Injuries and Use of Safety Equipment in Stand-up Paddle Boarding

Background: Stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) is a water sport that has gained in popularity. Still, very little is known about its injury profile. Purpose: To analyze the incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors for SUP-related injuries in mainly calm waters and the use of safety equipment. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The authors distributed an online survey that gathered information on characteristics, injury history over the past 12 months, use of (safety) equipment, and health issues of SUP riders in German-speaking countries. Results: A total of 438 participants completed the survey. The mean participant age was 45 years (range, 8-82 years), 48% were female athletes, and 19.6% took part in competitions. Over the past 12 months, 72 (17%) of 431 respondents experienced a SUP-related injury, resulting in an overall incidence rate (IR) of 1.95 injuries per 1000 hours of activity. Male competitive athletes using a hardboard had the highest risk of injury. The IR for competitive riders was higher (3.21 injuries per 1000 hours) than that for recreational riders (1.41 injuries per 1000 hours). Mechanisms of injury were overuse (n = 29) and contact with the board (n = 18) or ground (n = 12). Injuries affected mainly muscles/tendons and joints of the upper arm/shoulder (n = 20), followed by wrist/hand (n = 18), knee (n = 16), elbow/forearm (n = 12), and foot (n = 11). The highest risk of injury occurred when paddling in wild water (33.3%), followed by SUP surfing (29.4%), and the lowest risk occurred while paddling on a lake (16.1%). A life vest was always used by 27, depending on the situation by 201, and never by 202 participants; a leash was always used by 161, depending on the situation by 244, and never by 26 participants. Of the 272 participants who paddled in winter, 253 wore a drysuit or wetsuit, whereas 19 paddled without any special clothing. Conclusion: SUP-related injuries predominantly happened in wild water or while SUP surfing, and male competitive athletes using a hardboard had the highest risk of injury. The main mechanisms of injury were overuse and hitting the board or ground. The upper extremity was more prone to injury, followed by the knee and foot. More effort should be made to educate paddlers on the necessity and correct use of the life vest, leash, and specialized outfits.

Effect of Thermal Processing on Flow Properties and Stability of Thickened Fluid Matrices Formulated by Tapioca Starch, Hydroxyl Distarch Phosphate (E-1442), and Xanthan Gum Associating Dysphagia-Friendly Potential

The flow behavior of the administrated fluid matrices demands careful assessments for stability when consumed by individuals with dysphagia. In the present study, we incorporated tapioca starch (TS), hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP), and xanthan gum (XG) as thickeners into different nectars (300 ± 20 mPa.s) undergoing thermal processing and evaluated their stability. The thickened nectars presented better water holding and oil binding capacities at 25 °C than 4 °C, and the nectars with TS provided the best results for both capacities as well as the highest solubility index and swelling power (p < 0.05). All prepared nectars appeared to be shear-thinning fluids with yield stress closely fitting the power law and Casson models. XG-containing nectars presented a higher yield stress and consistency index. Matrices thickened by HDP exhibited a higher viscoelastic property compared to those thickened by TS during thermal processing. TS nectars presented viscous behavior, whereas HDP and XG nectars presented elastic behavior at 80 °C processing. The 3 min thermal processing HDP nectars remained stable and met dysphagia-friendly requirements under 4 °C storage for 28 days, regardless of the type of fluid base (distilled water, sport drink, or orange juice). The employed thickeners present adequate physicochemical properties to be potentially utilized for producing dysphagia-friendly formulations.

Effect of Thermal Processing on Flow Properties and Stability of Thickened Fluid Matrices Formulated by Tapioca Starch, Hydroxyl Distarch Phosphate (E-1442), and Xanthan Gum Associating Dysphagia-Friendly Potential

The flow behavior of the administrated fluid matrices demands careful assessments for stability as consumed by individuals with dysphagia. In the present study, we incorporate tapioca starch (TS), hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP), and xanthan gum (XG) as thickeners into different nectars (300&plusmn;20 mPa.s) undergoing thermal processing and evaluated their stability. The thickened nectars presented better water holding and oil binding capacities at 25 ℃ than 4 ℃, and the nectars with TS provided the best results for both capacities as well as the highest solubility index and swelling power (p&lt;0.05). All prepared nectars appeared to be shear-thinning fluids with yield stress closely fitting the power law and Casson models. XG-contained nectars presented a higher yield stress and consistency index. Matrices thickened by HDP exhibited a higher viscoelastic property compared to those thickened by TS during thermal processing. TS nectars presented viscous behavior, whereas HDP and XG nectars presented elastic behavior at 80 ℃ processing. The 3-min thermal processing HDP-nectars remained stable and met dysphagia-friendly requirements under 4 ℃ storage for 28 days regardless of the types of fluid bases (distilled water, sport drink, or orange juice). The employed thickeners present adequate physicochemical properties to be potentially utilized for producing dysphagia-friendly formulations.

Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema in an Active-Duty Female Triathlete

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a noncardiogenic form of acute pulmonary edema infrequently described in the general military literature. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Treatment is supportive. Knowledge of SIPE is important for the military physician and should remain a top differential for any patient presenting with acute pulmonary edema following a water sport. This is the case of a patient with SIPE occurring during the swim portion of a Half Ironman Triathlon.

Analisis Pengelolaan Water Sport Event sebagai Destinasi Wisata Olahraga di Danau Ranau Kab. Oku Selatan Prov. Sumatera Selatan

ABSTRACT Analysis of the Management of Water Sports Events as a Sports Tourism Destination in Ranau Lake, South Oku Regency, South Sumatra Province. The focus of research is to discuss the formulation of the problem and the purpose of this study are: a) To study and analyze how to plan the implementation process and evaluation of the implementation of water sports events in Lake Ranau District. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. b) To study and analyze how the implementation of water sports events in the District. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. c) provide an alternative strategic policy that can be done to optimize the planning process to the implementation of water sports events in the Regency. South OKU, South Sumatra Province. With data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data analysis model used is the SWOT analysis method (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats). This study population transferred 30 people consisting of the community and the organization in the Lake Ranau area. This research is expected to offer alternative strategies for optimizing, planning and implementing water sports events. KEY WORDS: Management, Water Sport Event (WSE), Destination Lake Ranau

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIN SWIMMING INSTRUCTION PACKAGE FOR NAVAL CADETS ACADEMY

Instruction package is a learning instruction containing teaching material directed at the achievement of instructional objectives to be given to educators and students, which includes lesson plans, lesson programs, educational and training books, student exercise books, testing tools and a list of instructional tools. In military education lecturers or educators must be able to provide and present material well and it is hoped that cadets can apply it when practical training is carried out. Therefore PI is very necessary for the success of a practice exercise. Cadets is a soldier of the Naval Academy students as individuals who are guided, cared for, assisted and trained until they become officers. Fin swimming is a water sport activity that is carried out by a swimmer by using a mask, snorkel and fins equipment, to be able to dive, move faster in water and last longer on the surface of the water. In this research, the formulation of the problem examined is what factors need to be developed to improve the quality of PI Fin Swimming in order to help facilitate the understanding of Naval Cadets Academy with sub-problems are the feasibility of the content, linguistic aspects, presentation aspects and graphic aspects. The research instrument used in the questionnaire was closed and open questions. Data analysis is carried out through the process of triangulating data and information obtained when conducting research or direct observation. The respondents were cadets of Level IV Naval Academy, Teaching Materials Expert, Head of the Physical Department. The selection of respondents is done by purposive random sampling technique. The factors that must be corrected from each item aspects are as follows: aspects of the appropriateness of contents or material that are generally included in the good category, sub-aspects that get enough votes from respondents are conformity with the development of science and technology and examples are quite varied and applicable but not yet can motivate more cadets to find more appropriate movement techniques during learning, linguistic aspects are generally included in the good category, sub-aspects that get sufficient assessment from respondents are the clarity of information conveyed and are quite interactive so that cadets still have difficulty understanding even more so when studied by themselves, aspects of the presentation in general are included in either category, sub-aspects that get less assessment from the respondent is the column of learning material summary, aspects of graphics in general. The results of the evaluation were followed up by developing a PI and respondents were asked to provide a response. The responses of each respondent can be concluded in general that the PI Fin Swimming results of the development were good and fulfilled every aspect of the PI as a teachingmaterial for Cadets.Keywords: Instruction Package, Cadets, Development, Fin Swimming

Ventricular tachycardia recorded in a competitive swimmer using Confirm Rx™ loop recorder

Conventional ambulatory heart rhythm monitoring is limited in its ability to provide rapid diagnosis of arrhythmias in athletes participating in water or high-intensity sports. This case report is of a 17-year-old female competitive swimmer who underwent loop recorder implantation with Confirm Rx™ ICM 3500 (Abbott, Minneapolis, MN) to monitor for arrhythmias during swimming. The purpose of this case report is to describe the utility of implantable loop recorders in arrhythmia diagnosis and symptom evaluation in water sport athletes.