Experiencia vivida del primer contacto con muerte en prácticas clínicas de estudiantes de enfermería

Introduction: Death is a complex phenomenon, nurses in training may face the process of dying and death of people, which can generate diverse situations that represent their lived experiences. Objective: To understand the lived experience of the first contact with death during clinical practicum of nursing students at a public university.Methodology: Qualitative study with phenomenological approach. It was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. Selection of participants by intentional sampling with information saturation with seven participants. Data collection through phenomenological interview; participants gave informed consent. The analysis was carried out through the three phases of Max Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method (description, interpretation, description plus interpretation). Results: The students refer to having been faced with the phenomenon in a state of helplessness, blockage, uncertainty, and fear; as well as facing death in a professional and reflective manner in order to provide quality care. Discussion: Death is a natural process; however, the first experiences are diverse and can produce in the students a set of emotions that condition their capacity to act, the way of adapting and observing the needs that arise during this experience. Conclusion: The experiences of nursing students show that they have difficulties in facing death, but it was not an impediment to provide the necessary care; it is considered that a deeper preparation on the process of dying can be favorable for their performance as professionals. Introducción: La muerte es un fenómeno complejo, las enfermeras en formación pueden enfrentarse al proceso de morir y muerte de personas, lo que puede generar diversas situaciones que representan sus experiencias vividas. Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida ante el primer contacto con la muerte durante prácticas clínicas de estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se llevó a cabo de octubre del 2020 a febrero del 2021. Selección de participantes por muestreo intencional con saturación de información con siete participantes. Recolección de datos a través de entrevista fenomenológica; los participantes emitieron su consentimiento informado. El análisis se llevó a cabo por las tres fases del método fenomenológico hermenéutico de Max Van Manen (descripción, interpretación, descripción más interpretación). Resultados: Los estudiantes refieren haber estado frente al fenómeno en un estado de impotencia, bloqueo, incertidumbre y miedo; así como afrontaron la muerte de manera profesional y reflexiva para brindar cuidado de calidad. Discusión: La muerte es un proceso natural, sin embargo, las primeras experiencias son diversas y pueden producir en los estudiantes un conjunto de emociones que condicionan su capacidad de actuar, el modo de adaptarse y observar las necesidades surgidas durante esta experiencia. Conclusión: Las experiencias de los estudiantes de enfermería demuestran que tienen dificultades para afrontar la muerte, pero no fue un impedimento para brindar los cuidados necesarios; se considera que una preparación más profunda sobre el proceso de morir puede ser favorable para su actuar como profesional.

Young People’s Experience of Post-Separation Fathering Where the Father has been Violent to the Mother

<p>My intention in undertaking this research was to examine young people’s experiences of living with their father following parental separation where their father has been violent to their mother. To date there is little knowledge of children’s post-separation experiences of fathering or of the parenting abilities of partner abusive men. This study takes a feminist approach and is informed by scholarship on family issues, childhood studies and the sociology of the child. The study was guided by hermeneutic phenomenology and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Twenty young people aged 18 to 26 took part in the study and face to face interviews were carried out over a one year period. The findings revealed that some fathers were overly punitive in their parenting style with a number of fathers continuing to be physically and/or emotionally abusive to their children. Authoritarian or permissive parenting practices were also identified and a number of fathers were shown to be neglectful, making little effort to bond with their children or provide quality care. In cases where fathers were unable to accept the break-up and move on this was also shown to have an adverse effect on their ability to parent effectively including an inability to co-operate with children’s mothers. In contrast, the majority of mothers were shown to be central to children’s lives undertaking most of the caring responsibilities. Mothers also recognised children’s changing needs as they grew older, encouraged autonomy, and contributed to children’s social development and maturity by trusting their judgement. However, this was not necessarily a protective factor against difficulties that participants have experienced as young adults. A time-share or full-time arrangement was revealed as being the most problematic for children although weekend contact could also pose a risk where pre-separation violence towards children had been severe. The study concluded that a safe outcome for children will require a shift away from a father’s right to contact, emphasising instead children’s right to a life free from abuse.</p>

