European Experience in Organization of Military Libraries in the Russian Empire

Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the area of use of the experience of military libraries in Europe, the article for the first time examines the ways of studying it and the forms of implementation when establishing military libraries in the Russian Empire. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of Europe on the military librarianship in Russia.The author collected data from dozens of pre-revolutionary publications, articles from the military periodical press and regulatory documents that allowed to characterize the source base of the study as representative.The article presents the history of military libraries of European states. The results of research show that the main ways to obtain information about them were: the study of foreign military literature and the military periodical press; analysis of regulatory and legal documents (statutes, rules, manuals, regulations, catalogues) regulating the activities of these libraries; foreign business trips of officers and generals in order to familiarize themselves with the structure and functioning of foreign armies and their libraries; reports of Russian military agents; participation in international exhibitions of books and textbooks.The author revealed dozens of articles indicating that the experience of creating and operating of military libraries abroad was widely covered in the Russian military periodical press. The military Department of Russia closely followed these processes, adopting and implementing the best and useful of them taking into account Russian realities. The study of the creation of military libraries in Europe became a prerequisite for their organization in Russia. The European experience was reflected in the ways of budgeting and acquisition, in the forms of management and supervision over them, the formation of regulatory framework and in the variety of their types.The conducted research expanded the understanding of the state of military librarianship in European countries, about the ways of studying their experience by the Russian military Department and the forms of its practical application in the structure of military libraries of the Russian Empire.

hero in contemporary revolutionary and military literature: a typology of characters

The relevance of the issue stems from the urgent need to analyse with the help of the latest methods the new phenomena of modern Ukrainian literature, in particular the block of its revolutionary and military prose as one of the directions of modern literature. The aim of the work is to develop and thoroughly analyse the works of 2014-2020 dedicated to the Revolution of Dignity and the war in Eastern Ukraine, to study their genre nature, to clarify their characteristic features and to create a new typology of the modern literary hero. Among the main methods for processing diary texts were historical-biographical, comparative historical, comparative, structural-narratological, interdisciplinary, as well as elements of hermeneutical, intertextual methods, text and discourse analysis, etc. The paper provides a detailed analysis and proposes a new typology of the modern literary hero. The materials of the study can be used to prepare basic and special courses on the theory of literature, the history of Ukrainian and foreign literature, while working on manuals and textbooks, including those for higher education institutions, etc.

hero in contemporary revolutionary and military literature

The relevance of the issue stems from the urgent need to analyse with the help of the latest methods the new phenomena of modern Ukrainian literature, in particular the block of its revolutionary and military prose as one of the directions of modern literature. The aim of the work is to develop and thoroughly analyse the works of 2014-2020 dedicated to the Revolution of Dignity and the war in Eastern Ukraine, to study their genre nature, to clarify their characteristic features and to create a new typology of the modern literary hero. Among the main methods for processing diary texts were historical-biographical, comparative historical, comparative, structural-narratological, interdisciplinary, as well as elements of hermeneutical, intertextual methods, text and discourse analysis, etc. The paper provides a detailed analysis and proposes a new typology of the modern literary hero. The materials of the study can be used to prepare basic and special courses on the theory of literature, the history of Ukrainian and foreign literature, while working on manuals and textbooks, including those for higher education institutions, etc.

Strategy and Control

Chapter 3 makes use of the military literature to identify, analyze, and contrast different models of efficacious action in early China. These models intend not to reflect purist and transcendent ways of action. They are a description of the possible solutions to the problem of efficacious action found in our extant military materials. There are certain attitudes that can be better understood under the rubric of a particular model (or meta-model) of agency. Sometimes we need to do the work of assembling these attitudes together and endowing them with a name. At other times, the attitudes are found already conceptualized as a model of action in the texts themselves. Overall, discourses on military agency address situations that can potentially be controlled, even if partially, such as devising strategies to win a battle.

