Effect of orifice size on quality characteristics of burger made from spent laying duck meat

An experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of orifice size (4.5, 6, 8 and 10 mm) on the quality characteristics and acceptability of duck burger made from spent laying Khaki Campbell duck meat. Large orifice size resulted in lower fat and protein content compared to small orifice size. Hardness value also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the diameter of shrinkage, cooking loss and colour of the burger. However, the hardness value decreased significantly with an increase in orifice size. The sensory evaluation showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) within the samples, but the overall acceptability score for burger prepared using 10 mm grind size was higher compared to those prepared at 4.5, 6 and 8 mm orifice sizes. Hence the 10 mm grind size was adopted as the optimum orifice size for spent laying Khaki Campbell duck burger.

Nonfixation of Mesh In Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Single-Center Experience

Background: In terms of the need for mesh fixation in total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP), overseas data revealed no significant difference in the recurrence rate between patients with and without fixation. Moreover, there is no information available on this treatment outcome from Japan. We aimed to analyze the outcomes of nonfixation TEP with those of fixation at our institute.Methods: In May 2016, the nonfixation TEP technique was launched. The fixation group (165 patients) was compared to the nonfixation group (195 patients). Bilateral, large, and impaction cases were eliminated from the corrective comparison, and the outcomes for the fixation group (80 patients) and the non-fixation group (111 patients) were compared.Results: One patient in the nonfixation group experienced recurrence. It was a hernia case with a large orifice. In the fixation group, seroma was more prevalent. There was no recurrence and no significance in surgical complications in the correction comparison. The nonfixation group had a shorter operation time and stayed in the hospital for a shorter period after surgery.Conclusions: The nonfixation TEP was deemed adequate, at least for typical hernia cases.

Discharge of a Triangular Orifice under Free Flow Conditions

In this paper, flow through a free triangular orifice is considered. The comparison of two formulas was conducted for discharge calculations: a large orifice formula and a small orifice formula. The results show that, above a certain value of upstream head to orifice height ratio there is no need for small-large formula discrimination. The differences in the outcomes for the two formulas are negligible for upstream head to orifice height ratios greater than 3. This means that a small orifice formula can be used instead of a large orifice formula. Calculations were performed for different variants of triangle orientation (with tip downwards, sidewards and upwards) as well as for different dimensions of orifice (equilateral and isosceles). The calculations also included different submergence levels of the upper edge of the orifice and variable dimensions of the orifice with constant upstream head. Neither of these conditions affect the relative deviation values for small and large orifice formulas.

A Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta With a Left Subclavian Artery Aneurysm, A Case Report and A Review of the Literature

Here we present a 47-year-old male diagnosed with a pseudocoarctation of the aorta and a funnel-like subclavian artery aneurysm with a large orifice and severe aortic valve insufficiency. The patient underwent a two-stage repair for both pathologies. After an aortic valve replacement, postcardiotomy pericardial effusion occurred and was medically managed. Six months later, the patient underwent a distal arcus aorta and subclavian artery replacement with a left posterolateral thoracotomy as the second stage. Due to the strict adhesions, pulmonary veins were not cannulated and an extracorporeal bypass between the pulmonary artery and femoral artery was used for distal body perfusion. The coincidence of subclavian aneurysms and a pseudocoarctation of the aorta is rare and a literature review was performed to identify treatment options for this pathology.

Computational aero acounstics analysis of an aircraft climate control system

With a higher standard of living and education, engineers are paying more attention on how the surrounding environment affects the public's comfort. Aircraft cabin noise is one of the main concerns for most airlines with surveys done to understand what customers feel and research to understand how noise can be modeled with state-of-the-art aero acoustic theories. In this work, computational aero acoustics was performed to simulate flow through a duct with an orifice plate as part of an aircraft environmental control system and to compare the results with experimental data. Experimental results of a low velocity flow with large orifice demonstrated better agreement than a high velocity flow with a small orifice plate. The numerical solution and experimental results were found to agree within 10% for broadband noise. Further research is required for better computational results for flow through a small orifice plate.

Computational aero acounstics analysis of an aircraft climate control system

With a higher standard of living and education, engineers are paying more attention on how the surrounding environment affects the public's comfort. Aircraft cabin noise is one of the main concerns for most airlines with surveys done to understand what customers feel and research to understand how noise can be modeled with state-of-the-art aero acoustic theories. In this work, computational aero acoustics was performed to simulate flow through a duct with an orifice plate as part of an aircraft environmental control system and to compare the results with experimental data. Experimental results of a low velocity flow with large orifice demonstrated better agreement than a high velocity flow with a small orifice plate. The numerical solution and experimental results were found to agree within 10% for broadband noise. Further research is required for better computational results for flow through a small orifice plate.

The effect of particle shape on discharge and clogging

Granular flow is common across different fields from energy resource recovery and mineral processing to grain transport and traffic flow. Migrating particles may jam and form arches that span constrictions and hinder particle flow. Most studies have investigated the migration and clogging of spherical particles, however, natural particles are rarely spherical, but exhibit eccentricity, angularity and roughness. New experiments explore the discharge of cubes, 2D crosses, 3D crosses and spheres under dry conditions and during particle-laden fluid flow. Variables include orifice-to-particle size ratio and solidity. Cubes and 3D crosses are the most prone to clogging because of their ability to interlock or the development of face-to-face contacts that can resist torque and enhance bridging. Spheres arriving to the orifice must be correctly positioned to create stable bridges, while flat 2D crosses orient their longest axes in the direction of flowlines across the orifice and favor flow. Intermittent clogging causes kinetic retardation in particle-laden flow even in the absence of inertial effects; the gradual increase in the local particle solidity above the constriction enhances particle interactions and the probability of clogging. The discharge volume before clogging is a Poisson process for small orifice-to-particle size ratio; however, the clogging probability becomes history-dependent for non-spherical particles at large orifice-to-particle size ratio and high solidities, i.e., when particle–particle interactions and interlocking gain significance.

Parametric Study on Fluid Dynamics of Pilot-Control Angle Globe Valve

Globe valve is widely used in numerous industries, and its driving energy consumption accounts for high percentages of the whole piping system. In order to figure out novel globe valves with low energy consumption, the pilot control globe valve (PCGV) is proposed, which is made up of a main valve and a pilot valve. By the pressure difference of fluid itself, the opened/closed status of the main valve can be controlled by the pilot valve, which can save driving energy and shorten the response time. In order to fit PCGV in an angle displaced piping system, the pilot control angle globe valve (PCAGV) is developed. In this paper, with validated numerical methods, both steady and transient simulations focusing on the valve core diameter, the single/multi orifices, orifice diameters and their arrangements located on the valve core bottom are presented. The results show that the pressure difference increases with the increase of the valve core diameter and the decrease of the orifice diameter, and large orifice diameters (d > 12 mm) should be avoided in case the valve cannot be opened. As for the multi orifices, it can be treated as a single orifice which having similar cross-sectional area. Meanwhile, the opening time of the main valve also increases with the increase of the valve core diameter correspondingly. Besides, a fitting formula of pressure difference calculation depending on the inlet velocity and the valve core diameter is obtained, which is a power–law relationship.