Applied seismic attribte to study the distribution of sandstone reservoirs of D sequence, upper Oligocene sediments, CT field, Cuu Long basin

In this paper, the seismic attribute analysis methods in combination with well data were used to predict the distribution of the D sequence. A seismic attribute is any measurement of seismic data that enhances the visibility or quantification of geological elements or rock properties to determine the structure or depositional environment of sediment. The authors have selected the basic attributes, which are related to amplitude and frequency such as RAI, RMS, ARC length, Specdecom, Sweetness attribute. The attributes reflect quite accurately the changes in lithology, sedimentary facies, etc. from which will be possible to predict the distribution of the sand bodies. There are 02 large reservoirs discovered in the D sequence: the main reservoirs (D0 -D3) sands and minor reservoirs (D4 - D10). The study results show that the main reservoirs from D0 to D3 are widely distributed in the study area, especially in the western block and near the Con Son swell (except A well due to erosion process). Meanwhile, the reservoirs from D4 to D10 are of discontinuous distributions. Zones of high amplitude anomalies that are likely related to volcanic sediments in the study area are also delineated. The seismic attribute analysis reveals the possible distribution of high potential sand bodies (D2-D3) in the south-western and north-eastern parts that need further study.

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/192

This research paper examines the attitude of People’s Republic of China towards Kashmir conflict. Chinese leaders have been evolving their own strategy towards the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Chinese concentration was focused basically to oppose the United States and the United Kingdom in the United Nations. Even when the Soviet Union began to favour the Indian stand, China remained neutral. China cooperated with Pakistan in every field including the Kashmir issue but the United States, Soviet Union and the Western block opposed Chinese efforts in the United Nations. That’s why China remained unsuccessful in resolving the Kashmir dispute.

Imaging the Other Side of the Iron Curtain: Then and Now. Oral History Research Conducted in Eastern Slovakia

For forty years, the Iron Curtain was a symbol of a Europe divided between Soviet and Western influence. Powers on each side of the border invested huge efforts into creating ideologically motivated images of the Other. The article presents the outcomes of biographical research which offers an insight into how aged people in Eastern Slovakia remember their pre-1989 perceptions of the Western Block and how they think of life in the West today, focusing on the main element of their memories in this respect – emigration. It is the outcome of a broader oral history project being conducted in Slovakia since 2017, aiming to obtain and analyse current images of socialism, as communicated today by the generation of witnesses who were living their adult lives during the period spanning between the 1960s and the 1980s; and understanding the relations between the current attitudes and values of the respondents and their experience of life in state socialist regimes.

Geochemical Features of the Tulallar Gold Ore Field

The article discusses the geochemical features of the Tulallar gold field in the Lesser Caucasus. Distributions of gold and accompanying elements (Ag, As, Hg, Bi, Cu, Zn) in metasomatically altered rocks taken from mine workings (ditches, adits, etc.) and wells are considered. The results of analyzes of furrow samples showed that the content of Au ranges from 0.4 ppm to 37.5 ppm, Ag - from 0.5 ppm to 48.4 ppm. In strongly kaolinized, weakly limonitized quartzites, the Au content ranged from 0.4 to 1.2 ppm, Ag - from 4.0 to 8.8 ppm. In the well drilled in the Central Block, closer to the surface, the siliceous breccias contain Au 309-363 ppm, Ag 132-250 ppm, and high As, Bi and Hg contents are also noted. A similar picture is observed in the silicified rocks of the wells of the Western block. Correlations between Au, Ag and other impurity elements were determined using the STAT program. A direct positive correlation has been established between Au and Ag, Au and Bi, Au and Hg. A positive relationship was also found between Ag and Bi, Ag and Hg. Cluster analysis revealed two different mineral associations: 1) native elements and their compounds - minerals and 2) polysulfide. The closest connection is observed between Ag, Hg and Au. Mineralogically, the Ag-Hg-Au-Bi cluster apparently corresponds to an early ore association - electrum, bismuth tellurides, possibly with inclusions of finely dispersed gold. The second, polymetallic cluster is characterized by a weak correlation bond Аs-Сu-Zn, which indicates that polysulfides were deposited later. The largest amount of Au was deposited in the early mineral association.

Participatory forestry improves mangrove forest management in Kenya

Participatory forestry has been recognized as a tool for improving tropical forest management. The current study assessed the impacts of participatory forest management (PFM) on the structure and regeneration of a mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Data were collected along belt transects perpendicular to the waterline in both co-managed and state-managed mangrove forests. Basal area and standing density were significantly higher in the co-managed mangrove forests (16 m2/ha and 4 341 tree/ha) as compared to the state forests (eastern block 10.3 m2/ha and 2 673 trees/ha; western block 6.2 m2/ha and 2 436 trees/ha). There were significantly higher (p = 0.0068) densities of merchantable poles in community-managed as compared to state-managed forests. Natural regeneration patterns in community-managed and state-managed forests were deemed adequate to support the recovery of both forests. The results demonstrate that community participation contributes to improved management of mangrove forests and is in agreement with the principles of sustainable forest management.

