scholarly journals Comparative design and CFD analysis of 3D printed abs nozzle aerator for discharge reduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
Bovas Herbert Alphonse ◽  
Ramji Basavaraj Rayappa ◽  
Hasan Koten ◽  
Ramesh Balasubramanian ◽  
Deepak Umrao Sarwe
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Filling Water ◽  
3D Printed

The flow nozzle aerator, which is the part of the water tap made up of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), can be modified entirely with a new design. The curved and cone-shaped slopes are used to improve the smooth flow at uniform velocity. Simultaneously, discharge is optimum by modified interior design. The smooth laminar delivery of water with optimum pressure, the liquid element at the aerator end becomes smooth. The assembled nozzle aerator solid model has been generated before experimentation. This can promote through the prediction by the modern tool ANSIFLUENT and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for finding the flow behavior and its outlet characters. The solid model can be fabricated to prototype for accurate dimensions by using 3D printing technology. Comparing fluid motion with the time consumption of filling water has been done over these different kinds of aerator and nozzle models, which are fabricated by 3-dimensional printing.

scholarly journals A LITHOPHANE MODEL MAKING PROCESS TO 3D PRINTERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddavatam Rammohan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This paper focuses on to convert photographs into embossed 3D models and then bring them to life using a 3D printer. A Lithophane is a 3-dimensional generation of a 2-dimensional image and 3D representation of a photo can be seen only when it is illuminated from behind. Turning images into 3D objects give us more feeling and literally adds a new dimension. The lithophane can be manufactured by the way of an automated additive manufacturing process, such as 3-D printing. lithophanes are a simple way to enhance your favourite photos. 3D printed photos also known as 3D Printed lithophanes, are an extremely unique and creative application. The process adopted in lithophane is FDM technology, in which different the materials like PLA (polylactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), etc. By heating the filament material to its melting point and it is deposited layer by layer. Combination of many layers will give us a final 3D Printed model.

scholarly journals Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Jabir Ubaid ◽  
Andreas Schiffer ◽  
Atul Jain ◽  
Emilio Martínez-Pañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110035
Author(s):  
Muhamed A. Masalha ◽  
Kyle K. VanKoevering ◽  
Omar S. Latif ◽  
Allison R. Powell ◽  
Ashley Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
3D Printed

Background Acquiring proficiency for the repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is challenging in great part due to its relative rarity, which offers a finite number of training opportunities. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluates the use of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model to simulate CSF leak closure. Methods Volunteer participants completed two simulation sessions. Questionnaires to assess their professional qualifications and a standardized 5-point Likert scale to estimate the level of confidence, were completed before and after each session. Participants were also queried on the overall educational utility of the simulation. Results Thirteen otolaryngologists and 11 neurosurgeons, met the inclusion criteria. A successful repair of the CSF leak was achieved by 20/24 (83.33%), and 24/24 (100%) during the first and second simulation sessions respectively (average time 04:04 ± 1.39 and 02:10 ± 01:11). Time-to-close-the-CSF-leak during the second session was significantly shorter than the first (p < 0.001). Confidence scores increased across the training sessions (3.3 ± 1.0, before the simulation, 3.7 ± 0.6 after the first simulation, and 4.2 ± 0.4 after the second simulation; p < 0.001). All participants reported an increase in confidence and believed that the model represented a valuable training tool. Conclusions Despite significant differences with varying clinical scenarios, 3D printed models for cerebrospinal leak repair offer a feasible simulation for the training of residents and novice surgeons outside the constrictions of a clinical environment.

scholarly journals On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khosravani ◽  
Jonas Schüürmann ◽  
Filippo Berto ◽  
Tamara Reinicke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
3D Printed

Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.

scholarly journals Does vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization affect the geometrical properties of anatomic models and guides 3D printed from computed tomography images?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Toro ◽  
Aura Cardona ◽  
Daniel Restrepo ◽  
Laura Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Dimensional Error ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Anatomic Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Material extrusion is used to 3D print anatomic models and guides. Sterilization is required if a 3D printed part touches the patient during an intervention. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) is one method of sterilization. There are four factors to consider when sterilizing an anatomic model or guide: sterility, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and geometric fidelity. This project focuses on geometric fidelity for material extrusion of one polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using VHP. Methods De-identified computed tomography (CT) image data from 16 patients was segmented using Mimics Innovation Suite (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). Eight patients had maxillary and mandibular defects depicted with the anatomic models, and eight had mandibular defects for the anatomic guides. Anatomic models and guides designed from the surfaces of CT scan reconstruction and segementation were 3D printed in medical-grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material extrusion. The 16 parts underwent low-temperature sterilization with VHP. The dimensional error was estimated after sterilization by comparing scanned images of the 3D printed parts. Results The average of the estimated mean differences between the printed pieces before and after sterilization were − 0,011 ± 0,252 mm (95%CI − 0,011; − 0,010) for the models and 0,003 ± 0,057 mm (95%CI 0,002; 0,003) for the guides. Regarding the dimensional error of the sterilized parts compared to the original design, the estimated mean differences were − 0,082 ± 0,626 mm (95%CI − 0,083; − 0,081) for the models and 0,126 ± 0,205 mm (95%CI 0,126, 0,127) for the guides. Conclusion This project tested and verified dimensional stability, one of the four prerequisites for introducing vaporized hydrogen peroxide into 3D printing of anatomic models and guides; the 3D printed parts maintained dimensional stability after sterilization.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Printed Symbrachydactyly Prosthetic Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5943-5947
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electrical Component ◽  
Hand Geometry

Symbrachydactyly is a genetical problem occurred to newborn where the newborn experienced underdeveloped or shorten fingers. This condition will limit their normal as even a simple task of holding an item or pushing a button. A device is needed to help them gain a better life. The aim of this project is to fabricate a customized prosthesis hand using 3D printing technology at minimum cost. The proposed prosthetic was not embedded with any electrical component. The patient can only use the wrist to control the prosthetic part which is the prosthetic fingers. The prosthetic hand was also being developed with the patient specific features, which the initial design stage was adapted from a person’s hand geometry using a 3D scanner. Next the model of the prosthesis was analyzed computationally to predict the performance of the product. Different material properties are considered in the analysis to present Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Then, the prosthesis was fabricated using the 3D printing. The results suggested that PLA material indicated better findings and further be fabricated.

Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Longoni ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Gabriella C.J. Lindberg ◽  
Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina ◽  
Lyn M. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Large Bone

Abstract There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.

scholarly journals Physical Modelling of the Ball-Rolling Processes

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pater ◽  
Janusz Tomczak ◽  
Łukasz Wójcik ◽  
Tomasz Bulzak
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Helical Rolling ◽  
Rolling Mills ◽  
Cross Rolling ◽  
Plastic Forming ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Accuracy ◽  
Steel Balls

The objective of the article was to present the state of the problem of physical modelling of the hot-working processes with plasticine as the model material. It was stated that the aforementioned method can prove helpful in analyzing complex plastic forming processes such as cross rolling and helical rolling of balls. In order to confirm this hypothesis, an attempt at forming steel balls with diameters of 40 mm (cross rolling) and 57 mm (helical rolling) under laboratory conditions was made. Further on, these processes were conducted in model form using special model rolling mills and 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) tools. The comparison of the test results regarding shape and manufacturing accuracy, as well as force parameters, confirmed the validity of using physical modelling in the investigation of the process of cross rolling and helical rolling of balls.

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