Professional culture of future border guard officers: stages of formation

The article outlines the importance of forming a professional culture of future Border Guard officers, which regulates their behavior and professional duties and determines officers’ interaction with the world around them. The study reveals the ways of forming professional culture of the cadets of higher military educatonal institution in ceveral stages: familiarization (I year), formation (II year), realisation (III year), individualization (IV year). The authors sustantiate the expediency of studying the history of socio-political thought and modern military literature by cadets at the second stage of professional culture formation. At the third stage the major importance is given to the formation of skills to work with information and countering enemy propaganda. At the fourth stage it is proposed to form knowledge and skills to counter hostile information influences, using project and research methods, conduct professional communication, study the problems of leadership and management of the border guard unit, develop future Border Guard officers creative thinking.

Considerations Regarding the Possibility of Implementing a Model for the Evaluation of the Level of Cadets’ Physical Training

The analysis of military conflicts in the latter part of the twentieth century has led to a revision of ideas about the concept of physical training in modern armies in Europe and America. The dimensions of the scientific and technical revolution show that the power of military imposition depends on the intensive technologies of knowledge, and physical training has been redefined as an urgent need in the training of the military and placed in its proper place. Not only is it no longer neglected, but, as if more than ever, from the data provided by foreign military literature, it is clear that the training of the fighter begins and ends with physical exercises. Military specialists say that in increasing combat capability, physical condition comes immediately after the technical and tactical experience in terms of importance, representing 20-30 % of the time allocated to training for combat. This orientation includes the theory of the training practice of future students in the Land Forces Academy, the assessment of the level of physical training being an essential objective in the training system.

Russian and Dungan literature about war: comparative aspect

The article presents a comparative characteristic of Russian and Dungan literature about the Second World War. The author has used a large amount of text material, historical sources and facts. The article analyzes the problematic and thematic analogies of Dungan and Russian authors, the impact of Russian writers on Dungan authors is proved. Russian and Dungan literature of the twentieth century about the war demonstrated the actualization of heroism and patriotism. The author of the article determined that the reason why heroism became a common theme of Dungan and Russian military literature is that, in addition to describing the military situation, they demonstrate popular patriotism. The article emphasizes that over time, Russian military literature has changed its focus of attention, shifting it from describing military scenes to depicting the inner world of characters. This made it possible to understand the value of human life in the context of war. The theme of war is combined in the works with the thought of humanism. Moral research has become the main narrative strategy of Russian and Dungan military literature. Dungan military literature is consistent with Russian literature and expresses compassion for man, depicts the life of people in war conditions. The author of the article believes that the central idea of the military works of Dungan and Russian authors is to depict human compassion. The author of the article emphasized that the problem of war orphans typologically unites Russian and Dungan writers, and the influence of Russian writers on Dungan writers is also obvious. The article emphasizes that many works of Russian and Dungan literature recreate the war through the eyes of women and children who were innocent victims, their images reveal the terrible nature of the era, its inhumanity. The writers combined the description of heroism with the description of the tragedy of war, revealed the enormous mental trauma inflicted by the war, and investigated the fate of ordinary people in the war. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the common features of Dungan literature about war and the works of Russian writers of the twentieth century on this topic are that they do not directly describe military actions, but focus their attention on the tragic impact of war on human destiny. Dungan writers, following Russian authors, discovered the value of life and rejection of war.

Plasma flow distal to tourniquet placement provides a physiological mechanism for tissue salvage

Military literature has demonstrated the utility and safety of tourniquets in preventing mortality for some time, paving the way for increased use of tourniquets in civilian settings, including perioperatively to provide a bloodless surgical field. However, tourniquet use is not without risk and the subsequent effects of tissue ischemia can impede downstream rehabilitative efforts to regenerate and salvage nerve, muscle, tissue and bone in the limb. Limb ischemia studies in both the mouse and pig models have indicated not only that there is residual flow past the tourniquet by means of microcirculation, but also that recovery from tissue ischemia is dependent upon this microcirculation. Here we expand upon these previous studies using portable Near-Infrared Imaging to quantify residual plasma flow distal to the tourniquet in mice, pigs, and humans and leverage this flow to show that plasma can be supersaturated with oxygen to reduce intracellular hypoxia and promote tissue salvage following tourniquet placement. Our findings provide a mechanism of delivery for the application of oxygen, tissue preservation solutions, and anti-microbial agents prior to tourniquet release to improve postoperative recovery. In the current environment of increased tourniquet use, techniques which promote distal tissue preservation and limb salvage rates are crucial.