Choosing effective solutions in conflict situations taking into account the interests of stakeholders

When choosing effective tactical and strategic decisions by business entities, it is necessary to take into account the interests of stakeholders. From the point of view of increasing competitiveness, the main importance should be given to competitors, as the most important external stakeholders. Competitors have directly opposite interests to the analyzed economic entities and have a negative impact on their activities, therefore, conflict situations arise. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting effective solutions, taking into account the interests of competitors as the most important stakeholders. The proposed methodology can be used in the analysis of systems for various purposes and includes the formation of the goals of the analyzed object, the identification and selection of competitors and the formulation of strategies of the parties to the conflict. The efficiency matrix is formed using the efficiency functions and the antagonism condition of the analyzed objects. The choice of effective solutions is made by choosing the principle of optimality. A special feature of the proposed methodology is the complex application of theories: competition theory, stakeholder theory, and antagonistic game theory. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of systems for various purposes: industrial enterprises, commercial organizations, investment projects, research organizations, etc.

Introduction of Fog Computations to Measuring System Collection and Accounting of Data of Distributed Internet of Things

The article deals with the problems of speed and timeliness of the development of control actions from digital management systems. Generalization of researches is given. The role of mathematical applications of game theory for the role in the implementation of fog and boundary computations in the paradigm of the development of digital signal processing systems as well as their optimization value are substantiated.A particular generalization is developed and is given from the processing of an encoded signal sequence that demonstrates the operation of a humidity sensor from the viewpoint of bringing it to the basis of an antagonistic game in order to determine the optimal strategy of the device’s behaviour at a given time interval.The practical significance of the study is confirmed by a new approach to the implementation of economic methods for analysis of probabilistic outcomes within the framework of game theory in an algorithm for analysis of a digital signal for a linear comparator of recorded physical quantities in the form of digital levels. The value of such analysis metrics in network-centric distributed systems of the Internet of things in multiplexing environments is given.

Strategic Interaction of State Institutions and Enterprises with Economic Security Positions in Digital Economy

The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the influence of state institutions on the enterpriseeconomic security system of using the provisions of game theory. For each of the two participants in the game -state institutions and enterprises - proposed indicators determine the strategy of the game participant and theirbehavior in such a game. The content of each of the proposed indicators is considered and it is shown how theirvalue can be obtained. The proposed indicators for both participants in the game are leveled to a single scale.The indicators of the model of the antagonistic game between the enterprise and state institutions aredetermined that became the basis for the construction of the game model, which is a tuple. The developedmodel of the influence of state institutions on the enterprise economic security system, represented by acombination of possible strategies for the behavior of both participants in the game in hyper cubic fivedimensional space, which are expressed by the values of indicators for each of these participants, as well as thecalculated “gain” for each of these combinations. Using this model allows to achieve different resultsdepending on the goal of the study. The main result of the model is the search for a balance of interests in the“enterprise-state” system. That is, the search for those points of stable choice that can be obtained using thedeveloped model, namely: search for a local or general extremum in the game field, which will determine themaximum win for one of the participants or the total win of two participants at the same time; research andquantitative estimation of the actual and maximum possible negative impact of state institutions on theeconomic security system of business entities; determining the expected change in the influence of stateinstitutions on the economic security system of business entities due to changes in its strategy; theestablishment of the best strategy for a business entity in existing conditions, which, according to the selectedcriterion, will ensure the stable functioning of the economic security system at an enterprise; determination ofthe limits of the negative impact of state institutions on the economic security system of an enterprise.

CONFIDERATION OF NAVIGATION DANGER AT THE CHOICE OF MANOEUVRE OF DIVERGENCE OF SHIP WITH TWO TARGETS

It registers in the publication, that one of major is the problem of providing of safety of navigation, the successful decision of which conduces to the decline of harm of human life and environment. Paid attention, that sailing of maritime vessels in the straitened districts is considerably complicated by the navigation obstacles and intensive navigation, which create pre-conditions for the origin of emergency situations, thus sailing in the straitened districts is characterized by the fleeting change of navigation situation, that requires development of operative methods of estimation of danger of rapprochement and choice of safe maneuver of divergence. The high level of the use on the ship of information technologies determines expedience of computer realization of the developed methods of prevention of collision of vessels. It is specified, that in the conditions of intensive navigation there are the situations of dangerous rapprochement of ship with two targets at presence of navigation danger in the district of maneuvering. The analysis of the last achievements and publications is resulted on the theme of prevention of collisions of vessels and it is shown that at the locally-independent management for this purpose offered method of forming of flexible strategies of divergence, methods of nonlinear integral invariance and theories of optimum discrete processes. Formalization is also produced cooperation of vessels in the situations of dangerous rapprochement and choice of strategy of divergence. Strategy of urgent divergence is considered at rapprochement of vessels on small distances and description of process of divergence of vessels and choice of maneuver of divergence is produced in terms of differential antagonistic game. It is shown that for the decision the problem set in the article it is necessary to choose the course of deviation the nearest to programmatic, and which does not belong to none of three impermissible great number of courses of deviation: with the first target, with the second target and with a navigation danger. The condition of the safe passing by the ship of point danger, which foresees superiority of value of distance of the shortest rapprochement with her above the value of maximum possible distance of rapprochement, is resulted, and his analytical expression which allows to expect scope safe courses of deviation of ship. For estimation of danger of rapprochement of ship with a target equalizations of scopes of region of impermissible parameters of motion of ship are resulted. The situation of rapprochement of ship is considered with two targets and the regions of impermissible values of parameters of motion of ship in relation to each of targets are formed. The condition of dangerous rapprochement is formulated. The example of situation of rapprochement of ship with two targets is represented, when there is a point navigation danger in the district of sailing. The graphic reflection of regions of impermissible values of parameters of motion of ship in relation to each of targets is shown, on which the maximum courses of deviation on navigation limitations are also inflicted by the dotted Судноводіння | Shipping & Navigation ISSN 2306-5761 | 2618-0073 30-2020 100 Національний університет «Одеська морська академія» lines. The optimum courses of deviation by the change of course to the right and to the left are certain.

