Nanofiber-Mâché Hollow Ball Mimicking the Three-Dimensional Structure of a Cyst

The occasional malignant transformation of intracranial epidermoid cysts into squamous cell carcinomas remains poorly understood; the development of an in vitro cyst model is urgently needed. For this purpose, we designed a hollow nanofiber sphere, the “nanofiber-mâché ball.” This hollow structure was fabricated by electrospinning nanofiber onto alginate hydrogel beads followed by dissolving the beads. A ball with approximately 230 mm3 inner volume provided a fibrous geometry mimicking the topography of the extracellular matrix. Two ducts located on opposite sides provided a route to exchange nutrients and waste. This resulted in a concentration gradient that induced oriented migration, in which seeded cells adhered randomly to the inner surface, formed a highly oriented structure, and then secreted a dense web of collagen fibrils. Circumferentially aligned fibers on the internal interface between the duct and hollow ball inhibited cells from migrating out of the interior, similar to a fish bottle trap. This structure helped to form an adepithelial layer on the inner surface. The novel nanofiber-mâché technique, using a millimeter-sized hollow fibrous scaffold, is excellently suited to investigating cyst physiology.

Montmorillonite-Based Porous Composites as Adsorbents for Removal of Cr(III)-Organic Complexes in Tannery Wastewater

Montmorillonite-based porous adsorbent prepared by gel casting method was used to adsorb Cr(III)-organic complexes in tanning wastewater with the initial concentration of 10 mg L−1. The as-porous adsorbent exhibited an excellent performance of separation. Meanwhile, its structural and morphology were characterized by TG, BET, XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS, showing that the porous adsorbent was complete hollow ball structure. And the adsorption results showed that the adsorption amount of porous adsorbent rapidly declined from 9.58 to 5.28, and only Cr(III) was adsorbed, when the molar ratio of Cr(III) and citrate was more than 1:5. Increased of pH was beneficial to the adsorption of Cr(III)-citrate in range from 2.46 to 7.12. Furthermore, the best removal efficiency of porous adsorbent for Cr(III)-organic complex used up to 97% and remaining above 84% after five cycles. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of Cr(III) on porous adsorbent is also provided. Therefore, a kind of easy separated porous adsorbent was prepared in this study so as to treat tanning wastewater containing Cr(III)-organic complex following alkali precipitation, as well as solving the problem of difficult recycle.

Hydrothermal Preparation of Ag/Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25 Sesame-Hollow-Ball-Type Nanocomposites: The Formation Mechanism of Metallic Ag in the Ag-H2O System at 400 K

Ag/Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25 sesame-hollow-ball-type nanocomposites were prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal method at 400 K. Power X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all diffraction peaks were well consistent with JCPDS card no: 89-6552 of Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the composites indicate that some smaller metallic Ag particles with size∼18.3 nm uniformly dense on the surface of Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25 hollow nanospheres with a mean size of about 170 nm, producing Ag/Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25 hollow-sesame-ball nanocomposites. The surface chemical state of Ag/Ag1.69Sb2.27O6.25 is investigated by XPS, and all peaks of Ag 3d, O 1s, and Sb 3d show their different chemical states. The BET surface area of the sample is 7.268 m2/g, and the pore sizes of nanocomposites are more than 5 nm. The light absorption property of as-prepared materials is studied by UV-vis/DRS, and the adsorption band is located at 445 nm, and the estimated energy band gap (Eg) is 2.55 eV. The calculated partial φ-pH diagrams in the Ag-H2O system at 400 K predict that the Ag+ ion can react with H2 to form metallic Ag.

Applying a support vector machine for hollow ball screw condition-based classification using feature extraction

Ball screws play a critical role in high-quality precision manufacturing. The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of machines’ health status is increasingly pertinent. The processing of big data originating from machine sensors is crucial. However, installing multiple sensors on the object requiring diagnosis may be costly. A sensorless strategy using built-in signals to determine the conditions of a hollow ball screw was deployed. Moreover, we evaluated the most discriminative parameters among fusion sensor signals by using Fisher’ criteria. A support vector machine (SVM) as diagnostic tool was used. In the absence of prominent characteristic features in data, the conventional SVM cannot classify the data well. To address this concern, we constructed a feature engineering for distinguishing features from the raw data to facilitate the SVM classification process well. In addition, we validated the physical phenomenon in realistic ball screw conditions through feature extraction. Experimental results demonstrated the average diagnostic accuracy levels for the ball screw preload, pretension, cooling system, and table payload were 98.91%, 94.08%, 91.69%, and 93.5%, respectively, after feature engineering was applied successfully.

Study of perspective methods for pasteurization of milk for farming

The article considers an experimental actinator using simultaneous exposure of a thin layer of milk to the flow of infrared and ultraviolet rays. The actinator consists of a vertical cylindrical body inside which a cylinder is coaxially located, an IR heater made of transparent quartz glass and wound spirally (of nichrome wire) located on its upper part of the former of a thin layer of milk in the form of a hollow ball connected to the working cylinder in the bottom parts of the drive of the finished product in the form of a truncated cone and a nozzle for removal of the finished product, a UV irradiation lamp, a cruciform liquid dispenser contained inside the forms a thin layer of milk, connected to it by a branch pipe for feeding the initial product, connected with it through a pipeline, a tap for adjusting the pressure and flow of milk, a pump and a tank for the initial product with a tap. The methodological basis for the calculation was used analytical development of heat exchange by radiation.

Analysis of the dynamic mechanical property of multiple direction impact protection structure inspired by C60 molecule

The natural structures have excellent dynamic mechanical properties. In this work, an impact protection structure inspired by the C60 molecule was proposed. And a model of a hollow ball protected by the bio-inspired C60 molecular structure during a drop testing was built. For the bio-inspired C60 molecular structure, the drop process and the dynamic mechanical property was investigated by LS-DYNA software. The results indicate that the bio-inspired C60 molecular structure has a good ability to protect against impact. Furthermore, the effects of the diameter ratio, materials, drop height, and angle were discussed. These variations of geometry and material can influence the dynamic mechanical properties of the bio-inspired C60 molecular impact protection structure.