Polymorphism of Nramp1 Gene and Its Association with Diarrhea in Pigs

Background: Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a relatively conservative gene that plays a crucial role in swine immune response and disease resistance. Methods: We identified the polymorphisms and gene variations in the exon 2 of Nramp1 using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and investigated the correlation between the polymorphisms and piglet diarrhea in four pig breeds (Bamei, Duroc, Landrace, and Large White pigs). Result: The results showed that two alleles (A and B) were identified in all the pig breeds, three genotypes (AA, BB, and AB) were detected in Bamei and Large White breeds, and two genotypes (AA and AB) were detected in Landrace and Duroc breeds. Allele A and genotype AB were dominant in Bamei, Large White, and Landrace breeds, whereas genotype AA was dominant in Duroc pigs. A moderate polymorphism was observed in Landrace and Large White pigs, and polymorphism was abundant in Bamei pigs and low in Duroc pigs. The Chi-square test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium disclosed that the exon 2 of Nramp1 in the four breeds of pigs did not deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg balance (P less than 0.05). The results of association analysis showed a significant correlation between breed and piglet diarrhea (P less than 0.05), and the diarrhea score of Bamei pigs was much lower than those of the other breeds. The study could supply theoretical references for further functional research on Nramp1 gene and for screening genes related to disease-resistance breeding.

Effect of NRAMP1 Gene Polymorphism on levels of(TNF-α and IL-1β) cytokinesin Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients in Iraq

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is vector-borne disease, and endemic in most regions of Iraq specially with poor populations. Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene play a essential role in susceptibility to CL and disease pathology, NRAMP1 influences aproduction and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play a essential role in susceptibility/ resistance and the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania infection, these cytokines are crucial factors in the initiationand enhances of protective immunity against Leishmania infection, this study aimed to studding effect of polymorphism in NRAMP1 genes on cytokines secretion, and their effect in susceptibility to CL infection. Samples of blood were collected from (60) patients with CL and (32) apparently healthy controls. Polymorphism of NRAMP1 (D543N) detected in patients and control groups by PCR-RFLP technique. While (TNF-α and IL-1β) cytokine concentration detected by ELIS technique using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.indicate to effect of NRAMP1 Gene Polymorphism on levels of(TNF-α and IL-1β) cytokines and this a clearly recorded in present study were A allele is associated with lower levels of(TNF-α and IL-1β)in patients and control groups compression to that absorbed in allele Gwith statically significant (P ≤ 0.05).