Determination of Limited Aritolonchic Acid A Content in Xinqin Granules by Capillary Electrophoresis

The paper investigated the determination of limited aritolonchic acid A content in Xinqin granules by capillary electrophoresis. The buffer was 30 mmol/L borax solution containing 3% ethanol. The voltage was 16 kV and UV detection wavelength was 250 nm. The aritolonchic acid A content in Xinqin granules was 2.87 mg/g(RSD=2.9%) (n=6). The recovery of aritolonchic acid A in Xinqin granules sample was in the range of 84.5%-126.7% (n=5). The average recovery was 105.9% (n=5). The new method is fit for the determination of limited aritolonchic acid A content in Xinqin granules.

The Effect of Borax Solution as Preservative to the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo

The use of borax solution as a preservative in wood and bamboo materials is well known in the community. A borax solution is an environmentally friendly liquid that can dissolve in water, so it is suitable to be used as a preservative within cold or hot soaking techniques. The ability of borax to resist insects and fungus attacks on bamboo has been proven, but the effect of the solution on the strength of bamboo must also be investigated. This study conducts to investigate the effects of borax and its additives as preservative solutions to the mechanical properties of bamboos. The bamboos preservations were conducted by cold conditions of immersion, while the mechanical properties were performed to understand the effects of preservatives. The result of this study indicated that 30% to 50% borax in the preservative solution is sufficient to provide significant increase in strength for compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of bamboo specimen. From this study, the use of borax solution in preserving the bamboos materials improved the quality of bamboos based on its mechanical properties.

Innovative Insulating Materials from Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Straw for Building Applications

Straw represents 60-80% of the aerial part of the coriander plant. Because of the increasing demand for vegetable oil from fruits for food, cosmetics or the chemical industry, the availability of straw will grow strongly in the future. Its high lignocellulose content (62%) makes this crop by-product an interesting raw material for producing bio-based building materials. Bulk materials can be obtained by refining the straw through twin-screw extrusion in the presence of water. The fiber aspect ratio of refined straw can be varied (22.9-26.5) by applying different liquid/solid ratios (0.4-1.0), leading to a variation in the tapped density of the resulting bulk material (110-61 kg/m3). For the lowest density, thermal conductivity is 47.3 mW/(m.K). Twin-screw refining can also be conducted from an aqueous borax solution. Refined straw thus becomes fire-proofed, making it usable as loose fill in housing. Insulation blocks of medium density, associating straw and a starch-based binder, can also be produced through compression molding. With a density of 155 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity of 55.6 mW/(m.K), the optimal cohesive blocks (7.5 mm milled straw and 15% binder), cold-pressed at 87 kPa for 30 s, are promising alternatives for the thermal insulation of buildings (e.g., filling of walls, interior partitions, etc.).

Effect of Boron Priming on the Seed Vigour in Different Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

This experiment was designed to determine the influence of boron priming on seed vigour in thirteen varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa seeds were primed with 1.8% (W/V) concentration of borax solution for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h at 20°C. The results showed that the original vigour of alfalfa seeds was disparate in thirteen varieties and there were highly significant (P less than 0.01) differences observed in both varieties and priming time and their interactions on the vigour of the seeds. Alfalfa seeds of WL525HQ and WL656HQ might be more sensitive to boron toxicity, but seeds of WL298HQ, WL343HQ, WL354HQ, WL903 and Pianguan were insensitive to boron toxicity. Thus, it is necessary to carefully select appropriate varieties of alfalfa seeds for the application of boron priming.

Influence of Boron Priming on the Antioxidant Ability of Alfalfa Seeds

This experiment was designed to determine the relationship between the antioxidant capacity and the vigour of alfalfa seeds during boron priming. Alfalfa seeds were primed with 1.8 % (W/V) concentration of borax solution for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h at 20°C. The results showed that the vigour of alfalfa seeds declined with the extension of priming time, which was closely related to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents and the decrease of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. The radicle might be the most sensitive site to boron priming in alfalfa seeds, but the boron-induced damage might be alleviated during alfalfa seeds’ germination.

Penggunaan Boraks Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Substrat Serat Aren untuk Hidroponik Tomat

<p>Palm fiber from palm flour industries waste often causes problems when used as a planting medium such as easy to decompose. The plants used are tomatoes, because of their low production due to the use of fertilizers and planting media that are not yet right. One of the cultivation techniques that is expected to improve yields and quality of tomatoes is hydroponics. The research aimed to knowing the effect of borax on palm fiber decomposition after it is used for tomato cultivation. The research was carried out at Greenhouse B Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta from January-July 2019. The method used was Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the soaking time of the palm fiber substrate in the borax solution 10% of concentration, which is 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. The second factor was the variety of tomato varieties, namely Servo and Ken Dedes. The results showed that soaking treatment not significantly affected to almost all observed variables and tomato varieties not significantly affected to the growth and yield.</p>

Influence of priming with exogenous boron on the seed vigour of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Alfalfa seeds were primed with 0, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 1.2 %, 2.4 % and 4.8 % (W/V) concentration of borax solution for 0 (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 20°C. The results showed that the vigour of alfalfa seeds were very significantly (P less than 0.01) related to boron concentration, priming time and their interaction, they were enhanced by the opportune concentration of boron priming, but were restrained by high concentration of boron. Priming with 0.1 % boron for 6 h was the best treatment for using to improve the seed vigour of alfalfa.

