scholarly journals Polynuclearity as a Spatial Measure of Urban Sprawl: Testing the Percentiles Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Piotr Lityński ◽  
Piotr Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Basic Goal ◽  
High Building ◽  
Made In

Polynuclearity and polycentricity are spatial phenomena which overlap each other in the context of urban sprawl, and this sometimes hinders the possibility of clearly distinguishing the two. Hence, the basic goal of the article is to indicate the differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity as well as their conceptualization and operationalization as urban sprawl features. The article indicates that the main differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity boil down to functional connections. However, empirical exemplification was made in relation to the agglomeration of Cracow, Poland using an urban morphology approach based on 1 km2 square grids. Among the conclusions, it can be found that the identification of the central core is an important stage of research. If at least two cores appear then polynuclearity is identified and then polycentricity can be further identified. Testing of four mathematical approaches to identifying the central core showed that the most accurate results are given by the 95th percentile, i.e., the grids within the 95th percentile of building density qualify for the central core. It is also necessary to remove grids with extremely high building density from the analyses.

Urban Growth Management: Approaches, Experiences and Implications to China’s Urban Planning

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6725-6728
Author(s):  
Zhen Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Urban Growth Management ◽  
Made In

Chinese cities expanded and developed at an astounding rate of growth during the past three decades. The consequence rise in exorbitant consumption of land resources and the impacts on the environment were recognized accordantly. Urban growth management, as one of the effective approaches to solve the problems caused by urban sprawl, has become a subject for broad discussion in the field of urban planning in the world. It is necessary to shape a union framework of growth management between national and local government. And it is recognized that these urban growth management decisions must be made in a more comprehensive and consistent intergovernmental manner. The purpose of this study is to contribute to current planning thought and practice by providing some insights into how urban growth management can be utilized to contribute to a more sustainable urban future in China.

scholarly journals Complexity of relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and land surface temperature: A multi-scale perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Baolei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Grid Size ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Urban morphology is a crucial contributor to urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, few studies have explored the complex effect of 2D/3D urban morphology on UHI from a multi-scale perspective. In this study, We chose the central area of Jinan city, which was commonly known as the “furnace”, as the case study area. novel 2D/3D urban morphology indexes-building coverage ratio (BCR)(for assessing the 2D building density), building volume density (BVD)( for assessing the 3D building density), and the frontal area index (FAI)(for assessing 3D ventilation conditions) were calculated and derived to investigated complexity of relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and land surface temperature(LST) at different scales using the maximum information coefficient (MIC) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results indicated that (1) These newly 2D/3D urban morphology indexes as essential factors that are responsible for LST variation, BCR is the most important urban morphology index affecting the LST, followed by BVD and FAI. Importantly, the relationship between the BCR, BVD, and FAI and the LST was an inverse U-shaped curve. (2) The relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and LST variation showed a significant scale effect. With increased grid size, the correlation between the BCR, BVD, and FAI and the LST strengthened, “inflection point” of inverse U-shaped curve was significantly declined, and their explanation rate to LST first increased and then decreased, with a maximum value at the 700-m scale. Additionally, the FAI exerted a stronger negative effect, while the BCR and BVD generally had stronger positive effects on LST as the grid size increasing. This study extends our scientific understanding of the complexity effect of urban morphology on LST and is of great practical significance for urban thermal environment regulation at multi-scale.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Insular Lobe of Reil: Neurophysiological and Anatomical Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Daniel Damiani ◽  
Ana Maria Nascimento ◽  
Vanessa Gonçalves Pires
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Central Location ◽  
Efferent Pathways ◽  
Neurophysiological Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe insular lobe has long been investigated, from its anatomical descriptions to its neurophysiological activity. Located in a central location, the insular lobe participates in several afferent and efferent pathways, forming part of the eloquent and fundamental structures that make up the central core of the brain. The lobe of the insula has participation in language function, such as speech, sensory (e.g., taste), limbic, autonomic (visceral), also forming part of complex associative circuits, including part of the circuits of mirror neurons. Several functional descriptions attributed to the insular lobe have been made in patients suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, as well as in those with epilepsy. Much progress and many descriptions have also been made in patients with tumors. Despite much information already available about the insular lobe, it is likely that much will be discovered in the coming years.

Modelling of Air Pollution Caused by Traffic Flows in Manado City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Theo Kurniawan Sendow
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
High Building

This study was aimed to determine the level of CO concentration due to traffic flows, know the traffic (vehicle) volume, traffic (vehicle) speed and wind speed, find out the relationship between traffic (vehicle) volume, traffic (vehicle) speed, wind speed and CO concentration using a regression model as well as examine the parameters influencing air pollution due to traffic flows. The primary data used in this study were the sample data of CO tested directly in the field and the sampling was done using Ecoline 6000 Gas Analyzer tool. The research sites covered 1) the segment of Sam Ratulangi Street in Manado representing the street locations with many multi-rise buildings and high building density, 2) the segment of Ahmad Yani Street in Manado representing the street locations with many trees, and 3) the segment of Pierre Tendean Street in Manado representing the street locations with open areas (beachsides). In this modeling, the independent variables were the total traffic volume, the average traffic speed as well as the wind speed and direction. The dependent variable was Carbon Monoxide (CO) with increased concentrations. Using the three independent variables, there were total 7 (seven) variable combinations used. Then, the obtained model was validated using the surveyed data. The maximum vehicle volume was 4,281.60 pcu/hour (pcu = passenger car unit) and the maximum vehicle speed was 32 km/hour. Meanwhile, the maximum wind speed generated was 7.5 km/hour and the maximum level of air pollution (CO) was 12.86 ppm (ppm = part per million). In this study, it was obtained the best model for each of the three locations. The results showed that the air pollution (CO) level of street locations with low wind speed, such as Sam Ratulangi street which is a closed area with many multi-rise buildings and high building density, was much higher than that of street locations with many trees growing in the median of streets with a distance of 1 meter from the edge of street pavement and also higher than that of street locations with open areas (beachsides). This is because a higher wind speed can disseminate or divide the concentration level of air pollution (CO) to various places. Air pollution control covers three stages namely the prevention, countermeasure, and recovery of air quality.

