Functional Reliability of the Employee in Operation Safety Management System Facilities for the Use of Nuclear Energy

Ensuring the safety of operation of particularly radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous industries and facilities in the field of nuclear power is carried out using various methods, one of which is medical professional selection, selection and admission of personnel to perform official duties. The implementation of medical selection measures in the course of medical examinations using lists of medical contraindications is focused on the possibility of issuing permits to perform certain types of activities at the oiae to persons who do not have appropriate diagnoses. The presence of a disease included in the list of medical contraindications, detected during preliminary and periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, is evidence of late diagnosis and lack of data on pre-nosological disorders that are important for the selection and implementation of preventive rehabilitation and health measures. There was a need to introduce the concept of functional reliability (FR) and methods of its assessment into the practice of medical and psychophysiological support. FR is considered as a property of the functional systems of the employee's body to ensure the performance of prescribed job duties for a certain time and with a given quality, without reducing the psychophysiological adaptation (a person's systemic response to external and internal stimuli and factors aimed at achieving a useful adaptive result to an unacceptable level). The obtained data allowed us to draw a conclusion about the need to take into account the medical component of professional reliability – FR, along with assessments of the motives for choosing a profession and moral qualities, professional competence, compliance of psychological qualities and physical endurance with the requirements of the profession.

Diagnosis in the one-dimensional psychiatry

Based on the analysis of the semantic content of the word diagnosis in general medicine and psychiatry, the author comes to the conclusion that of all the functions of diagnosis (medical, social, economic and statistical), modern psychiatric diagnosis has only the last two ones economic and statistical. The clinical (medical) component of the diagnosis disappears. The origins of this state of things are analyzed. The article substantiates the position that the statistical language of operational psychiatry is a kind of pidgin languages, which led to the one-dimensional psychiatry.

Identification of fungal limonene-3-hydroxylase for biotechnological menthol production

More than 30,000 tons of menthol are produced every year as a flavor and fragrance compound or as medical component. So far, only extraction from plant material or chemical synthesis is possible. An alternative approach for menthol production could be a biotechnological-chemical process with ideally only two conversion steps, starting from (+)-limonene, which is a side product of the citrus processing industry. The first step requires a limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3H) activity that specifically catalyzes hydroxylation of limonene at carbon atom 3. Several protein engineering strategies already attempted to create limonene-3-hydroxylases from bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s), which can be efficiently expressed in bacterial hosts. However, their regiospecificity is rather low, if compared to the highly selective L3H enzymes from the biosynthetic pathway towards menthol in Mentha species. The only naturally occurring limonene-3-hydroxylase activity identified in microorganisms so far, was reported for a strain of the black yeast-like fungus Hormonema sp. in South Africa. We have discovered further fungi that can catalyze the intended reaction and identified potential CYP-encoding genes within the genome sequence of one of the strains. Using heterologous gene expression and biotransformation experiments in yeasts, we were able to identify limonene-3-hydroxylases from Aureobasidium pullulans and Hormonema carpetanum. Further characterization of the A. pullulans enzyme demonstrated its high stereospecificity and regioselectivity, its potential for limonene-based menthol production and its additional ability to convert α- and β-pinene to verbenol and pinocarveol, respectively. Importance (-)-Menthol is an important flavor and fragrance compound and furthermore has medicinal uses. To realize a two-step synthesis starting from renewable (+)-limonene, a regioselective limonene-3-hydroxylase enzyme is necessary. We identified enzymes from two different fungi, which catalyze this hydroxylation reaction and represent an important module for the development of a biotechnological process for (-)-menthol production from renewable (+)-limonene.

Identification of fungal limonene-3-hydroxylases for biotechnological menthol production

More than 30,000 tons of menthol are produced every year as a flavor and fragrance compound or as medical component. So far, only extraction from plant material or chemical synthesis is possible. A sustainable alternative approach for menthol production could be a biotechnological-chemical two-step conversion, starting from (+)-limonene, which is a side product of the citrus processing industry. The first step requires a limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3H) activity that specifically catalyzes hydroxylation of limonene at carbon atom 3. Several protein engineering strategies already attempted to create limonene-3-hydroxylases from bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s), which can be efficiently expressed in bacterial hosts. However, their regiospecificity is rather low, if compared to the highly selective L3H enzymes from the biosynthetic pathway towards menthol in Mentha species. The only naturally occurring limonene-3-hydroxylase activity identified in microorganisms so far, was reported for a strain of the black yeast-like fungus Hormonema sp. in South Africa.We have discovered further fungi that can catalyze the intended reaction and identified potential CYP-encoding genes within the genome sequence of one of the strains. Using heterologous gene expression and biotransformation experiments in yeasts, we were able to identify limonene-3-hydroxylases from Aureobasidium pullulans and Hormonema carpetanum. Further characterization of the A. pullulans enzyme demonstrated its high stereospecificity and regioselectivity, its potential for limonene-based menthol production and its additional ability to convert α-and β-pinene to verbenol and pinocarveol, respectively.Importance(−)-Menthol is an important flavor and fragrance compound and furthermore has medicinal uses. To realize a two-step synthesis starting from renewable (+)-limonene, a regioselective limonene-3-hydroxylase enzyme is necessary. We identified enzymes from two different fungi, which catalyze this hydroxylation reaction and represent an important module for the development of a biotechnological process for (−)-menthol production from renewable (+)-limonene.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-Glucoside Treatment Promotes Axonal Regeneration via Rho/ROCK Pathway After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Background: As a medical component in Astragalus(AR) ，Calycosin-7- O -β-D-glucoside（CG）defends ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in cerebral ischemia due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether CG can facilitate I/R injury by stimulating neuroregeneration and its specific mechanism is remained to be elucidated. Methods: In this study, an animal model of ischemic stroke was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Seven days after CG, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to examine the ischemic volume, accompanied by behavioral tests to assess neurological function. Nissl staining and Bielschowsky’s silver staining were used to observe nerve cell damage and axonal loss, while immunofluorescence was used to evaluate axonal regeneration. Results: The expression of proteins associated with the Rho/ROCK pathway was detected by using western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We showed that CG significantly reduced ischemic volume, facilitated axonal regeneration, improved neurological function, and regulated expression of RGMa, Rho, ROCK, and CRMP2. Conclusions: Our results suggested that CG promotes axonal regeneration by limiting activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway to promote recovery after cerebral ischemia.

