Collegiate Male Athletes Exhibit Conditions of the Male Athlete Triad

The primary purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of the Male Athlete Triad (MAT) conditions: low energy availability (EA), low bone mineral density (BMD), and low testosterone in male collegiate athletes from different sports. Participants included 44 collegiate male athletes (age, 20.4 ± 0.2 yr; BMI, 25.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2) from seven sports (cross country, soccer, basketball, wrestling, track, golf, and baseball). Resting metabolic rate, three-day food intake, seven-day exercise energy expenditure, body composition, and reproductive and metabolic hormones were assessed. Of the total participants, 15% had low EA, 0% had low BMD, 28% had low total testosterone (TT), and 80% had low calculated free testosterone (cFT). There were no significant correlations between EA, BMD, TT, and cFT. Insulin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were below and on the upper end of the reference range for healthy male adults, respectively. Insulin was negatively correlated with total (r = -0.330, p = 0.043) and lumbar spine BMD z-scores (r = -0.413, p = 0.010). Low TT and low cFT were the most prevalent MAT conditions among all athletes. Further research should investigate the relationship between insulin and SHBG and the role of these hormones in the MAT. Novelty Bullets • Assessment of energy availability alone is not sufficient to identify physiological disturbances in collegiate male athletes. • Low total and/or free testosterone may be present in some collegiate male athletes, regardless of BMD status. • Low insulin and high SHBG concentration may portray the presence of conditions of the MAT in male collegiate athletes.

Physeal injury in a skeletally immature male athlete

A 12-year-old skeletally immature male athlete presented for evaluation with acute bilateral knee pain. Initial radiographs revealed subtle lucency of the medial proximal tibial physis and MRI was recommended. On MRI, broad-based intravasation of the physis into the proximal femoral and tibial physes was observed. This represented physeal widening, a phenomenon that has been observed in skeletally immature athletes presenting for acute knee pain. While such changes to the physis may be quite prominent on MRI, conventional radiographic findings may be much more subtle. As many causes of chronic knee pain in this population are managed with active rehabilitation, a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis in the presence of physeal abnormalities may warrant evaluation with MRI. The literature suggests this pathology will resolve with rest, but, if weight-bearing activities are continued, there is a risk for significant growth abnormalities.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRENGTH OF ARM AND HAND MUSCLES TO PASSING RESULTS FOR AEK MEN'S volley ball NEW NABARA VC YEAR 2020

The research objective in this thesis is to determine how much the relationship between arm muscle strength and hand muscle strength on the passing results of men's volleyball volleyball Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020. The location of this research was conducted at Aek Nabara Barumun VC Volleyball Club. Data collection was started from 18 December - 27 December 2020. The sample of this study was male athletes who had been selected from the population with purposive sampling, totaling 10 people. The method used in this research is descriptive method with tests and measurements. The research instruments used were arm muscle strength using push-ups, hand muscle strength using a hand grip, and passing tests to the wall. The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) There is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 5.398> 2.262). (2) there is a significant relationship between hand muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 6,782> 2,262). (3) there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and muscle strength hand on the results of the results of passing over volleyball in the male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (Fcount> Ftable = 32 <4.46).

GENDER DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOUNG AND ADULT ATHLETES

This comparative study was adopted to compare the level of the aggression among young and adult athletes and gender differences in aggression. The subjects were N=120 (Male=66 & Female 54) athletes from the different colleges, universities and sports clubs in Faisalabad, the age range of young athletes 12 to 18 years and adult athletes age between 20 to 30 years part of the sample. Buss & Perry Aggression scale was used to measure aggression and reliability of scale (Cornbrash’s Alpha = 0.814). Results of multivariate analysis of the varia (Independent T-Test) T=9.02 p<0.03 Percent shows the difference between young and adults’ athletes’ aggressive behavior, Male athlete score high on the aggression scale rather than female. There is the significant aggression difference between male and female athletes in sports. Male athletes are more aggressive as compare female athletes (T=9.86, P<0.02) in aggression.

SARS-CoV-2-Induced Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Young Adult: Case Report

We describe a case of a previous healthy 20-year-old male athlete who presented with an atypical clinical profile with multiorgan involvement within five weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggestive for multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS); MIS is a rare, potentially life-threatening complication associated with SARS-CoV-2. MIS shares similar clinical features compatible with several overlapping lifethreatening hyperinflammatory syndromes, such as incomplete Kawasaki Disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) associated to a cytokine storm suggestive of a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) without fulfilling the criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), that may create a great challenge to distinguish between them. MIS should promptly be considered and treated, as uncontrolled MIS has a high mortality.In MIS cardiac involvement, heart failure may present as an additional problem, especially because volume loading is advised in accordance with proposed therapy. Carefully monitoring of the respiratory and cardiac status in response of resuscitation is therefore warranted.

Evaluation of the Effect of Fruit Juice Containing Bacillus Coagulans Probiotic Supplement on the Level of Immunoglobulins A, M and Lymphocytes in Two-Speed Athletes

Probiotics exert beneficial effects on their host health by creating microbial balance in the digestive system. The role of some probiotic strains in strengthening the immune system and reducing the risk of diseases, especially respiratory infections, has been proven in previous studies. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation containing Bacillus coagulans on the Runner athletes immune system. In this study, the effect of Bacillus coagulans probiotic on immunoglobulins A, M and monocytes count 60 male athlete sprints Evaluates that which were randomly divided into two groups of 30.For 3 months, the experimental group received a daily glass of probiotic juice containing 109 cfu / ml containing probiotic supplement and the control group received plain and no supplemental juice. During the study period, once every 2 weeks, One day after exercise (running 200 meters), blood samples were taken from all participants Then In the collected samples, IgA, IgM and lymphocytes were evaluated. Consumption of probiotic juice containing 2 × 109 f cfu/ml Bacillus coagulans probiotic supplement showed a significant difference in the amount of IgA, IgM and Lymphocyte between the experimental group and the control group. The results of this study showed that the consumption of juice containing probiotic supplement Bacillus coagulans can increase the level of immune factors IgM, IgA, lymphocytes and prevent the occurrence of diseases, especially respiratory infections, by improving the function of the immune system.