Clinical Methodology Quantifying the Emergence Profile Contour For Immediate Provisionalization: A Proposed Mathematical Model

Identifying the ideal position of the final restoration prior to implant surgery is essential for optimal aesthetics. Study of the emergence contour design of implant restorations has been limited. The aim of this report is to compile the factors which affect the final esthetic outcome and integrate those factors into an easy-to-use model. This geometric model includes a linear distance created by the placement of an implant platform in relation to the free gingival margin, and a circle representing the emergence profile to create an Emergence Curve. If this model is evaluated and available, a practitioner can make appropriate decisions based on 3-dimensional immediate implant concepts

Morphological characterization and germination of Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glass. (ARECACEAE)

The interest in Syagrus schizophylla as an ornamental palm tree and the demand for conservation and preservation of the species led to this research. The objective was to study the physiological characteristics of its germination at different temperatures, as well as the morphological and biometrical characterization of diaspores and seedlings at the initial stages of growth and development. The research was divided into two experiments. In the first one, the aim was to identify the water absorption phases of seeds during germination under five scarification treatments as follows: intact diaspores, scarified diaspores, diaspores with endocarp rupture and intact seeds. In the second experiment, germination was tested at 25, 30 e 25 - 35 ºC; the first germination count, seedling emergence, abnormal seedlings, non-germinated seeds, the emergence curve, the emergence speed index and the mean time of emergence were evaluated. Afterwards, the morphological and biometrical characteristics of diaspores and seedlings were described. The water absorption curve observed under the different scarification treatments showed different water absorption patterns. Emergence percentages were 53, 61 and 47% at 25, 30 and 25 - 35 ºC, respectively. The highest emergence speed index was obtained at 30 ºC. The mean time of emergence was 30 days, approximately, under all the temperatures tested. The diaspores showed a great variability in both shape and size, presenting a globular to ovoid shape with an average length of 2.44 cm and an average width of 1.39 cm. The germination can be classified as hypogeal crypto cotyledonal of the remote-tubular type.

Isolation of Lacustrine Basins and Marine Regression in the Kuujjuaq Area, Northern Québec, as Inferred from Diatom Analysis

ABSTRACT The Holocene sediment records of two lakes, located 50 km south of the Ungava Bay coast near Kuujjuaq have been examined using diatom analysis in order to trace basin isolation from marine influence. The succession of diatom zones clearly documents paleoenvironmental changes induced by glacio-isostatic uplift and regression of postglacial D'lberville Sea through consecutive periods of marine occupation, isolation from the sea and subsequent lacustrine conditions. Diatom analysis proved to be an effective tool in identifying the position of the isolation contact in the sediment columns and in defining the related changes in paleosalinity and isolation dynamics. Based on the Sedated isolation contacts and the threshold elevations of both lakes, a tentative emergence curve has been reconstructed which is in agreement with curves from adjacent areas. This allowed, for the first time, to infer trends in glacio-isostatic rebound and duration of marine submergence for an area from which paleogeographical data are almost entirely lacking. The curve shows that, following déglaciation about 7000 years ago, the Kuujjuaq area experienced continuous and rapid emergence in the order of 5.7-5.8 m/century until 4800-4300 years BP. Thereafter, emergence slowed to a rate of approximately 0.9 m/century. This study provides further evidence for the usefulness of diatom analysis in reconstructing sea-level changes and land uplift of formerly glaciated regions.

Is it necessary to soak rice grains to prepare Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 inoculum?

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects on the development of root rot on common bean, cv. 'Dufrix' after treatment with four volumes of water (0, 30%, 60%, and 90%, v/w) added to rice grains previously immersed in water for 24 hours before autoclaving and colonization of grains by Rhizoctoniasolani AG-4. Colonized rice grains and non-infested rice grains were mixed in pots with sterilized soil and sand (2:1), where beans were sown. Based on results of area under plant emergence curve, plant height, plant dry weight, and disease severity, we conclude that inoculum is more effective in causing disease when no water is added to the rice grains before autoclaving.