To the question of improvement of the reporting medical documentation for a naval expedition

Purpose. To analyze results of questionnaire survey of naval medical service specialists on the question of processing of reporting documentation during the cruise.Materials and methods. Questionnaire survey of chief medical officers, analysis of documents, Fisher angular transformation.Results and discussion. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of questionnaires was conducted. The analysis showed that the reporting form shall be simplified and the chief medical officer should be given greater freedom in analyzing various aspects of the medical support of the cruise (the report should be less formalized).Conclusion. Introduction of new reporting forms will allow to evaluate the efficiency of medical component during cruise and to give scientifically based recommendations to military equipment designers, ergonomists, and fleet command on issues of optimization of habitability specifications, implementation of new life-support technologies and lowering the accident rate on naval facilities.

Modern aspects of improving the reliability of the medical component of the human factor in railway transport

The experience of the Sverdlovsk railway in the organization of pre-trip medical examinations using an automated system and software and hardware systems, as well as the ability of the psycho-physiological service in preventing accidents, is presented

BACK TO THE QUESTION OF STUDYING A SPECIAL SUBJECT OF PROOF

The article discusses the previously investigated circumstances of a special subject of proof in the production on the use of compulsory medical measures. The general basis for their use is the proof of the commission of a socially dangerous act and mental disorder, which is connected with the possibility of infliction by these persons of other significant harm or danger to themselves or others. It is noted that to give a single interpretation of the danger of a person outside the types of mental pathology is very problematic - as an evaluative feature, it has not yet been formalized in the law. Attention is drawn to the difficulty for the law enforcer to perceive the essence of specific adult personality disorders and the medical component of an integrated institution of compulsory medical measures. The existing administrative and legal problems in determining and implementing the medical criterion of insanity are examined.

Monitoring the Disulfide Bonds of Folding Isomers of Synthetic CTX A3 Polypeptide Using MS-Based Technology

Native disulfide formation is crucial to the process of disulfide-rich protein folding in vitro. As such, analysis of the disulfide bonds can be used to track the process of the folding reaction; however, the diverse structural isomers interfere with characterization due to the non-native disulfide linkages. Previously, a mass spectrometry (MS) based platform coupled with peptide demethylation and an automatic disulfide bond searching engine demonstrated the potential to screen disulfide-linked peptides for the unambiguous assignment of paired cysteine residues of toxin components in cobra venom. The developed MS-based platform was evaluated to analyze the disulfide bonds of structural isomers during the folding reaction of synthetic cardiotoxin A3 polypeptide (syn-CTX A3), an important medical component in cobra venom. Through application of this work flow, a total of 13 disulfide-linked peptides were repeatedly identified across the folding reaction, and two of them were found to contain cysteine pairings, like those found in native CTX A3. Quantitative analysis of these disulfide-linked peptides showed the occurrence of a progressive disulfide rearrangement that generates a native disulfide bond pattern on syn-CTX A3 folded protein. The formation of these syn-CTX A3 folded protein reaches a steady level in the late stage of the folding reaction. Biophysical and cell-based assays showed that the collected syn-CTX A3 folded protein have a β-sheet secondary structure and cytotoxic activity similar to that of native CTX A3. In addition, the immunization of the syn-CTX A3 folded proteins could induce neutralization antibodies against the cytotoxic activity of native CTX A3. In contrast, these structure activities were poorly observed in the other folded isomers with non-native disulfide bonds. The study highlights the ability of the developed MS platform to assay isomers with heterogeneous disulfide bonds, providing insight into the folding mechanism of the bioactive protein generation.

Urban planning of the resort infrastructure in modern conditions

In tsarist Russia during the Soviet period and till now the resort is recognized as a locality with curative factors. However, in recent years, tourists visit resorts more for the purpose of rest than for recovery. The number of health resorts is decreasing but the number of hotels is increasing. Due to neglect of the medical component in the resort the epidemiological and infectious tension is increasing. In this article on the example of the resort city of Sochi the characteristics of urban planning of the resort infrastructure are given taking into account the customer focus and the need for the development of medicine in the resort. Keywords: urban planning, resort infrastructure, customer focus