coptidis rhizoma
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ya Ma ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Jing Shi

Abstract Along with cognitive deficit, behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) is another characteration of Alzheimer's disease that hamper clinical management and exacerbate burden for caregivers. However, therapeutic management of BPSD remains challenging. HuanglianJiedu decoction (HLJDD), a traditional Chinese prescription which contains Coptidis rhizome(Huang lian), Scutellariae radix (Huang-qin), Phellodendri chinrnsis cortex (Huang-bai) and Gardeniae fructus (Zhi-zi), is applied to treat BPSD. So elucidating the herbs’ disease-matched pharmacological mechanisms underlying HLJDD, further put forward each herbs’ disease-matched combination are critical to the application of HLJDD. In this study, network pharmacology was used to determine the targets and biological processes regulated by HLJDD in the treatment of BPSD. Moreover, molecular docking was utilized to evaluate the binding activity between the herbs' main active ingredients and neurotransmitter receptors. The results showed that the KEGG signaling pathway of HLJDD in treating BPSD mainly lies in TNF signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Scutellariae radix and Phellodendri chinrnsis cortex exhibited better anti-BPSD effects when compared to Coptidis rhizoma and Gardeniae fructus. Scutellariae radix exhibited superior anti-neuroinflammation functions, with better blood vessel regulation effects. Phellodendri chinrnsis cortex showed a higher binding affinity to the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A). Coptidis rhizoma and Gardeniae fructus were better in neuronal signaling. In conclusion, for treating BPSD, Scutellariae radix and Phellodendri chinrnsis cortex are the principal herbs while Coptidis rhizoma and Gardeniae fructus are the ancillary herbs. Beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, chelerythrine, campesterol and berberine are the potential effective ingredients in treating BPSD.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luying He ◽  
Man Chen ◽  
Qilian Liang ◽  
Yitao Wang ◽  
Wen Tan

Cancer is a serious disease with an increasing number of reported cases and high mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer defines a group of cancers in the digestive system, e.g., liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma (C. Rhizoma; Huanglian, in Chinese) is a classical Chinese medicinal botanical drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activity, including antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies on C. Rhizoma present significant progress on its anticancer effects and the corresponding mechanisms as well as its clinical applications. Herein, keywords related to C. Rhizoma, cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and omics were searched in PubMed and the Web of Science databases, and more than three hundred recent publications were reviewed and discussed. C. Rhizoma extract along with its main components, berberine, palmatine, coptisine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, oxyepiberberine, oxyberberine, dihydroberberine, columbamine, limonin, and derivatives, are reviewed. We describe novel and classic anticancer mechanisms from various perspectives of pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmaceutics. Researchers have transformed the chemical structures and drug delivery systems of these components to obtain better efficacy and bioavailability of C. Rhizoma. Furthermore, C. Rhizoma in combination with other drugs and their clinical application are also summarized. Taken together, C. Rhizoma has broad prospects as a potential adjuvant candidate against cancers, making it reasonable to conduct additional preclinical studies and clinical trials in gastrointestinal cancer in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shuhan Zhou ◽  
Xiaohui Xu ◽  
Jiangqin Zeng ◽  
Zhiyi Liu ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
...  

Lianpu drink (LPD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), and its clinical effects have been effectively verified. However, due to the complexity of the chemical composition of TCM formulas, its mechanism of action has not yet been clearly explained. Many studies have shown that the principal drugs in the TCM formula play a major therapeutic role. Therefore, in this study, the principal drugs Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (MOR) in LPD were used as the main research objects to predict the mechanism of LPD on CG. We contrasted a “compounds-targets-diseases” network and screened the putative targets of CR and MOR in LPD related to CG, respectively. Furthermore, common targets of CR and MOR related to CG were selected as candidate targets. In this study, the specific target proteins of CR, MOR, and CG were combined by protein-protein interaction (PPI) to construct a pharmacological network of “components-targets-diseases.” In addition, we investigated the effects of CR and MOR on the TNF signaling pathway, which mediated the remission of CG. This study preliminarily revealed that CR and MOR play a key role in the treatment of CG. Animal experiments also showed that CR and MOR could significantly improve CG by inhibiting MKK6/p38 and RIP/p38 pathway.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Liang ◽  
Lurong Zhang ◽  
Guorong Jiang ◽  
Xuanyi Chen ◽  
Yang Zong ◽  
...  

