HYPOTHESES TESTING ON THE VALIDITY OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND COMMON MOTIF OF SELAYAH KERINGKAM

This paper is to deliberate the subjects of the effective communication channel in delivering common motifs in Selayah Keringkam by assessing the local and International tourists’ preference. It is to evaluate the hypotheses Testing On validity of Effective Communication and Common Motif of Selayah Keringkam Towards the communication channel. The finding of this paper is to enhance the implications on developing a significant way to disseminate Selayah Keringkam as a heritage product in Sarawak. This paper will expose a substantial relationship between the independent variables (Common Motif of Selayah Keringkam), the dependent variables (Channels of Communication) and the mediator (Supplement of Effective Communication) as a new framework to the body of knowledge. This research involved 384 respondents with 5 relevant authorities related to answering research questions. The data collected from the fieldwork were analysed using SPSS version 24. The measures used in this article are methodically deliberated using factor analysis and correlation analysis. Lastly, the results of the regression analyses testing on hypotheses and summary of hypotheses assessments are presented.

ANALYSIS OF GRASSROOTS INNOVATION PRACTICE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Grassroots innovation is an activity that uses multiple resources or indigenous technology to create an innovation more creatively. The innovations are often utilised to improvise the community and environment. The invented product or process is created at the bottom of the pyramid due to necessities, difficulties, and challenges. Malaysia thrives to become a high income developed nation through several initiatives, such as lifelong learning and innovation. Malaysians are encouraged to undertake education programmes to enhance knowledge and skills. These grassroots activities need to be discovered as they affect income and social values. The local grassroots innovators have difficulty commercialising the innovations due to a lack of skills, knowledge, and technology. This study aimed to identify the grassroots innovations, the process in developing innovation, and complement the innovation towards commercialisation. Local innovators adapt to the new product development process as a mutual understanding and for grassroots sustainable development.

THE DUSUN TINDAL RESIDENTS OF LASAU TINTAPON IN KOTA BELUD, SABAH, A TRADITION OF USING ARTEFACT TAJAU

This research looked into the use of artefact tajau as one of the Dusun Tindal counting traditions. In addition, this report will clarify how this native used the term tajau a century ago. This research also employs a qualitative approach fieldwork method with sources being interviewed to gather evidence. The researcherwas taken to the study site by an informant who is an expert and a traditional chief in the village. This approach is employed so that the researcher can analyze and comprehend the study’s use of the tajau in greater detail. Futhermore, this research demonstrates that tajau has been used since the first war until thepresent century.

THE DOCUMENTATION OF SELAYAH KERINGKAM EMBROIDERY PROCESS IN SARAWAK

This study aims to investigate theprocess of Selayah Keringkam embroidery inSarawak as well as understanding the intricacy ofart and expertise in producing the Keringkamembroidery that is now becoming the status ofMalay women in Sarawak. This study wasconducted to examine several types andprocessing stages of Selayah Keringkam, thus, tounderstand expertise in producing SelayahKeringkam embroidery in more depth in order tomaintain the uniqueness of Keringkam art for thepeople of Sarawak. The study involved Malaywomen in Sarawak who have experiences inprocessing and styling Keringkam. Theinformation obtained in order to meet theobjectives of this study was taken from websitesand journals that have been published and studiedfurther through research methodology andprevious studies. Research data were analyzedand displayed quantitatively and qualitatively.From the findings of this study, there are variousSelayah Keringkam embroidery processes thathave been researched and recorded in archives,journals and articles related to Keringkam.

VISUAL EXPERIENTIAL IN DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION FOR RURAL TOURISM PROMOTION OF BA’KELALAN, SARAWAK

This paper aims to share some research information based on the visual experiences during the field trip to Ba’Kelalan, Sarawak. Ba’Kelalan is a traditional village of the Lun Bawang community and is well-known as an eco-tourism area in Sarawak. All the experiences were documented using the digital documentation tools and have been recorded with reference to the formalistic artistic methods; in ensuring the visual effects have the best quality and high artistic value. The results will be discussed based on the implemented process and the impact of digital document preparation through experiential learning theory. Next, this article will provide new ideas and visual insights that can help data enhancement, especially in the promotion of the rural tourism sector.

CHALLENGES OF HANDICRAFT PRODUCTS MARKETING AND PROMOTION AMONGST IBAN ENTREPRENEURS IN SARAWAK

The main objective of this study was to examine challenges faced by handicraft marketing in implementing product promotion strategies amongst Iban entrepreneurs in Sarawak. This study specifically focused on strategy, the effectiveness of the strategy, and the challenges in implementing the promotion strategy. Fieldwork was carried out at several locations in Kapit and Song district. The data were collected through open-ended questionnaires by email and followed by face-to-face interviews with the respondents. The result showed that personal selling is the effective strategy and the other promotion strategies through public relations. Social media like Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, personal selling, and trade fairs are not commonly applicable. Government negligence, exploitation, lack of training, lack of financial support, lack of promotion assistance from stakeholders, expensive working tools, and lack of ownership to the working places were the most critical challenges these marketing strategies face, especially in the rural area. Other striking results included that the handicraft sector is dominated by owners and operators with low education levels and is also attracting extremely few youngsters, which threatens its future sustainability. The study recommends that the government come up with support or policies that would create an environment for all stakeholders, including financial institutions, training institutions, and NGOs, to lend a helping hand in promoting skills development in the area. It also calls for the promotion of Iban entrepreneurs' handcraft marketing and products.

AWARENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA BASIS AS A PROMOTIONAL MEDIUM FOR KULINTANGAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF SUNGAI TRIBES AT PAITAN

This article discussed the awareness level of Sungai Tribes on using social media as a promotional medium for Kulintangan traditional music at Paitan. This study used a Quantitative approach through a survey of 377 people who expert in playing Kulintangan traditional music and owned various social media (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and WhatsApp). Based on the findings, the level of awareness of the Paitan cult on promoting Kulintangan via social media is moderate with a total average mean of 3.154 with a 1.302 standard deviation. The awareness of Sungai tribes on the usage of social media is more inclined to Whatsapp (ranking number 1 in overall mean and percentages) followed by Facebook, Instagram, and Youtube. Sungai tribes were also found to rarely share the Kulintangan music on social media account. Therefore, the SABAS and Sungai cult should increase the sharing of Kulintangan music via Whatsapp.

THE STUDY OF MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE IBAN COMMUNITY IN SARAWAK: NGEPAN

Cultural identity is a specific word that refers to individuals and communities in distinguishing themselves from others. One of the most dominant identities in a community culture is traditional clothing. In Sarawak, the traditional dress for the Iban is commonly known as Ngepan Indu. The Ngepan Indu is often worn during the Gawai Dayak celebration season as well as several other ritual ceremonies such as the Miring ceremony (Offerings) and Melah Pinang (Marriage). The Iban community believes that the Ngepan Iban is an identity and cultural icon in today's customs. Apart from that, Ngepan Iban is one of the treasures and legacies of Petara (God) who inhabited a kingdom called Panggau Libau, Tinting Gawai Gasing Gerah Layang so that Iban always remembered Petara and the origin of Iban's ancestors. This paper aims to analyze and understand the Ngepan Indu in the context of the custom and culture of the Iban community by using the qualitative research method based on the collective memory of the Iban cultural experts in Sarawak. Through this research, it is expected to have an effective and progressive impact to regenerate the spirit of Iban culture to continue persistently preserve the Ngepan Iban as a cultural heritage from the ancestors of the past, so that it will continue to be preserved for the future.

SaraGuVRA : PEMETAAN VISUAL REALITI MAYA 360° SECARA KREATIF MENERUSI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL

Artikel ini khususnya mengetengahkan kebolehgunaan visual realiti maya 360 darjah (360°) yang dihasilkan melalui pemetaan visual secara kreatif menerusi teknologi digital, yang dapat memudahkan urusan navigasi atau merasai pengalaman penerokaan lokasi pelancongan secara maya oleh pengguna dalam kehidupan masa kini. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji keupayaan teknologi digital yang berupaya mengubah elemen fotografi, videografi dan grafik menjadi data serta visual secara kreatif melalui eksplorasi pemetaan lokasi yang dijalankan di Taman Negara Bako dan Teluk Melano, Sarawak. Teknologi digital melalui kaedah pemetaan yang menjana visual kreatif menerusi sentuhan elemen interaktiviti dalam memaparkan lokasi maya dapat mewujudkan gambaran kehadiran dan beradaan secara nyata pengguna di persekitaran yang belum dilawati secara fizikal. Hasil dari eksplorasi visual kreatif menggunakan pelantar teknologi digital, model percubaan pemetaan visual reality maya 360° dengan nama SaraGuVRA (Sarawak Guided Virtual Reality Assistant) telah diterjemahkan bagi dirujuk oleh penyelidik untuk tujuan navigasi reality maya secara digital pengguna dalam maklumat awal berkaitan dengan lokasi yang ingin dituju menerusi pemetaan visual reality maya 360° secara kreatif yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pelancongan oleh mereka jika hasil penyelidikan iaitu navigasi ini berjaya direalisasikan.

THE UNIQUENESS OF THE MOTIF DESIGN IN THE COMMUNITY OF UMA UKIT BELAGA, SARAWAK

This article discusses the Uma Ukit Koyan community's unique motifs as well as the function of motifs using a qualitative method approach by conducting online interviews with residents of the Uma Ukit Koyan in Belaga, Sarawak. Based on the findings, it was found the motifs of Uma Ukit are inspired by natural elements of flora and fauna, as well as beliefs passed down through generations. Their motifs were known as hudok, such as hudok sengiro, hudok Asok/asu, hudok pusung tubak, and hudok lino/kelunan. These motifs can be found most prominently in bukui (traditional women's jewelry), singau (traditional hats), and avet (traditional carrying bag for baby). Most of the hudok created for royal descent even motifs hudok senggiro that created at avet is for babies of royal descent. The Community is also known by Ruai and has been called "Weihago" and "Letikan" which is created from rattan. One of the walls at Uma Ukit is inspired by the Sarawak vase. Finally, the motifs that inspired the Uma Ukit community were heavily influenced by aspects of their culture and life. This research is also very important in preserving the heritage so that it can be inherited by the next generation, as well as indirectly highlighting art in the world that is not limited to the Sarawak community.