scholarly journals Socio-spatial disparities of obesity among adults in the urban setting of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1280-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Z Ouédraogo ◽  
Florence Fournet ◽  
Yves Martin-Prével ◽  
Jean Gary ◽  
Marie C Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Building Density ◽  
High Building

AbstractObjectivesTo document the prevalence and the socio-spatial variations of obesity and to identify individual and household characteristics, lifestyles and dietary practices contributing to obesity and its socio-spatial distribution.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey. We selected 1570 households from four strata characterised as unstructured and low building-density (ULBD), unstructured and high building-density (UHBD), structured and low building-density (SLBD) and structured and high building-density (SHBD) areas. Structured areas are those that were allotted by the township authority (cadastral services), with public services; unstructured areas refer to those developed with no cadastral organisation.SettingOuagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso.SubjectsBMI was calculated in 2022 adults aged 35 years and above who were classified as obese when their BMI was ≥30 kg/m2. Obesity was investigated in relation to household and individual characteristics, lifestyles and dietary practices; adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were derived from a logistic regression model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was 14·7 % (males 5·5 % and females 21·9 %). Age, gender, household equipment index, usual transport with motor vehicles and micronutrient-rich food consumption were associated with obesity. After adjustment for these factors, obesity remained associated with the area of residence: residents from SHBD areas were more likely to be obese than those from ULBD areas (OR = 1·41; 95 % CI 2·59,4·76).ConclusionsObesity in Ouagadougou is a preoccupant problem that calls for more consideration. Thorough investigation is needed to assess the environmental factors that contribute to the socio-spatial disparity of obesity.

scholarly journals The Intensity of Urban Sprawl in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Piotr Lityński
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Research Challenge ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
Global Research

The issues of urban sprawl are current in both global research as well as the sphere of activities by public authorities in developed and developing countries. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that goes beyond the administrative boundaries of cities, which forces monitoring of the phenomenon on a wide territorial scale, i.e., regional and national. However, assessing the level of urban sprawl on such a scale still remains a research challenge in many countries. Poland is such an example, where there is a deficit in assessing the level of the phenomenon, its spatial specificity, as well as comparisons between other national urban areas. The presented research uses the urban morphology method to assess urban sprawl in Poland. The method assumes the use of square grids and building locations for the quantification of sprawl. Based on the 14 urban areas that aggregate 296 communes, it was pointed out that the level of urban sprawl in Poland is moderate. The results indicate that there is not a significant sprawl or compact structures.

Geospatial Technology in Urban Sprawl Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Srutisudha Mohanty ◽  
Jagabandhu Panda ◽  
Sudhansu S. Rath
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Development Goals

The emergence of alienated patch in the periphery of the city or fragmentation of the main city are the results of irresponsible and poor planning. This global problem of sprawl is strengthening even more with the hasty pace of urbanization. Despite the existing policies and regulations, it is a huge failure to control the sprawl. Hence, city planners and policy makers need to be more efficient in designing the cities to achieve sustainable development goals. For that purpose, adequate and informative data of the urban morphology, growth pattern, sprawl characteristics are required. Geospatial technology is a cost-effective measure and best among currently available techniques for collecting real-time/near real-time geographical data of the entire globe. The geographic information system (GIS) provides numerous tools for assessment of multidimensionality of urban sprawl. This chapter discusses various urban models, different forms of urban expansion, and a few existing methods to quantify sprawl.

scholarly journals A university campus in peri-urban Accra (Ghana) as a haven for dry-forest species

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Dietmar Simmering ◽  
Solomon Addai ◽  
Gunther Geller ◽  
Annette Otte
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Private University ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Floristic Inventory ◽  
The University ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Accra Plains ◽  
Made In

Valley View University (VVU) is a private university located within the dry forest zone of the Accra plains; an area strongly affected by urban sprawl. The campus covers approx. 105 ha. Considerable portions of it are yet undeveloped and covered with savannah thickets. In 2002, the university has committed itself to become Africa's first "ecological university". In the context of two projects, substantial improvements have been made in terms of sanitation, water supply, energy-saving buildings and organic agriculture. The further development of the campus was designed in a detailed "ecological masterplan". In this context, we carried out a floristic inventory of the savannah thickets and found more than 100 plant species; the majority of which represent the species pool of the unique mixture of dry forest and savannah thicket species, which is typical for the region. As the remainder of dry forests and savannah thickets in the Accra plains become increasingly threatened by urban sprawl and overgrazing, the VVU administration has agreed to preserve the species-rich thickets. This is a valuable contribution to a more sustainable development of the region.

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