THE FEATURES OF BLOOD SUPPLY OF CORPUS CALLOSUM AND THE STRUCTURE OF ITS HEMOMICROCIRCULATORY CHANNEL

Today we know the location of the sources of arterial blood delivery to the corpus callosum and we can approximately say, where are situated the venous vessels that the blood outflows from it to, but it is absolutely unknown, what is the intermediate link – the blood microcirculatory channel. Aim of research. The aim of our research is in identification of the ways of venous outflow from corpus callosum and in clarification of the principle of structural organization of its hemomicrocirculatory channel. Materials and methods. In the work are used the median total preparations of the corpus callosum (together with septum pellucidum and cerebral fornix formations) of 10 men 36–60 years old. Histological paraffin sections, colored by hematoxylin and eosin and according to Van-gieson were made of these preparations, and the methods of plastination of the corpus callosum tissues in epoxy resin with further creation of polished sections of different width and serial fine sections of blocs, for which coloration served the 1 % solution of blue methene for 1% borax solution, were also used. Results. It was established, that the arterial microvessels, starting from vascular plexus that covers the upper surface of corpus callosum, penetrate it as arterioles along interfunicular connective tissue septs that divide its commissural funicles between them. The arterioles are prolonged directly in venous microvessels that can be related to gathering venules. These direct microvascular communications, coming through the thickness of corpus callosum, can be named perforating arteriolovenular anastomoses. The aforesaid collector venules, localized in the lowest sections of interfunicular interlayers, are the direct inflows of venous channel of septum pellucidum. In general system of blood supply of corpus callosum the main arteries on the one side and the veins of septum pellucidum – on the other, are not accompanied by the vessels of opposite type. Conclusions. The blood microcirculatory channel of corpus callosum is the complexly branched in its thickness net of resistive, metabolic and capacitive microvessels, placed on the running way between arterial channel of soft cerebral tunic that covers the upper surface of corpus callosum and collector veins of septum pellucidum, situated below it. The direct shunting tracts between them are perforating arteriolovenular anastomoses.

EFFECT OF DISCHARGE TIME ON PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC BOROCARBONITRIDING OF PURE IRON

The plasma electrolytic borocarbonitriding (PEB/C/N) process on pure iron was carried out in 25% borax solution with glycerine and carbamide additives under different discharge time at 360[Formula: see text]V. The morphology and structure of PEB/C/N hardened layers were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The hardness profiles of hardened layers were measured by microhardness test. Corrosion behavior of PEB/C/N layers was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Their wear performance was carried out using a pin-disc friction and wear tester under dry sliding test. The PEB/C/N samples mainly consisted of [Formula: see text]-Fe, Fe2B, Fe3C, FeN, FeB, Fe2O3 and Fe4N phases, and the Fe2B phase was the dominant phase in the boride layer. It was found that the thickness of boride layer increased with the discharge time and reached 14[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m after 60[Formula: see text]min treatment. The microhardness of the boride layer was up to 2100[Formula: see text]HV, which was much higher than that of the bare pure iron (about 150[Formula: see text]HV). After PEB/C/N treatment, the corrosion resistance of pure iron was slightly improved. The friction coefficient of PEB/C/N treated pure iron decreased to 0.129 from 0.556 of pure iron substrate. The wear rate of the PEB/C/N layer after 60[Formula: see text]min under dry sliding against ZrO2 ball was only 1/10 of that of the bare pure iron. The PEB/C/N treatment is an effective way to improve the wear behavior of pure iron.

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC BOROCARBURIZED LAYERS ON Q235 LOW-CARBON STEEL AT DIFFERENT DISCHARGE VOLTAGES

The influence of applied voltage on the plasma electrolytic borocarburizing (PEB/C) layer of Q235 low-carbon steel in high-concentration borax solution was investigated. XRD and XPS spectra of PEB/C layer confirmed that the modified boride layer mainly consisted of Fe2B phase, and the FeB phase only exists in the loose top layer. The applied voltage on Q235 steel played a key role in determining the properties of hardened layers. The thickness and microhardness of boride layers increased with the increase of the applied voltage, which led to superior corrosion and wear resistances of Q235 low-carbon steel. The diffusion coefficient ([Formula: see text] of boride layer at 280, 300 and 330[Formula: see text]V increased with borocarburizing temperature and ranged from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/s to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/s. The activation energy ([Formula: see text] of boride layer growth during PEB/C treatment was only 52.83[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], which was much lower than that of the conventional boriding process.