DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE FOR CHOPPING WOOD RESIDUES

CAD software and FEM analysis were used to modify the drum of threshing machine into machine for chopping wood residues. The operating parameters that affecting the performance of the chopping machine are drum speed (450, 1000 and 1200 rpm), three stages of serrated disk arrangement clearance between drum flail knives (0.7, 1.5 and 3 cm) and three levels of feeding capacity (W1 􀵌 300, W2 = 360 and W3 = 420 kg.h-1). The developed machine was operated by the addition of two types of knives (sharp free knives + serrated discs) to the original knife existing already in the machine. The machine was evaluated in terms of production capacity, cutting efficiency, power requirements and energy consumption. Using the modified (serrated) saw disk mill and flail knives reduced the energy requirement for chopping and raised fine degree of the chopped materials and solve the clogging problem. The cutting productivity and cutting efficiency raised with reducing the clearance between flail knives (0.7, 1.5 and 3 cm) while the power requirements and energy consumption reduced.

DETERMINATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A STEP DISK MILL

The calculation of the design parameters of a disc mill equipped with a feeder made in the form of a conical hopper is given. For shredders of the disintegrator type, it is very important to ensure the uniformity of loading of the crushed material of the working zone of active impact on particles. In addition, the most important factor is the throughput capacity of all sections of the grinding plant. The throughput should be determined by the design and technological parameters of the working chamber of the mill. Its overload can lead to a blockage of the working chamber, and insufficient throughput will negatively affect the intensity and effectiveness of the impact on the particles of the material. For example, insufficient concentration of particles in the secondary zone of the grinding chamber leads to a decrease in the efficiency of mutual abrasion. The article attempts to determine the design and technological parameters in the loading and accelerating parts of the disk mill. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the throughput of the disk spreader and the volumetric flow rate of the material particles flowing from the hopper. In this case, it is advisable to take into account that as a result of a rather high rotational speed and the size of the initial particles, with the wrong height of the radial blade of the spreader, material particles can roll over the radial blades, which leads to a delay of the material in the zone of the spreading disc. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the calculation formulas for finding the required height of the radial blade of the spreading disc, depending on the size of the initial particles. The formula demonstrates that the height of the separating blade depends on the particle size, the speed of rotation of the disks and the distance to the point of meeting of the particle with the radial blade.

DETERMINATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS OF A STEP DISK MILL

The calculation of the design parameters of a disc mill equipped with a feeder made in the form of a conical hopper is given. For shredders of the disintegrator type, it is very important to ensure the uniformity of loading of the crushed material of the working zone of active impact on particles. In addition, the most important factor is the throughput capacity of all sections of the grinding plant. The throughput should be determined by the design and technological parameters of the working chamber of the mill. Its overload can lead to a blockage of the working chamber, and insufficient throughput will negatively affect the intensity and effectiveness of the impact on the particles of the material. For example, insufficient concentration of particles in the secondary zone of the grinding chamber leads to a decrease in the efficiency of mutual abrasion. The article attempts to determine the design and technological parameters in the loading and accelerating parts of the disk mill. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the throughput of the disk spreader and the volumetric flow rate of the material particles flowing from the hopper. In this case, it is advisable to take into account that as a result of a rather high rotational speed and the size of the initial particles, with the wrong height of the radial blade of the spreader, material particles can roll over the radial blades, which leads to a delay of the material in the zone of the spreading disc. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the calculation formulas for finding the required height of the radial blade of the spreading disc, depending on the size of the initial particles. The formula demonstrates that the height of the separating blade depends on the particle size, the speed of rotation of the disks and the distance to the point of meeting of the particle with the radial blade.

Investigation of the influence of the pattern of a disc mill set on the process of obtaining powdered pulp

On the market of pulp and paper products, new requests for more narrowly targeted products appear every year. To stay competitive in the market, manufacturers need to use not only traditional types of fibrous materials, but also use with excellent characteristics from the usual cellulose. The article discusses the role of the knife process of pulp grinding. A method for producing powdered cellulose with preliminary grinding in a disk mill is proposed. The paper-forming properties of the pulp and the degree of polymerization of powdered cellulose, depending on the degree of grinding, are given.