Application of game theory when taking decisions and choosing the best variant

The paper is devoted to a new way of determining optimal distribution of resources in performing construction and assembly work. Properly analyzed territorial features of the construction site, the local topography and housing density, the degree of the system reliability, available resources, and options for carrying out work may help reduce construction costs. That may be done after choosing the best variant relying on a number of criteria, which is one of the main goals for any organization and one of the main principles of efficient use of resources. As a simulation of this situation, it is offered to consider the theory of games. The solution of the antagonistic game in relation to the gasification of housing development by a construction and assembly organization is considered. A solution to this type of game in mixed and pure strategies is offered. The results obtained may be used for further engineering evaluation. Application of this approach at early stages of construction, namely while planning and designing, may cut energy costs, will significantly reduce the organization’s expenses and decrease the project implementation time by spending a little more time for taking decision at the preliminary stage. It was shown that the reliability of the system in diverse variants meets the regulatory requirements.

Games with fuzzy payment matrix

We consider a method for solving an antagonistic game with a fuzzy payment matrix based on converting fuzzy estimates of the consequences of possible strategies into an integral estimate in the form of an equivalent fuzzy set with a triangular membership function. The method does not impose restrictions on the type of membership functions for fuzzy elements of the payment.

THEORY OF GAMES IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OF UKRAINE

The purpose of this article is to reveal the possibility of using game theory in the criminal process of Ukraine. The article deals with the adversarial principle of the criminal proceedings. The presence of conflicting interests of both sides gives rise to the procedural interests of each of them. Defending legal positions with due regard for procedural interests leads to rational behavior of the both sides. Such activities can be called strategic, and the process of achieving the interests of the both sides in criminal proceedings is the strategy of the sides to criminal proceedings. Both sides in criminal proceedings will develop optimal strategies for achieving the appropriate procedural goal. The choice of the optimal strategy of the prosecution or the defense allows you to use game theory, as the theory of mathematical models for making optimal decisions in the context of a divergence of interests of the both sides in criminal proceedings. The article provides a definition of strategy and a definition of Game Theory. Conflicts that are considered in game theory are compared by analogy with a dispute in a criminal proceeding. The work of B.D. Leonov “The role of the theory of strategic behavior (game theory) in the regulation of the fight against terrorism” about the fact that game theory helps to choose the best strategies, taking into account ideas about other participants, their resources and possible actions. The work of A.A. Shiyan “Game Theory: Basics and Applications in Economics and Management” about the need to master the skills and abilities to apply game theory. The work of O.Y. Baev “Selected Works on the Problems of Criminalistics and Criminal Procedure” about the fact that, from the standpoint of the categorical apparatus of game theory, the adversarial principle completely fits into the so-called antagonistic game of two players. It was analyzed the work of O.G. Yanovskaja “Effective implementation of the functions of the prosecution and defense as a condition of adversary criminal proceedings” about the strategy and tactics of advocacy from the perspective of using the concept of solving game theory. It was analyzed the work of Y.A. Tsvetkov “The game of justice: How to increase the gain?” which examines the practical application of game theory in criminal proceedings using the Nash matrix and algorithms for making optimal decisions. It is concluded that the adversarial principle can be applied using ready-made mathematical models to make optimal decisions in criminal proceedings in order to achieve Nash equilibrium and, in general, increase the predictability of the outcome of criminal proceedings. Key words: game theory, criminal proceedings.

Effective decisions for individualized assessment and minimization of the risk of unfriendly takeover of enterprises: the features of the game theory application

The conditions for doing business at this stage are often similar in a game in which you need to calculate your actions a few steps ahead. At the same time, it is important to highlight several possible current options and make the necessary decision at the control moment. Moreover, each of the options formed should be justified, understandable and take into account the risk factors and available resources.Today, the main problem of assessing and minimizing the risk of “unfriendly takeover” is due to the fact that in most cases the raider is a player who acts quite legitimately and relies on the loopholes of the current legislative framework. Therefore, it is easier to identify possible actions of the raider and to avoid them within the limits of the reverse game than to deal with the consequences.The purpose of the research is to study the specificity of the individualized assessment and minimization of the risk of “unfriendly takeover” by using elements of game theory.It has been taken into account that the effect of individualization in assessing the risk of unfriendly takeover of enterprises can possibly be achieved on the basis of the application of game theory, the elements of which provide simulation of the unfriendly takeover process within the mathematical description of the inherent combinations of attack/defence as if they actually occurred in time both within one state of the external environment and for their given set.The results allowed forming mathematical decision-making models based on the elements of the antagonistic game “raider-target enterprise” and “raider games with the external environment”, which proved the possibility to: 1) identify possible functions of wins/losses; 2) combinations of attacks that can be neglected (that is, from the point of view of the rationality of decisions, will be rejected by the raider); 3) the ranking of the raider’s “attack combinations” for the reliability of their use during “unfriendly takeover”. Under such conditions, the target company can provide not only a detailed assessment, but also an effective minimization of the risk of “unfriendly takeover” and allocate the best combination of protection.