APPLICATION OF A DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM WITH A DIAGONAL ARRANGEMENT OF PRODUCING STOPES IN THE POTASH ORE EXTRACTION

The improvement of the room mining system for the extraction of potash salts is cur-rently very relevant, as it allows solving a number of tasks – from improving the safety of min-ing operations to improving the quality of the extracted ore. The use of producing stopes ori-ented in the direction of the fold axes of the working seams allows reducing the dilution of ore by minimizing the cases of pruning of the rock salt overlying seams, as well as increase the productivity of combine systems by increasing the length of the producing stopes and a smooth-er junction of the stopes and the extraction drift. The article considers the application of an im-proved development system on the 4th western block of the 4th-5th north-western panel of the BKPRU-4 mine take of Uralkali PJSC.

Participatory Forestry Improves Mangrove Forest Management in Kenya

Background: Mangrove forests worldwide are highly valued for their social, ecological and environmental roles. Participatory forestry has been recognized as a tool for improvement of forest conditions. The current study assessed impacts of PFM implementation on structure and regeneration of mangroves at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Forest data was collected along belt transects perpendicular to waterline in both community and state managed blocks. Results: Basal area and standing density were significantly higher in the co-managed forests (16 m2 ha-1 and 4,341 tree ha-1) as compared to the state managed forests (eastern block 10.3 m2 ha-1 and 2,673 trees ha-1; western block 6.2 m2 ha-1 and 2,436 trees ha-1). There were significantly higher (p = 0.0068) densities of quality class poles in co-managed forest block as compared to state-managed eastern and western blocks. Natural regeneration values of 38,822 juveniles ha-1 in the co-managed central block and 23,556 and 35,061 juveniles ha-1 in the state managed eastern and western blocks respectively are considered adequate to support recovery of the forest. A higher complexity index (CI) recorded in the co-managed mangrove forest compared to the state managed eastern and western blocks is particularly due to improved stand density, tree height, and biomass resulting from increased surveillance and protection by the community. The results have wide implications in the management of mangroves for community and biodiversity benefits and climate change mitigation.Conclusion: The results support community participation for improved management of mangrove forests and are in conformity with sectoral policies on natural resources management in Kenya.

Comparative studies on two phases of Archaean TTG magmas from different blocks of the North China Craton: petrogenesis and constraints on crustal evolution

Whole-rock major and trace elements and Hf isotopes of magmatic zircons of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) rocks with different ages (2.9, 2.7 and 2.5 Ga) from the three blocks (the Eastern Block, Western Block and Trans-North China Orogen) of the North China Craton were compiled to investigate their respective petrogenesis, tectonic setting and implications for crustal growth and evolution. Geochemical features of the 2.5 Ga TTGs of the Eastern Block require melting of predominant rutile-bearing eclogite and subordinate garnet-amphibolite at higher pressure, while the source material of the 2.7 Ga TTGs is garnet-amphibolite or granulite at lower pressure. The 2.5 Ga TTGs have high Mg#, Cr and Ni, negative Nb–Ta anomalies and a juvenile basaltic crustal source, indicating derivation from the melting of a subducting slab. In contrast, features of the 2.7 Ga TTGs suggest generation from melting of thickened lower crust. The 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen were formed at garnet-amphibolite to eclogite facies, and the source material of the 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Western Block is most likely garnet-amphibolite or eclogite. The 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen and Western Block were generated by the melting of a subducting slab, whereas the 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen derived from melting of thickened lower crust. The Hf isotopic data suggest both the 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTG magmas were involved with contemporary crustal growth and reworking. The two-stage model age (TDM2) histograms show major crustal growth between 2.9 and 2.7 Ga for the whole North China Craton.

Metamorphic P-T-t paths of high-pressure felsic and pelitic from the Qianlishan Complex and tectonic implications for the Khondalite Belt in the North China Craton

<p>The Khondalite Belt is an east-west-trending Paleoproterozoic continental-continental collisional belt, separating the Western Block of the North China Craton into the Yinshan Block and the Ordos Block from north to south. In the past years, extensive metamorphic and geochronological investigations for pelitic granulites have been carried out in the Khondalite Belt. However, felsic granulites attract just a little attention although they are widely exposed in the field and potentially preserve key high-pressure information, thus hindering better understanding of the tectonic processes and settings of this critical area. In this study, a link between ‘inter-layered’ felsic and pelitic granulites from the Qianlishan Complex of the Khondalite Belt was established based on comprehensive metamorphic analysis. Three distinct metamorphic stages including peak pressure (M<sub>1</sub>), post-peak decompression (M<sub>2</sub>) and late retrograde cooling (M<sub>3</sub>) stages have been identified in the felsic and pelitic granulites. Felsic granulites experienced high-pressure metamorphism up to ~12 kbar, while estimated peak pressure for pelitic granulites is 11-15 kbar. The decompression stage (M<sub>2</sub>) is represented by cordierite + sillimanite symplectite and/or cordierite coronae with conditions of 5.7-6.5 kbar/800-835 °C in pelitic granulites, and by garnet-sillimanite assemblages formed at conditions of >6.5 kbar/810-865 °C in felsic granulites. The later cooling stage (M<sub>3</sub>) is indicated by sub-solidus biotite-quartz-plagioclase symplectite and later melt crystallization. Clockwise P-T paths involving near-isothermal decompression and near-isobaric cooling were defined by these mineral assemblages and approximate P-T conditions, which suggest a continent-continent collisional event. SIMS zircon U-Pb dating yields a consistent metamorphic age of ~1.95 Ga from felsic granulites, interpreted as the timing of peak metamorphism. The results, combined with previously reported data, suggest that the Khondalite Belt formed by collision between the Yinshan and Ordos blocks at ~1.95 Ga.</p>