Young People’s Experience of Post-Separation Fathering Where the Father has been Violent to the Mother

<p>My intention in undertaking this research was to examine young people’s experiences of living with their father following parental separation where their father has been violent to their mother. To date there is little knowledge of children’s post-separation experiences of fathering or of the parenting abilities of partner abusive men. This study takes a feminist approach and is informed by scholarship on family issues, childhood studies and the sociology of the child. The study was guided by hermeneutic phenomenology and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Twenty young people aged 18 to 26 took part in the study and face to face interviews were carried out over a one year period. The findings revealed that some fathers were overly punitive in their parenting style with a number of fathers continuing to be physically and/or emotionally abusive to their children. Authoritarian or permissive parenting practices were also identified and a number of fathers were shown to be neglectful, making little effort to bond with their children or provide quality care. In cases where fathers were unable to accept the break-up and move on this was also shown to have an adverse effect on their ability to parent effectively including an inability to co-operate with children’s mothers. In contrast, the majority of mothers were shown to be central to children’s lives undertaking most of the caring responsibilities. Mothers also recognised children’s changing needs as they grew older, encouraged autonomy, and contributed to children’s social development and maturity by trusting their judgement. However, this was not necessarily a protective factor against difficulties that participants have experienced as young adults. A time-share or full-time arrangement was revealed as being the most problematic for children although weekend contact could also pose a risk where pre-separation violence towards children had been severe. The study concluded that a safe outcome for children will require a shift away from a father’s right to contact, emphasising instead children’s right to a life free from abuse.</p>

Job Stress And Organizational Support Perceptions Of Healthcare Professionald During COVID-19

The aim of this study was to determine job stress and organizational support perceptions of healthcare professionals during COVID-19. This study was conducted with 185 healthcare professionals working in a training and research hospital in Istanbul between May-June 2020 and serving as a pandemic hospital. Data were collected using the Information Form, Job Stress Scale, and Perceived Organizational Support Scale. Of the healthcare professionals, 75 (40,54%) were physicians and 110 (59,46%) were nurses. The average age of the participants was 32,28±8,82, professional experience period was 9,38±8,66 years. It was determined that as the professional experience and age of the healthcare workers increase, the work stress decreases and the perceived organizational support score increases; the work stress of female professionals and those working in outpatient and intensive care units is higher; the perceived organizational support is higher among those working at night shifts and male professionals. It was also determined that as the perceived organizational support score increases, the job stress score decreases. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the ability of healthcare professionals to provide quality care and the good management of the process is related to their good physical and emotional conditions.

Telemedicine as an Alternative Way to Provide Multidisciplinary Cleft Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current coronavirus pandemic is changing the way healthcare professionals provide services to patients. Healthcare professionals are required to provide quality care while reducing the risk of viral transmission. This pandemic has disrupted the timely multidisciplinary team care for patients with clefts across the globe. Thus, telemedicine has been recognized and accepted by various medical and dental specialists as a viable alternative to face-to-face consultation. In addition, telemedicine incorporating a digital workflow in cleft management will further reduce the risk of viral transmission and enhance the quality of treatment being provided to these patients.

Lived Experiences of African Migrants Crossing the Strait of Gibraltar to Europe: A Cross-Cultural Approach to Healthcare from a Qualitative Methodology

