disc injury
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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yokozeki ◽  
Kentaro Uchida ◽  
Ayumu Kawakubo ◽  
Mitsufumi Nakawaki ◽  
Tadashi Okubo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP). Following disc injury, nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations rise in IVDs, and anti-NGF therapy has been shown to attenuate LBP in humans. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in degenerative IVDs and in in vitro studies suggest that these factors promote NGF production. However, whether these factors regulate NGF in vivo remains unclear. Thus, we studied NGF regulation in a mouse model of IVD injury. Methods After inducing IVD injury, we examined mRNA levels of Tnfa, Tgfb, and Ngf in IVDs from control and IVD-injured mice across 7 days. To do this, we used magnetic cell separation to isolate CD11b ( +) (macrophage-rich) and CD11b (-) (IVD cell-rich) cell fractions from injured IVDs. To study the effect of TNF-α on Ngf expression, we examined Ngf expression in injured IVDs from C57BL/6 J and Tnfa-knockout (KO) mice (C57BL/6 J background). To study the effect of TGF-β on Ngf expression, C57/BL6J mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of either the TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 or DMSO solution (vehicle) one and two days before harvesting IVDs. Results mRNA expression of Tnfa, Tgfb, and Ngf was significantly increased in injured IVDs. Tnfa was predominantly expressed in the CD11b ( +) fraction, and Tgfb in the CD11b (-) fraction. Ngf expression was comparable between CD11b ( +) and CD11b (-) fractions, and between wild-type and Tnfa-KO mice at post-injury day (PID) 1, 3, and 7. SB431542 suppressed TGF-β-mediated Ngf expression and NGF production in vitro. Further, administration of SB431542 significantly reduced Ngf expression in IVDs such that levels were below those observed in vehicle-treated animals at PID3 and PID7. Conclusion A TGF-β inhibitor reduced Ngf expression in a mouse model of IVD injury, suggesting that TGF-β may regulate NGF expression in vivo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100061
Author(s):  
Michael R. Davies ◽  
Gurbani Kaur ◽  
Xuhui Liu ◽  
Francisco Gomez Alvarado ◽  
Prashant Nuthalapati ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Maki ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kitamura ◽  
Takeo Furuya ◽  
Takuya Miyamoto ◽  
Sho Okimatsu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background According to most of the commonly used classification systems for subaxial spine injuries, unilateral and minimally displaced facet fractures without any sign of a spinal cord injury would be directed to non-operative management. However, the failure rate of non-operative treatment varies from 20 to 80%, and no consensus exists with regard to predictors of failure after non-operative management. Case presentation Case 1 is a patient with a unilateral facet fracture. The patient had only numbness in the right C6 dermatome but failed non-operative treatment, which resulted in severe spinal cord injury. Case 2 is a patient who had a similar injury pattern as case 1 but presented with immediate instability and underwent fusion surgery. Both patients had a minimally displaced unilateral facet fracture accompanied by disc injury and blunt vertebral artery injury, which are possible signs indicating significant instability. Conclusions This is the first report of an isolated unilateral facet fracture that resulted in catastrophic spinal cord injury. These two cases illustrate that an isolated minimally displaced unilateral facet fracture with disc injury and vertebral artery injury were associated with significant instability that can lead to spinal cord injury.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9709
Author(s):  
Juliane D. Glaeser ◽  
Derek Ju ◽  
Wafa Tawackoli ◽  
Jae H. Yang ◽  
Khosrowdad Salehi ◽  
...  

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with advanced glycation end product (AGE) enrichment and considered a risk factor for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. We hypothesized that systemic AGE inhibition, achieved using pyridoxamine (PM), attenuates IVD degeneration in T2DM rats. To induce IVD degeneration, lumbar disc injury or sham surgery was performed on Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) or control Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Post-surgery, IVD-injured ZDSD rats received daily PM dissolved in drinking water or water only. The resulting groups were SD uninjured, SD injured, ZDSD uninjured, ZDSD injured, and ZDSD injured + PM. Levels of blood glycation and disc degeneration were investigated. At week 8 post-surgery, glycated serum protein (GSP) levels were increased in ZDSDs compared to SDs. PM treatment attenuated this increase. Micro-MRI analysis demonstrated IVD dehydration in injured versus uninjured SDs and ZDSDs. In the ZDSD injured + PM group, IVD dehydration was diminished compared to ZDSD injured. AGE levels were decreased and aggrecan levels increased in ZDSD injured + PM versus ZDSD injured rats. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further supported the beneficial effect of PM. In summary, PM attenuated GSP levels and IVD degeneration processes in ZDSD rats, demonstrating its potential to attenuate IVD degeneration in addition to managing glycemia in T2DM.


2020 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 103846
Author(s):  
Sorosh Amiri ◽  
Sadegh Naserkhaki ◽  
Mohamad Parnianpour

10.14444/7078 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-593
Author(s):  
SAPAN D. GANDHI ◽  
TRISTAN MAERZ ◽  
SEAN MITCHELL ◽  
CASEY BACHISON ◽  
DANIEL K. PARK ◽  
...  

JOR Spine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuozhen Tian ◽  
Frances S. Shofer ◽  
Lutian Yao ◽  
Honghong Sun ◽  
Hongtao Zhang ◽  
...  

Spine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. E457-E464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Thor Desmoulin ◽  
Vikram Pradhan ◽  
Theodore Edgar Milner

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M Brent ◽  
Zuozhen Tian ◽  
Frances S Shofer ◽  
John T Martin ◽  
Lutian Yao ◽  
...  

To facilitate rational experimental design and fulfill the NIH requirement of including sex as a biologic variable, we examined the influences of genetic background and sex on responses to intervertebral disc (IVD) injury in the mouse tail. The goal of this study was to compare gene expression and histologic changes in response to a tail IVD injury (needle puncture) in male and female mice on the DBA and C57BL/6 (B6) backgrounds. We hypothesized that extracellular matrix gene expression in response to IVD injury differs between mice of different genetic backgrounds and sex. Consistent changes were detected in gene expression and histologic features after IVD injury in mice on both genetic backgrounds and sexes. In particular, expression of col1a1 and adam8 was higher in the injured IVD of DBA mice than B6 mice. Conversely, col2a1 expression was higher in B6 mice than DBA mice. Sex-associated differences were significant only in B6 mice, in which col2a1 expression was greater in male mice than in female. Histologic differences in response to injury were not apparent between DBA and B6 mice or between males and females. In conclusion, mouse tail IVD showed sex- and strain-related changes in gene expression and histology after needle puncture. The magnitude of change in gene expression differed with regard to genetic background and, to a lesser degree, sex.


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