scholarly journals Validation of Selected Optical Methods for Assessing Polyethylene (PE) Liners Used in High Pressure Vessels for Hydrogen Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5667
Author(s):  
Paweł Gąsior ◽  
Karol Wachtarczyk ◽  
Aleksander Błachut ◽  
Jerzy Kaleta ◽  
Neha Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensing ◽  
Pressure Storage

A polyethylene (PE) liner is the basic element in high-pressure type 4 composite vessels designed for hydrogen or compressed natural gas (CNG) storage systems. Liner defects may result in the elimination of the whole vessel from use, which is very expensive, both at the manufacturing and exploitation stage. The goal is, therefore, the development of efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to test a liner immediately after its manufacturing, before applying a composite reinforcement. It should be noted that the current regulations, codes and standards (RC&S) do not specify liner testing methods after manufacturing. It was considered especially important to find a way of locating and assessing the size of air bubbles and inclusions, and the field of deformations in liner walls. It was also expected that these methods would be easily applicable to mass-produced liners. The paper proposes the use of three optical methods, namely, visual inspection, digital image correlation (DIC), and optical fiber sensing based on Bragg gratings (FBG). Deformation measurements are validated with finite element analysis (FEA). The tested object was a prototype of a hydrogen liner for high-pressure storage (700 bar). The mentioned optical methods were used to identify defects and measure deformations.

Shear Test on CFRP Full-Field Measurement and Finite Element Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Mistou ◽  
Marina Fazzini ◽  
Moussa Karama
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Full Field Measurement

The purpose of this work is to study the Iosipescu shear test and more precisely its ability to characterize the shear modulus of a carbone/epoxy composite material. The parameters influencing this identification are the fibre orientation, the geometry of the notch and the boundary conditions. Initially these parameters were studied through the finite element analysis of the shear test. Then, the measurement of the shear strains was carried out by traditional methods of measurement (strain gauges) but also by optical methods. These optical methods: the digital image correlation and the electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI); allow for various levels of loading, to reach a full-field measurement of the shear strain. This enabled us to study the strain distribution on the section between the two notches. The finite element model enabled us to study the parameters influencing the calculation of the shear modulus in comparison with strain gauges, image correlation and ESPI. This work makes it possible to conclude on optimal parameters for the Iosipescu test.

Continued Study on the Effect of Mean Stress on Ground Storage Vessels for Hydrogen Fueling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Peters ◽  
Myles Parr
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Pressure Storage ◽  
Cyclic Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Division 2

Abstract The use of high pressure vessels for the purpose of storing gaseous fuels for land based transportation application is becoming common. Fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen are currently being stored at high pressure for use in fueling stations. This paper will investigate the use of various levels of autofrettage in high pressure storage cylinders and its effects on the life of a vessel used for hydrogen storage. Unlike many high-pressure vessels, the life is controlled by fatigue when cycled between a high pressure near the design pressure and a lower pressure due to the emptying of the content of the vessels. There are many misunderstandings regarding the need for cyclic life assessment in storage vessels and the impact that hydrogen has on that life. Some manufacturers are currently producing vessels using ASME Section VIII Division 1 to avoid the requirements for evaluation of cylinders in cyclic service. There are currently rules being considered in all of ASME Section VIII Division 1 and Division 2, and even potentially for Appendix 8 of ASME Section X. Recommendations on updating the ASME codes will be considered in this report.

Finite Element Analysis of High Pressure Storage Tank

2012 ◽  
Vol 424-425 ◽  
pp. 904-907
Author(s):  
Yi Cai ◽  
Qiu Sheng Ma ◽  
Dong Xing Tian
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Pressure Storage ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Theoretical Results

In this paper, based on Ansys the deformation and stress for high pressure long cylindrical natural gas storage tank are analysed. And obtain the stress distribution of the storage tank. The changes of stress are analysed in thickness direction and along the rigid wall. The results and theoretical results are accordance. On this basis, the modal analysis of tank is completed too. Obtained the tank various order natural frequency and vibration mode. The calculation results show that the method is effective and provide the theoretical basis for high pressure tank design

A Comparison of Methods for Predicting Residual Stresses in Strain-Hardening, Autofrettaged Thick Cylinders, Including the Bauschinger Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Gibson ◽  
Amer Hameed ◽  
Anthony P. Parker ◽  
John G. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Bauschinger Effect ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compressive Stresses

High-pressure vessels, such as gun barrels, are autofrettaged in order to increase their operating pressure and fatigue life. Autofrettage causes plastic expansion of the inner section of the cylinder, setting up residual compressive stresses at the bore after relaxation. Subsequent application of pressure has to overcome these compressive stresses before tensile stresses can be developed, thereby increasing its fatigue lifetime and safe working pressure. This paper presents the results from a series of finite element models that have been developed to predict the magnitude of these stresses for a range of end conditions: plane stress and several plane-strain states (open and closed ended, plus true plane strain). The material model is currently bilinear and allows consideration of strain hardening and the Bauschinger effect. Results are compared to an alternative numerical model and a recent analytical model (developed by Huang), and show close agreement. This demonstrates that general purpose finite element analysis software may be used to simulate high-pressure vessels, justifying further refining of the models.

