Poverty as a global problem of humankind

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2785-2806
Author(s):  
Eka R. ERMAKOVA ◽  
Dar'ya V. VASHURKINA
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Estimate Method ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Subject. This article considers poverty as a global economic problem and explores its level in the countries of the world. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of poverty of the population in the countries of the world according to international and national criteria. Methods. For the study, we applied a comprehensive approach using comparison, analysis and synthesis, and the normalized estimate method. Results. A comprehensive study of poverty shows that the phenomenon of poverty is inherent in all economies of the world, and the situation of the poor is deteriorating and complicated by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. The activities of international organizations to overcome poverty bring good results – the percentage of the population in the countries of the world beyond the threshold of extreme poverty is decreasing. Overcoming the problem of hunger and extreme poverty, countries face a new challenge, namely, ensuring a decent standard of living and establishing adequate national criteria for the poverty line.

scholarly journals Growth Factors: Living Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Sh. Zainutdinov ◽  
Z. Ashurov ◽  
R. Nurimbenov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The World

In all countries of the world, the standard of living of the population remains the most acute economic problem. This paper discusses the issues and factors of improving the living standards of the population, it highlights the issues of demography, population growth, consumption growth, resource endowment, consumer baskets, consumer ability and purchasing power of the population, what is expected for a standard of living in the long term — for the millennium, the approaches to this issue of the UN and leading international organizations.

scholarly journals Investment strategy for 2021: market fluctuations in an uneven recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
A. A. Gafurov ◽  
E. I. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Asset Classes

The purpose of this article is to study the prospects for investment in 2021, both in Russia and abroad. The task is to analyze the macroeconomic situation and financial markets in the world, as well as different sectors of economies with potentially attractive prospects for recovery and development. The methods used in the article are comparison, analysis and synthesis. As a result of the study, economic sectors, asset classes and issuers are identified that can demonstrate significant growth in 2021.

scholarly journals Artistic stylization as the main means of expression in different genres of fine arts

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Veronika Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the method of stylization and determine its creative and expressive role in various genres of fine arts. Based on the experience of the world and domestic visual art to explore the practical use of methods and techniques of artistic stylization. The methodology consists of the application of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and methods of art history (comparative, typological, descriptive). The scientific novelty of the work consists in a comprehensive study and identification of the features of expressive means of artistic stylization of a pictorial composition in different genres of modern fine art. Conclusions. Exploring the expressive means of artistic stylization of composition in various genres of fine arts, it can be noted that leading foreign and domestic artists in their work have widely used a variety of techniques and methods of creative stylization of artistic images. The analysis of the experience of the world and domestic visual art of fine stylization should promote better visual perception and creation of subject-spatial stylized compositions and is, therefore, an extremely fruitful object of research.

International Cotton Advisory Committee

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Cotton ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Information

The thirteenth plenary meeting of the International Cotton Advisory Committee was held in Sāo Paulo, Brazil, from June 7 to 16, 1954. Senor Garibaldi Dantas (Brazil) was Chairman of the meeting. Representatives from 25 member governments and observers from 15 other governments and from three international organizations were in attendance. The Committee heard reports from its officers and a review of the world cotton situation and statements on the cotton situation in various countries. Seventeen resolutions were adopted. The first five related to the financial affairs of the Committee including the budget for 1954–1955; others: 1) asked the Secretariat to make preliminary inquiries of technical and research bodies regarding comparative information on fiber properties of commercial cotton; 2) suggested that governments should consider action to encourage an increase in world consumption of cotton; 3) asked governments to submit information regarding the results of technological research on the properties and utilization of cotton and the organization and financing of agencies conducting such research; 4) invited the attention of national and international organizations to the fact that the most effective and lasting way of increasing cotton consumption was to raise the standard of living in underdeveloped areas; 5) asked the Secretariat to secure information on new and improved products of and uses for cotton; 6) asked governments to consider an international cotton welfare program outlined in a report on expanding world cotton consumption; and 7) asked the Secretariat to continue providing information on the use of synthetic fibers.

scholarly journals Basic income and its applicability in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 6-26
Author(s):  
Senem Çakmak Şahin ◽  
İbrahim Engin Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractIn search of justice in income distribution and easy access to necessities by everyone, basic income (BI) has become one of the main topics of conversation. However, there is no comprehensive study on the cost and effect of BI in Turkey. This study aims to set a theoretical framework for BI, compare different views on the topic, evaluate implementations from the world, and analyze the feasibility of a BI program in Turkey by estimating its costs and distributional consequences using a tax–benefit microsimulation. The results show that, although it improves the income distribution, implementing a basic income scheme financed by income tax would impose a significant burden on the upper half of the income distribution due to widespread poverty and income inequality. In the baseline, individual-based scenario, every individual aged 15 or above is granted a BI equal to the poverty line, while children below age 15 are granted 30 percent of this amount. This plan costs 17.77 percent of the gross domestic product and it is covered by multiplying current income tax by 3.54. Implementation of this plan decreases the poverty rate from 12.43 percent to zero and the Gini index from 0.388 to 0.181.