BIO BRIKET CANGKANG ALEURITES MOLUCCANA MELALUI GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK DENGAN VARIAN DAYA DAN DURASI WAKTU KARBONISASI

<span lang="EN-US">Bio briquette is a source of energy derived from biomass and can be used as a solid fuel instead of petroleum and other energy derived from fossils. Bio briquettes are one of the alternative solutions that are quite effective and efficient in dealing with the crisis of energy sources, one of which is by optimizing the pecan shell or shell of Aleurites moluccana as a bio briquette. Pecan shell is a waste that is very abundant in Indonesia and can be used as a solid fuel that is environmentally friendly and has a high calorific value. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of microwave electromagnetic waves on the bio briquette quality of pecan shells through power variants and the duration of carbonization time. The stages are pecan shell cleaning, carbonization process with microwave electromagnetic waves at predetermined power and duration of time (0.5, 1, 1.5 and, 2 hours), the process of crushing into charcoal with disk mill equipment, mixing with adhesive material with a ratio between the mass of charcoal and adhesive material 80:20 (b/b), bio briquette printing and the last stage is drying with sunlight for 2 days. From the analysis obtained the most optimum results are at 440 watts of power for 1 hour with the following results: water content of 7.30%, ash content: 7.48%, Carbon Bound obtained: 73.31%, Volatile matter: 30.23% and, the calorific value of bio briquette is: 5706.24816 cal/gram</span>

Penerapan Disk Mill Pada UMKM Anugerah Produksi Vitamin Unggas di Desa Sekarmojo Kecamatan Purwosari

Poultry vitamins are one of the nutrients needed by breeders. This poultry vitamin serves to accelerate the growth of poultry, maintain the quality of poultry meat, improve the quality of poultry eggs, prolong poultry egg production and accelerate poultry egg production. One of the partners who was worked together with the ITN Malang team is engaged in the field of poultry vitamins production and wants to increase the turnover of poultry vitamin production. All the time, the price of poultry vitamins from factories is considered high enough so that farmers have objections to buying poultry vitamins from the factory. The community service team observed at the quality of poultry vitamins which are produced in the Purwosari area and will transfer technology to apply a disk mill in the production process which will be able to increase the production of poultry vitamins in good prices but with high quality also. In addition, the community service team will improve the packaging by used aluminum foil to avoid moisture and later will be given a logo to facilitate the sales process to breeders. After improved the packaging, it has expected can be freely marketing with the general standardization of poultry vitamins. So that farmers can get cheap and good quality poultry vitamins. From the results of the activities carried out, it was found that a disk mill machine with a capacity of 150 kg / hour. It if the production of 500 kg takes 3 hours with one workers person. So that the partners can save time and production costs. So that the profits obtained now increase 25% from previous profits. Meanwhile the packaging used by the team partners now used aluminum foil so that the product looks more attractive and is able to hold the product dry.

Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Abu Ampas Tebu dan Serat Ampas Tebu Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Pada Mortar

Penelitian tentang pengaruh variasi penambahan abu ampas tebu dan serat ampas tebu terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis pada mortar telah dilakukan. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain abu ampas tebu, serat ampas tebu, semen portland, CaCl dan air. Abu ampas tebu diperoleh dari pembakaran ampas tebu pada suhu 700 ˚C selama 2 jam. Serat ampas tebu diperoleh dari pencacahan ampas tebu menggunakan mesin disk mill dengan ayakan berukuran 5 mm. Perbandingan semen, abu ampas tebu dan serat ampas tebu yang digunakan yaitu sampel A (90%:0%:10%), sampel B (85%:5%:10%) dan sampel C (80%:10%:10%), dengan penambahan CaCl sebesar 5% dari massa total dan 250 ml air. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu uji fisis (daya serap air dan kerapatan) dan uji mekanis (kuat tekan, kuat lentur dan kuat tarik belah) serta karakterisasi scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Mortar sampel A masuk dalam kategori mortar tipe S dengan kuat tekan sebesar 132,28 kg/cm2, mortar sampel B masuk dalam kategori mortar tipe M dengan kuat tekan sebesar 176,16 kg/cm2 dan mortar sampel C masuk dalam kategori mortar tipe S dengan kuat tekan sebesar 170,68 kg/cm2, secara keseluruhan sampel C memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi baik secara fisis maupun mekanisnya, mikrostruktur sampel C lebih baik dibandingkan sampel A dan B karena memiliki butiran yang lebih kecil serta terdapat banyak gumpalan yang menyebabkan ukuran pori mengecil sehingga kerapatannya meningkat, penambahan abu ampas tebu meningkatkan jumlah unsur oksigen yang dapat menambah kekuatan mekanis mortar.

High concentrated mass transportation to the grinding zone

Transportation of high concentrated fibrous materials to the disk mill grinding zone may be accompanied by problems when the fibrous material clogs the knife gap and causes subsequent failure of the grinding equipment. The article considers one of the few recommendations helping to eliminate this negative effect taking into account main technological factors of the grinding process.

INFLUENCE OF THE FIBROUS MASS GRINDING METHOD ON THE PROCESS OF POWDER CELLULOSE PRODUCTION

The article presents results of experimental studies of cellulose properties depending on different shaped knife tooling of the disk mill used for grinding. A method for production of powdered cellulose material with characteristics close to microcrystalline cellulose is considered.