When the sense of place value is challenged by pandemic: value exchange in indigenous community-based tourism in Sade-Lombok, Indonesia

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate problems that emerged in indigenous community-based tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify the actors involved and to identify values that were exchanged between actors during the pandemic. This research is crucial given the limited studies around indigenous community-based tourism during the pandemic, especially within the perspectives of value exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach This research used a constructionist paradigm with a qualitative case study design. Data collection included interviews with six participants, virtual observation, an open-ended questionnaire to 22 community members and 20 tourists, analysis of a book written by Sade’s customary chief and social media artifacts. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, where physical distancing measures were applied, therefore most data were collected remotely. Purposive sampling was used and research credibility was increased through detailed note taking, data sources triangulation and member checking. Data analysis was conducted with a coding process, which involved continuous iterations. Findings Problems identified were decreased revenue and power disadvantage suffered by indigenous community-based tourism. The actors involved in value exchanges varied, including value supporter (i.e. government, private sector such as television, university), value creator (i.e. tourist) or secondary value provider (i.e. travel agent). Values emerged in the interaction between actors in the network. Changes in value exchanges were in terms of value types, relationship intensity between actors and ways of doing the exchange. Non-human factor (i.e. non-actor) was also involved. Research limitations/implications Due to restrictive circumstances (i.e. COVID-19 pandemic), the data collection procedure was limited to online communications and letter correspondence. Therefore, opportunities to capture the full phenomenon might be missed as the researchers could not physically meet with the participant. Practical implications It was possible for value exchange to alter due to situational factors, including a pandemic. Business diversification is needed by indigenous community-based tourism to achieve a power advantage. Values were found in the relationship between actors, hence, meeting channels or dialogue with other actors could be optimized. Originality/value The context of this study, which was indigenous community-based tourism during a pandemic contributed to the study’s originality. Research in this context, which used a clear theoretical framework such as value exchange theory, is scarce. Thus, opportunities for transferability are broad.

Virtual Observation: Conducting Contextual Inquiry Remotely

This past year, there have been challenges conducting research in person due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While many types of projects have been successfully converted to virtual approaches with relative ease, observational research and hands-on work with medical devices and technology have proven to be more difficult. In this article we will discuss: (1) Traditional observational research approaches; (2) Pros and cons of three virtual observational approaches; (3) Two case studies: Home Health Infusions and Preparing/Administering Intravenous (IV) Chemotherapy; (4) and Considerations for going virtual. In our conclusion, we reflect on the need for observational research, point out the strengths of conducting research in phases, and provide tips for success.

Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Traditional Observation Versus Virtual Observation

One of the most important stages in preservice teacher training is the student teaching experience. The university supervisor (US) plays an integral role in this developmental stage by maintaining a connection between the cooperating teacher, student teacher (ST), and the university. While the traditional method of observing STs has been found to be effective, universities are seeking alternative means of conducting teaching observations that alleviate time, distance, and financial constraints. One such option is virtual observation through video chat programs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine STs’ perceptions of the effectiveness and feasibility of virtual observation versus traditional observation in physical education teacher education (PETE). Results showed STs prefer virtual observation with a PE content expert over traditional visits if the US did not have PE content expertise. STs noted technological challenges such as Wi-Fi connectivity and environmental distraction with virtual observation. Benefits of virtual observation include increased ability to hear STs’ interactions with students, improved feedback potential, less travel time, and financial savings. Results of this study suggest that while traditional on-site observation visits are preferred and ideal, virtual observation is a viable alternative when technological challenges are appropriately addressed.

Strategi Sosialisasi Politik Virtual Pasangan Calon pada Pemilihan Umum Raya Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Negeri di Surabaya

Political socialization is an important part of the candidate pair's important role in gaining support. The application of virtual media of candidate pairs also determines the direction of the votes in each candidate pair. This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach with interview and virtual observation data collection techniques. The results of research and analysis conducted, showed that the candidate pairs mapped students through virtual media to convey their political strategies, then used each virtual media of the candidate pairs to socialize their superior programs that were different from other candidate pairs. So, the candidate pair in this case made a political socialization strategy on every virtual media to increase the votes in the contestation of the student highway elections. Keywords: political socialization, general elections, state universities in Surabaya, virtual ABSTRAK Sosialisasi politik menjadi bagian yang tak terlewatkan sebagai peran penting pasa-ngan calon dalam meraih dukungan. Penerapan media virtual pasangan calon turut menentukan arah suara pada setiap pasangan calon, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan observasi virtual. Hasil penelitian dan analisis yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa pasangan calon memetakan mahasiswa melalui media virtual untuk menyampaikan strategi politiknya, kemudian menggunakan setiap media virtual pasangan calon untuk men-sosialisasikan program unggulannya yang berbeda dengan pasangan calon lain. Jadi, pasangan calon dalam hal ini membuat strategi sosialisasi politik pada setiap media virtual untuk meningkatkan suara dalam kontestasi pemilihan umum raya mahasiswa. Kata kunci: sosialisasi politik, pemilihan umum, universitas negeri di Surabaya, virtual

