive and evaluate organisational values, features and behaviour differently depending on gender.