scholarly journals The Prospects for Creating Instruments for the Coordination of Activities of International Organizations in the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Petrovna Talimonchik
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Information Society ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Institutional Competition ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

The objective of the research is identifying the prospects for the development of instruments for coordinating the activities of international organizations on the regulation of artificial intelligence and elaborating proposals in relation to the mechanisms of cooperation of international organizations on the universal level on issues related to artificial intelligence. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods, including the logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the research. In the research it was found that Action Lines of the World Summit on the Information Society are working on issues that are discussed at the AI for Good Global Summit. The activities of the World Summit on the Information Society such as ICT regulation are more general in nature while those of the AI for Good Global Summit are more special. The problem of “international institutional competition” of the two discussion platforms can be resolved by ITU’s efforts to coordinate the two discussion platforms and by supplementing the competence of UNGIS with issues of artificial intelligence. The findings can be used in activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information law.

scholarly journals A. MASLOW’S CONCEPT OF VALUES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ITS APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
А.V. Bukurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Modern Information

In the modern information society a man is in the flow of a dynamic life. An avalanche of information falls on him, which has a strong impact on his consciousness. In this situation the question of human values becomes particularly relevant. The relevance of the values’ problem draws attention to the concepts that reveal new aspects in the determination, formation and functioning of values. Regarding it the A. Maslow’s concept of values, built by a researcher in the XX century on the basis of psychology, is of interest. The purpose of the research is to reveal the main provisions of the A. Maslow’s concept of values highlighting the moments of novelty in them, and to show its influence on the certain cultural phenomena, in particular astrology. The analysis of astrology is based on the material of works of D. Rudhyar, the famous philosopher and astrologer. Within the research such methods of humanitarian knowledge as the method of comparison, analysis and synthesis are used. It is need to separately note the method of philosophical hermeneutics, the main elements of which are understanding and interpretation of the text. The study of the A. Maslow’s concept of values and the possibilities of its application in culture allows us to outline the new ways of entering the applied axiology, which is closely related to the inner man. A new determinant of the genesis of values – psychological – is discovered. A. Maslow reveals that the basis of the formation of values is the person’s needs and abilities. It is on their basis the valuable and significant for a person is formed. An attempt is made to move the issue of developing values from a purely descriptive plane to a practical one, eliminating the gap between «what is» and «what should be». It is revealed the usefulness of applying the A. Maslow’s concept of values with the example of astrology, which is not exclusively descriptive but involves an active practical application of it by a person. Moreover, based on that, markers of human interests and his receptivity to various cultural phenomena, in particular, astrology, are identified. The revealed features give a new way of looking at the explanation of the reasons for modern people hobbies and addictions to different non-scientific ways of mastering the world, including astrology. The research seems to be significant for further investigation of the forms and methods of human mastering the world and his interests in various aspects of modern cultural life.

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

GREEN ECONOMIC MODEL: PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Александровна Тарханова
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

За последние двадцать лет в мире сформировалась концепция «зеленой» экономики, которая соединила в себе комплексную увязку двух ключевых компонентов: экономического и экологического. Такая модель экономики должна способствовать более гармоничному согласованию между этими компонентами, которое было бы уместно для всех государств. В статье изучены предпосылки становления и развития «зеленой» экономической модели. Проведено исследование подходов международных организаций к определению понятия «зеленая» экономика. Over the past twenty years, the concept of a "green" economy has emerged in the world, which combines a complex alignment of two key components: economic and environmental. Such an economic model should contribute to a more harmonious harmonization between these components, which would be appropriate for all groups of countries. The article studies the prerequisites for the formation and development of a "green" economic model. A study of the approaches of national and international organizations to the definition of the concept of "green" economy.

Accountability in Global Governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
Austerity Policy ◽  
Comprehensive Study

How can international organizations (IOs) like the United Nations (UN) and their implementing partners be held accountable if their actions and policies violate fundamental human rights? Political scientists and legal scholars have shed a much-needed light on the limits of traditional accountability when it comes to complex global governance. However, conventional studies on IO accountability fail to systematically analyze a related, puzzling empirical trend: human rights violations that occur in the context of global governance do not go unnoticed altogether; they are investigated and sanctioned by independent third parties. This book puts forward the concept of pluralist accountability, whereby third parties hold IOs and their implementing partners accountable for human rights violations. We can expect pluralist accountability to evolve if a competitive environment stimulates third parties to enact accountability and if the implementing actors are vulnerable to human rights demands. Based on a comprehensive study of UN-mandated operations in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Kosovo, the European Union Troika’s austerity policy, and global public–private health partnerships in India, this book demonstrates how competition and human rights vulnerability shape the evolution of pluralist accountability in response to diverse human rights violations, such as human trafficking, the violation of the rights of detainees, economic rights, and the right to consent in clinical trials. While highlighting the importance of studying alternative accountability mechanisms, this book also argues that pluralist accountability should not be regarded as a panacea for IOs’ legitimacy problems, as it is often less legalized and might cause multiple accountability disorder.

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