The Development of Innovative Clay Mask Product Mixed with Theacanthus ebracteatus Vahl Extract

This research is a study on the development of innovative clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extract product. The purposes of this research are as follows. Firstly, the research is to develop a clay mask product mixed with natural extracts from the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Secondly, it is aimed to study on the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, antimicrobial effect and total Phenolic contents of the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. Thirdly, it is tostudy stability of the product. Finally, the research is to study on the calculation of suitable product formulations for clay products mixed with Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. By starting from the selection of raw materials, the extracts are prepared to determine the total phenolic content. Later, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method is conducted for antioxidant activity test, followed by anti-inflammatory effect test (Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity test, inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion test and Anti-inflammatory activity test (COX-2). Afterwards, a suitable formulation is developed. The test for the safety and physical properties of the product is then carried out followed by the skin irritation test in a group of 10 volunteers in order to ensure that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts is effective and safe. From the results of the product stability study, the findings indicated that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts did not show any phase separation. The irritation test in 10 volunteers after 12 hours of using the product showed no sign of allergic reaction, itching or irritation. Toxicity test results found no cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect test was found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, when tested in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. This study is only for the development of an innovative product of skin clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts.

Habitat Management Based on Mangrove Sensitivity Assesment in Tulungagung Coastal Area

Tulungagung reflects the typical conditions of southern coast of Java, which dominated bay small bays with thin layer of superficial mud sediments and bordered by hilly terrain. Mangrove distribution in Tulungagung located in there locations, Brumbun Beach, Gerangan Beach and Sine Beach. This research aimed to identify the forest structure, habitat sensitivity and completed with management plan in each location. Data collected includes vegetation structure, hydrooceanography, environmental pressure and anthropogenic activities. An interesting finding is that, despite its narrow areas (2,24 Ha), mangroves in Tulungagung have high species diversity (11 species of true mangrove includes Acanthus ebracteatus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora stylosa dan Sonneratia alba). Rm and Rs stands dominated by >7m height with canopy cover range from 79,4-89,6%. Geomorphological settings and limited mud supply are the primary challenges for mangrove habitat in Tulungagung. On the other hand, observation conservation status and local stakeholders involvement show the need for improvement of mangrove management in Tulungagung coastal areas.

Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. and Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Extracts and Their Potential as a Treatment for Xerosis Cutis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> A common health condition among older persons is xerosis cutis. Topical corticosteroid treatments are ­associated with side effects. There is an unmet need for her­bal treatment alternatives. <i>Coccinia grandis</i>, <i>Clerodendrum inerme</i> and <i>Acanthus ebracteatus</i> are used to treat skin con­ditions in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, synergistic properties as well as their cytotoxicity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> ­Ethanolic herbal extracts were used to perform minimal ­inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays on common skin pathogens. Synergistic anti­microbial activity was evaluated by a chequerboard assay. Antioxidant and synergistic properties were assessed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Cytotoxicity was tested on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocytes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All extracts showed an inhibitory effect on growth of all microorganisms tested. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.0625 to 32 mg/mL and from 0.0625 to &#x3e;256 mg/mL, respectively. <i>A. ebracteatus</i> extract markedly demonstrated bactericidal activity against an methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strain. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed (fractional inhibitory concentration index values: 0.75–1). All extracts possessed antioxidant properties (IC₅₀ values: 0.12–0.25 mg/L). However, antagonism was observed with paired extract combinations (combination index values: 1.025–1.455). The cell viability assay confirmed that herbal extracts were not cytotoxic. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results provide early findings of pharmacological activities to support a novel choice of herbal combinations as potential local skin treatment options for xerosis cutis.

PENGEMBANGAN LKPD MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERDASARKAN IDENTIFIKASI MANGROVE DI TWA PANTAI PANJANG BENGKULU

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mendeskripsikan jenis tumbuhan mangrove yang terdapt di Taman Wisata Alam Pantai Panjang kota Bengkulu, (2) Membuat desain LKPD berbasis Discovery Learning berdasarkan hasil pengembangan dari studi tumbuhan Mangrove di kawasan TWA Pantai Panjang Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Berdasarkan hasil studi tumbuhan mangrove yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 jenis yaitu Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia lanata, Bruguiera cylindrical, Lumnitzera littorea, Acanthus ebracteatus, Xylocarpus granatum. Hasil studi ini kemudian dikembangkan menjadi bahan ajar berupa LKPD yang divalidasi oleh 3 validator menunjukkan skor rata-rata 51,3 dengan persentase keseluruhan kriteria sangat valid 85,5 % . LKPD juga diuji keterbacaan oleh 29 orang peserta didik kelas X SMA N 1 Bengkulu dengan hasil persentase 95,8 % dengan kriteria sangat valid. Berdasarkan persentase dari skor rata-rata hasil validasi oleh ahli dan uji keterbacaan dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD yang dikembangkan sangat valid dan sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai bahan ajar di sekolah pada sub materi keanekaragaman hayati jenis X SMA.Kata Kunci : Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Discovery Learning, Mangrove