Holocene emergence at Cape Herschel, east-central Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada: implications for ice sheet configuration

Twenty-five radiocarbon age determinations on marine molluscs, basal organic pond sediments, charred remains in archeological sites, and a variety of other materials have allowed the construction of an emergence curve for Cape Herschel, east-central Ellesmere Island (78°35′N, 74°40′W). Only a narrow fringe of land is present between the Prince of Wales Icefield and Smith Sound, yet emergence of the order of 135 m has taken place during the last 8500–8700 radiocarbon years. The highest in situ shells were collected at an elevation of 107.5 m, and ages of 8470 ± 100 BP (GSC-3314) and 8230 ± 70 BP (TO-230) were obtained on this material.The spectacular and fresh-appearing glacial sculpture along both sides of Smith Sound, coupled with the rapid emergence in Holocene time and the fact that the oldest dates on marine shells at the fiord heads to the west are 3000–4000 years younger than those at Cape Herschel, provides convincing evidence that an ice stream filled Smith Sound (> 500 m deep) during the Late Wisconsinan glacial maximum. The Smith Sound Ice Stream drained southward from the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Innuitian Ice Sheet, which were confluent over Kane Basin, and it overrode the top of Pim Island (550 m asl). Massive melt-off of ice must have been occurring at the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene time, and this melting continued until the mid-Holocene, when all investigated outlet glaciers were behind their present positions.

Holocene Relative Sea-Level Fluctuations in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Québec, Canada

Between 7000 and 6000 yr B.P., relative sea level was as much as 5 m lower than today in the St. Lawrence estuary, Québec. A small transgression (Laurentian transgression) occurred between 5800 and 4400 yr B.P., which resulted in the construction of an 8- to 10-m terrace. About 3000 yr B.P., relative sea level was similar to present, and then a stillstand or a slight rise occurred during which a cliff (Micmac cliff) was cut into the emerged terrace. During a subsequent lowering of relative sea level (coastal emergence), a low aggradational terrace (Mitis terrace) was built between 2300 and 1500 yr B.P. at the base of the Micmac cliff. A new emergence curve for the south shore of the St. Lawrence estuary showing a mid-Holocene high stand of relative sea level is therefore proposed.

Radiocarbon dates from Cornwallis Island area, Arctic Canada—an interim report

New radiocarbon dates from the University of Washington's Quaternary Isotope Laboratory are given for Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, and these and other radiocarbon dates for the area are assembled in a diagram, including the envelope of a tentative emergence curve. Most of the new dates are derived from surface collections but appear to represent a consistent altitude–age relationship confirming the pattern of previously published dates for the general region.The oldest of the new Holocene dates on marine shells indicate that the Resolute Bay area began emerging by at least 9700 years BP. The highest well developed marine strandlines recognized to date are at an altitude of ca. 105 m. However, the postglacial marine limit is probably some 10 m or more higher. As in adjacent regions, early postglacial emergence was initially rapid, of the order of an average 8.3 m/100 years for the first recorded 75 m, then slowed to an average 0.5 m/100 years for the last 40 m.

Post-glacial uplift and substrate age at Cape Henrietta Maria, southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada

As a basis for future ecological and biogeographical studies, the post-glacial emergence history of Cape Henrietta Maria was required. This was obtained by fitting a post-glacial emergence curve to a number of radiocarbon dated marine strandlines of known elevation. Analysis shows that the elevation of lower samples is critical for a reasonable prediction of higher relative sea levels. This emergence curve suggests that during the last 1000 y uplift has been about 1.2 m per century. Extrapolation to likely dates of deglaciation (8000−7000 BP) indicates a maximum marine inundation of > 300 m. The current rate of uplift, and the hypothetical elevation of the marine limit are the highest estimations to date for eastern and arctic Canada and support the hypothesis that a center of uplift and ice-loading is situated in southeastern Hudson Bay and northern James Bay. The derived emergence curve was used to construct an isochrone map of Polar Bear Park, in eastern northern Ontario. This map provides the basis for future biological studies of community migration and succession and demonstrates that the uplift curve is a useful chronological tool.

EMERGENCE PATTERNS OF IPS CONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM PONDEROSA PINE

A total of 6995 summer generation Ips confusus (LeConte) adults was reared from logs of Pinus ponderosa Laws. under laboratory conditions. Emerging adults were collected every two hours throughout the day and their sex determined. Females predominated for the first eight days but the sex ratio at the end of 40 days was 1.18 ♀, ♀: 1 ♂. High differential loss of males before reproduction is discussed. From logs attacked in the spring 62.0% of the parent adults re-emerged. Large numbers of such parents capable of reproduction could greatly increase the severity of an infestation. Spring brood emergence totaled 67.64 beetles per sq. ft. of bark surface, while summer brood emergences from two different areas were 54.50 and 33.37 beetles per sq. ft. Above 72° F., peak male emergence occurs at the 10:00 a.m. or noon collection. Females exhibit a lesser peak in mid to late morning and a major peak in mid to late afternoon, but at temperatures below 72° F. a unimodal female emergence curve becomes apparent.