scholarly journals Application of ASME Section VIII Division 3 to Compressed Natural Gas Transport

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Natural Gas Transport

Marine transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is well established and extensive precedents for the design of the ships and tanks exist. Fewer precedents exist for the transport of compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper describes the application of composite (fiber) wrapped pressure vessels constructed to the requirements of ASME Section VIII Division 3, Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels (Division 3) to pressure vessels for marine CNG transport. Since the density of CNG is much lower than the density of LNG, efficient transport requires that the pressure vessels be as light as possible while ensuring pressure integrity. The advantages of a composite fiber wrap and of Division 3 construction for this application will be discussed. Paper published with permission.

Alternative Design Approach by Finite Element Analysis for High Pressure Equipment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovan Battista Trinca ◽  
Nicola Ronchi ◽  
Fausto Fusari ◽  
Emanuele Fiordaligi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Lower Uncertainty ◽  
High Pressure Equipment

Abstract Components that are subject to pressure, typical of the pressure vessel industry, can be designed using such calculation methods as “Design by Rule-DBF” or “Design by Analysis-DBA”. DBA, based on the FEM, is used increasingly often because, in addition to providing a reduction in thickness due to the lower uncertainty on the calculation, it helps to verify and study physical phenomena and complex geometry that are otherwise difficult to research while offering a more intuitive usability of the results. In this paper we wish to offer, in an educative and qualitative manner, a general overview of DBA from the creation of the model to obtaining the results, describing the types of analysis that can be carried out according to the constitutive model of the material used and the degree of accuracy that can be achieved. At the end, we cover some case studies in which DBA has been successfully used to verify design or particular conditions (such as heat treatments) for pressure vessels fabrication. The DBA calculation, described in this paper, is used with the same computational methods for high, medium or low pressure components, but it is clear that the most significant reduction in thickness is for high pressure components such as reactors, which is why the DBA calculation is particularly appreciated for this type of equipment. In the context of this paper “high pressure equipment” means when the ratio of the inner diameter to thickness of the walls is < 30.

High-Pressure Storage Vessels Used in Hydrogen Refueling Station

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Fangming Kai
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Storage Vessel ◽  
On Line ◽  
Pressure Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Vessel

The storage of hydrogen in a compressed gaseous form offers the simplest solution in terms of infrastructure requirements and has become the most popular and most highly developed method. Hydrogen storage vessels are the key equipment of hydrogen refueling station. Seamless pressure vessels made from high strength steel, which are now used in hydrogen refueling stations, are more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, difficult in on-line safety monitoring and limited in volume. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the authors have developed a multifunctional layered hydrogen storage vessel with volume 5m3 and design pressure 42MPa for the first demonstration hydrogen refueling station in the People’s Republic of China. This vessel is flexible in design, convenient in fabrication, safe in use, and easy in online safety monitoring. Its structure and functions are presented after giving a brief introduction of hydrogen refueling station, and analyzing risk of high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel.

scholarly journals Development of ASME Section X Code for High Pressure Vessels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. Newhouse ◽  
George B. Rawls
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

ASME has a project to meet industry needs for pressure vessel Code updates to address storage of high pressure hydrogen. This has resulted in updates to existing B&PV Code, new Code Cases, and new Code requirements. One of the tasks was to develop requirements for high pressure composite reinforced vessels with non-load sharing liners. Originally developed as a Code Case, the requirements have been approved as mandatory Appendix 8 of ASME Section X of the B&PV Code, to be published in July 2010. The allowed pressures of this new Code are from 0.7 MPa (3,000 psi) to 103.4 MPa (15,000 psi). Qualification testing addresses expected operating conditions. Inspection requirements are being developed in cooperation with NBIC. Pressure vessels are being developed that meet the new ASME requirements. Efforts will be made to include additional gases, including compressed natural gas, and additional operational requirements in future revisions. Paper published with permission.

Fatigue Assessment and Monitoring of a Dented Pipeline Specimen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. F. Freire ◽  
V. E. L. Paiva ◽  
G. L. G. Gonzáles ◽  
R. D. Vieira ◽  
J. E. Maneschy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Initiation ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Inspection Techniques

Abstract The present paper reports initial results from an investigation program launched with the objective of presenting combinations of analytical, experimental and numerical methods to predict and monitor fatigue initiation and fatigue damage progression in equipment such as pressure vessels, tanks, piping and pipelines with dents or complex shaped anomalies. The monitoring of fatigue initiation and propagation in the actual specimens used nondestructive infrared inspection techniques. Thermoelasticity stress analysis (TSA), three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) and fiber optic Bragg strain gages (FBSG) were used to determine strains at fatigue hot spots locations. Strain fields determined from the experimental measurements and from finite element analysis (FEA) were combined with the fatigue Coffin-Manson strain-life equation and the Miner’s fatigue damage rule to predict fatigue life (Nc). Results from one tested 3 m long tubular specimen containing a complex shaped dent are reported and fully analyzed.

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