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a serious and chronic complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus, which brings a heavy burden to individuals and society. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered a complementary and alternative therapy for DGP patients. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, HL) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, BX) combined as herb pair have been frequently used in TCM prescriptions, which can effectively treat DGP in China. In this article, a practical application of TCM network pharmacological approach was used for the research on herb pair HL-BX in the treatment of DGP. Firstly, twenty-seven potential active components of HL-BX were screened from the TCMSP database, and their potential targets were also retrieved. Then, the compound-target network and PPI network were constructed from predicted common targets, and several key targets were found based on the degree of the network. Next, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to obtain several significantly enriched terms. Finally, the experimental verification was made. The results demonstrated that network pharmacological approach was a powerful means for identifying bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action for TCM. Network pharmacology provided an effective strategy for TCM modern research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Fan ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Mingguo Xu

Background: The purpose of the research is to identify the main active ingredients in Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and explore the possible molecular mechanisms in the treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD).Materials and Methods: A total of 58 children with KD were randomly divided into a control group and a Berberine treatment group. The therapeutic indicators of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Then, compounds and drug targets of CR from the TCMSP, SWISS, SEA, and the STITCH were collected, and targeted KD genes were retrieved from the DisGeNET, DrugBank, and GeneCards databases. The network pharmacology approach involved network construction, target prediction, and module analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the possible pathways related to CR for KD treatments. Finally, protein expression was determined to verify the core targets using Western blotting in the cell experiment.Results: In total, nine compounds, 369 relative drug targets, and 624 KD target genes were collected in the above database. The network analysis revealed that 41 targets might be the therapeutic targets of CR on KD. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the biological processes, namely, response to hormone, response to inorganic substance, and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway, and Pathways in cancer, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Pancreatic cancer are the most significant. Protein expression of CASP3, PTGS2, and SRC was upregulated and AKT1 and ERK were downregulated.Conclusion: We provided useful resources to understand the molecular mechanism and the potential targets for novel therapy of KD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinming Liu ◽  
Haiman Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Danyi Lu ◽  
...  

Identifying drugs with dosing time-dependent effects (chronoeffects) and understanding the underlying mechanisms would help to improve drug treatment outcome. Here, we aimed to determine chronoeffects of the herbal medicines Puerariae radix (PR) and Coptidis rhizoma (CR), and investigate a potential role of REV-ERBα as a drug target in generating chronoeffects. The pharmacological effect of PR on hyperhomocysteinemia in mice was evaluated by measuring total homocysteine, triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation. PR dosed at ZT10 generated a stronger effect on hyperhomocysteinemia than drug dosed at ZT2. Furthermore, PR increased the expression levels of REV-ERBα target genes Bhmt, Cbs and Cth (encoding three key enzymes responsible for homocysteine catabolism), thereby alleviating hyperhomocysteinemia in mice. Moreover, CR attenuated chronic colitis in mice in a dosing time-dependent manner based on measurements of disease activity index, colon length, malondialdehyde/myeloperoxidase activities and IL-1β/IL-6 levels. ZT10 dosing generated a stronger anti-colitis effect as compared to ZT2 dosing. This was accompanied by lower production of colonic inflammatory cytokines (i.e., Nlrp3, IL-1β, IL-6, Tnf-α and Ccl2, REV-ERBα target genes) in colitis mice dosed at ZT10. The diurnal patterns of PR and CR effects were respectively consistent with those of puerarin (a main active constituent of PR, a REV-ERBα antagonist) and berberine (a main active constituent of CR, a REV-ERBα agonist). In addition, loss of Rev-erbα in mice abolished the dosing time-dependency in PR and CR effects. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of PR and CR depend on dosing time in mice, which are probably attributed to diurnal expression of REV-ERBα as the drug target. Our findings have implications for improving therapeutic outcomes of herbal medicines with a chronotherapeutic approach.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8075
Author(s):  
Oh-Jun Kwon ◽  
Ji-Won Noh ◽  
Byung-Cheol Lee

Obesity is characterized as a chronic, low-grade inflammation state accompanied by the infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms and effects of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) on obesity and its associated inflammation. First, we applied a network pharmacology strategy to search the target genes and pathways regulated by CR in obesity. Next, we performed in vivo experiments to confirm the antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects of CR. Mice were assigned to five groups: normal chow (NC), control (high-fat diet (HFD)), HFD + CR 200 mg/kg, HFD + CR 400 mg/kg, and HFD + metformin 200 mg/kg. After 16 weeks of the experimental period, CR administration significantly reduced the weight of the body, epididymal fat, and liver; it also decreased insulin resistance, as well as the area under the curve of glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test and triglyceride in the oral fat tolerance test. We observed a decrease in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and inflammatory M1 ATMs, as well as an increase in anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs. Gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, F4/80, and C-C motif chemokine (CCL)-2, CCL4, and CCL5, were suppressed in adipose tissue in the CR groups than levels in the control group. Additionally, histological analyses suggested decreased fat accumulation in the epididymal fat pad and liver in the CR groups than that in the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that CR has a therapeutic effect on obesity-induced inflammation, and it functions through the inhibition of macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue.


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