NEGOTIATING TRADITION AND INNOVATION UPON THE CROSS-GENERATIONAL ART OF SINGIRAN (IMPROVISATION, CULTURAL IDENTITY AND MILLENNIAL COMMUNITY)

<p>This study, based on recent virtual observation, explores the process of cultural negotiations of singing <em>Singiran</em> among millennial. In addition, it also breaks down the strategies practiced by the <em>Singiran</em> musicians in introducing their artistic products into digital society. In this study, in addition to observing the lyrics and chords of <em>Singiran</em>, I interviewed Rijal Vertizon and his associates; the musicians who have popularity based on the number of their subscribers. The <em>Singiran</em> musicians regenerated the tradition of singing <em>Singiran</em> with innovation, especially upon the arrangement of the music, as well as developing a strategy to improve sounds and fulfill the aesthetic changes of populist Muslim markets and newly emerging millennial Muslim identities. In addition to reconstructing this traditional culture, <em>Singiran</em> musicians are interested in creating a positive image both for insiders and outsiders of Javanese cultures and reaching the larger Muslim community. My observations to the <em>Singiran's</em> enthusiasts show that innovative <em>Singiran</em> can play a role in shaping the cultural identity of the Javanese Millennial Muslim. In other perspective, it could be called as a new kind of local wisdom in contemporary Javanese life.</p>

Efficient global ionospheric modeling based on multi-source and massive observation data

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;Abstract&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; Ionosphere is an important error source of satellite navigation and a key component of space weather. With the rapid development of multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and other ionospheric research technologies, and the high precision and near real-time requirements for ionospheric products, it is necessary to carry out a research on multi-source data fusion, massive data processing and near-real-time solution of global ionosphere model (GIM); therefore, we modified the traditional ionospheric modeling technology and generate the GIM products (GIM/SHA). In view of the defect of ground-based GNSS data missing in the ocean regions, the method of adding virtual observation stations to the data missing regions in a large range was adopted, which not only enhanced the accuracy of the GIM in the ocean regions, but also avoided the weight determination among different data sources. In terms of near-real-time modeling, the multi-threaded parallel modeling strategy was adopted.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Four GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, BEIDOU, Galileo) observation data, eight virtual observation stations and a server with a CPU frequency of 2.1 GHz and 16 threads were utilized. It took less than 30 minutes to construct the GIM by using parallel modeling strategy, which was 10.3 times faster than serial modeling strategy. The accuracy of the GIM/SHA was verified by using the ionospheric products of International GNSS Service (IGS) Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) in the period of day of year (DOY) 200-365, 2019. Compared with the ionospheric products of CODE, ESA/ESOC, JPL, UPC, EMR, CAS and WHU, the vertical total electron content (VTEC) root mean squares (RMSs) were 1.09 TEC units (TECu), 1.51TECu, 2.32TECu, 1.88TECu, 2.24TECu, 1.25TECu and 1.38TECu, respectively. The result shows that the GIM/SHA have comparable accuracy with IGS ionospheric products. Satellite altimetry data was exploited to verify the accuracy of GIM/SHA in ocean regions, and it can be concluded that the accuracy of the GIM in ocean regions can be significantly reinforced by adding virtual observation stations in ocean regions. Multi-system and multi-frequency differential code bias (DCB) products (DCB/SHA) were simultaneously generated. Compared with IGS DCB products, the satellite DCB RMSs of DCB/SHA were 0.16ns for GPS, 0.08ns for GLONASS, 0.17ns for BEIDOU and 0.14ns for Galileo; the GNSS receiver DCB RMSs of DCB/SHA were 0.69ns for GPS, 1.06ns for GLONASS, 0.75 for BEIDOU and 1.03ns for Galileo. It can be proved that the accuracy of DCB/SHA are comparable to IGS DCB products.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;Keywords&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span&gt; Multi-GNSS; GIM; Virtual observation station; Near real-time; VTEC; DCB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

CONSTRUCTION AN OBSERVATION IN THE SHESTAKOV–SVIRIDYUK MODEL IN TERMS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL “WHITE NOISE” DISTORTION

The Shestakov–Sviridyuk model is a mathematical model of a measuring unit used to reconstruct a dynamically distorted signal with the help of experimental data. This model is also called the optimal dynamic measurement problem. The theory of optimal dynamic measurement is based on the problem of minimizing the difference between the values of a virtual observation obtained using a computational model and experimental data, usually distorted by some disturbances. The article describes the Shestakov–Sviridyuk model of optimal dynamic measurement in terms of various types of disturbances. It focuses on the preliminary stage of the study of the optimal dynamic measurement problem, namely, the Pyt’ev–Chulichkov method for constructing observation data, i. e. converting experimental data to clean them from disturbances in the form of “white noise”, which is understood as the Nelson–Glicklich derivative of the multidimensional Wiener process. To use this method, a priori information on the properties of the functions describing the observation, is used.