Background: The migratory flow from the African continent to Europe is intense and the European countries should apply a humanitarian, health and social response to this emerging problem. Migrants coming from Africa to Europe are a very vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals should be prepared for answering their needs from a transcultural approach, which requires a better understanding of this phenomenon. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve nursing and healthcare professionals’ awareness and better understanding of migrant life experiences during the migration journey. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research was conducted. In-depth interviews were conducted involving four key informants and content analysis were performed with the transcriptions. Results: Three themes merged: life situations in their countries of origin; motivations that led them to undertake the migratory journey; and experiences they lived during the migratory journey. The results described the dramatic experience and motivations for crossing the strait of Gibraltar from Africa to Europe, including feelings, fears, hopes and lived experiences. The determination of immigrants to fight for a better life opportunity and the physical damage and psychological consequences they suffer were revealed. Conclusions: This study would help healthcare professionals to better understand this complex reality and deliver culturally adapted care. Knowledge of the starting reality of these populations can help health professionals to incorporate a cross-cultural approach that improves the relational, ethical and affective competences to provide quality care to the migrant population, as well as the development of health measures to fight against inequalities suffered by these population groups.

Barriers to Quality Midwifery Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Data

BACKGROUNDSkilled attendance at birth by well-educated and regulated midwives has been identified to reduce maternal and neonatal deaths, however, it has been established that midwives experience barriers that can affect their ability to provide quality care to women and neonates.AIMThis systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data was conducted to investigate the barriers to midwives' ability to provide quality care focusing on African and developed countries.METHODSThe Joanna Briggs Institute process for conducting systematic reviews was followed for this review. Qualitative studies that reported on barriers to midwives' ability to provide quality care were identified by searching the following databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsychINFO. Studies reported in English in the last 10 years, within which most participants were midwives and the data reported on barriers to quality care provision by midwives were included in this review.RESULTS813 published research studies were screened, and 11 research papers were included in this review. The meta-synthesis of the findings resulted in six categories: the lack of equipment; inadequate skills and training, lack of space and infrastructure, staff shortages and high workloads, emotional barriers, and workplace culture. Using the Donabedian model of quality care, the barriers were grouped into structure, process, and outcome factors.CONCLUSIONCurrently efforts to improve quality care in African countries focus on structural factors. Efforts to improve quality care in developed countries focus on process factors. In order to improve quality care for women and neonates, efforts need to be focused on all the factors that promotequality care.

Exploring competencies of military nurses in general hospitals in China: a qualitative content analysis

Background Military nurses should possess the competency to provide quality care in both clinical and military nursing contexts. This study aimed to identify the competencies of military nurses in general hospitals. Methods A qualitative study was carried out using a qualitative content analysis. We purposefully sampled and interviewed 21 nurses in general hospitals in China. Results The data analysis revealed 40 competencies, which were categorised into four main categories according to the Onion Model. These categories were motive (mission commitment), traits (perseverance, flexibility, etc.), self-identity of dual roles (obedience, empathy, etc.), as well as knowledge, skills and abilities (clinical and military nursing knowledge and skills, basic nursing ability, professional development ability, leadership and management ability). Conclusions Existing knowledge of competencies of military nurses in general hospitals is limited. A detailed exploration of this topic can provide guidance for recruitment, competency assessment, and competency building.

FORMATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF PERSONALITY: MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Modern medicine is moving to a new level of care, transforming into a patient–oriented model. This situation in the market of medical services leads to a change in approaches in the interaction of doctor and patient, doctor and relatives of the patient, doctor and society. An important role in such interaction is played by emotional intelligence (EQ from English – Emotion Quotient) – which is an understanding of their own and others’ emotions, the ability to constructively express them, to understand the feelings and experiences of others. Today, the doctor faces certain tasks, such as: the ability to establish contact, clearly and understandably convey information to the patient, taking into account the patient’s personality and the circumstances under which the disease occurred, the ability to persuade and become partners in treatment, to build trusted relations. The article considers the features of emotional intelligence of the individual; various scientific approaches (domestic, foreign) to the definition of “emotional intelligence” are analyzed; the connections of the emotional component of the medical employee with the psychological dimension are revealed; the model of emotional intelligence of the personality which is correlated with professional growth of the expert of medical institution is thoroughly outlined. Developing the emotional intelligence of future physicians who are able to empathize, provide quality care, and ensure patient satisfaction with treatment is part of the health care system.