Formation and Development of Penitentiary Institutions in Yekaterinodar (Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th Centuries)

Introduction: the article is devoted to the historic background of the prison system in the Kuban and features of the prison institutions formation in Yekaterinodar – the center of the Kuban Oblast, formed in 1860. The article, based on the comprehension of historical experience and analysis of archival materials, shows the impact of the 1860– 1870 state-legal reforms on construction of new and enlargement of current prisons and studies the specifics of prisoner detention conditions. It reveals the role of the Yekaterinodar Military Prison Committee “Prisons Custody Society” in enhancement of Yekaterinodar’s penitentiary institutions: organization of places of detention and provision of the necessary detention regime; control over detainee’s welfare; improvement of medical care for prisoners, etc. Purpose: to reflect development features of penitentiary institutions in the Kuban as a whole and Yekaterinodar in particular. The methodological basis of the research consists of philosophical, general scientific and private scientific methods (dialectical, system-structural, historical-genetic, comparative, formal-legal, etc.). Discussion: based on a brief analysis of the works of N.I. Galkina, N.V. Slavinskii, M.K. Batchayeva, S.A. Lobova, etc., devoted to the issues under consideration, as well as the study of materials contained in the funds of the State Archive of Krasnodar Territory, the author presents chronological background of formation and development of the Kuban prison institutions. As a result of the conducted research, the researcher comes to the following conclusion: since Yekaterinodar acquired the status of a civil city in 1867, there was a sharp increase in out-of-town visitors, which led to a rise in the number of crimes and, accordingly, persons serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. It involvedthe expansion of existing prison facilities and construction of new ones, in particular, the Yekaterinodar regional prison in 1876. The establishment of the Yekaterinodar Military Prison ommittee “Prisons Custody Society” in 1867, which was in charge of the entire Kuban penitentiary system, helped achieve some success in prison guardianship within its competence. The development of guardianship in relation to prisoners should be considered one of the mechanisms that solved the problem of improving prisoners’ situation. This activity was financed by state and private charitable funds. The author also notes that the Kuban prisons addressed acute problems, characteristic, however, of the entire penitentiary system, such as insufficient funding of prison facilities, unsuitability of prison facilities, i.e. overcrowding, and harsh detention conditions.

New Zealand’s recent experiences with Military Activity Camps under the new youth justice system

<p>This research paper discusses the recent New Zealand experience of Military Activity Camps (MACs) through the implementation of the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Youth Courts Jurisdictions and Orders) Amendment Act 2010. The paper will address the fundamental principles of the youth justice system under the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 and how the Amendment Act 2010 has created new possibilities of dealing with New Zealand’s most persistent group of young offenders. It will furthermore address the historic background of boot camps and aims to analyse how effective the introduction of MACs has been so far. Finally it will look at what alternative measures may exist in order to fight youth offending and recidivism.</p>

New Zealand’s recent experiences with Military Activity Camps under the new youth justice system

<p>This research paper discusses the recent New Zealand experience of Military Activity Camps (MACs) through the implementation of the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families (Youth Courts Jurisdictions and Orders) Amendment Act 2010. The paper will address the fundamental principles of the youth justice system under the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 and how the Amendment Act 2010 has created new possibilities of dealing with New Zealand’s most persistent group of young offenders. It will furthermore address the historic background of boot camps and aims to analyse how effective the introduction of MACs has been so far. Finally it will look at what alternative measures may exist in order to fight youth offending and recidivism.</p>

JUVENILE JUSTICE METHODS: HISTORIC BACKGROUND, CURRENT SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITIES

В статье дан исторический экскурс внедрения ювенальных технологий в России. Исследованы различные аспекты правового регулирования уголовно-правовых отношений с участием несовершеннолетних, включая коллизии современного правосудия и пенитенциарной практики. С учетом анализа отечественного опыта, накопленного в ходе реализации ювенальных проектов, и зарубежных ювенальных практик сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию деятельности системы предупреждения преступности несовершеннолетних. The article provides a historical overview of the implementation of the juvenile justice methods in Russia. Different aspects of the legal regulation of criminal matters involving minors, especially in the light of the contradictions in contemporary justice and penitentiary practice, have been investigated. The author makes a proposal for improving the juvenile crime prevention system taking into account the domestic and foreign juvenile experience.

The Representation of Chineseness in Eat Drink Man Woman

Eat Drink Man Woman, well-known as the last episode of “Father-Knows-Best” trilogy directed by Ang Lee, is attractive to numerous scholars following its nomination of Oscar. Through comparative studies, voluminous critics have devoted to the theme of globalization and cultural identity. However, few scholars notice that cultural identity as a sign of national image experiences a series of transformations. Therefore, this article mainly probes how the transformation of cultural identity changes the ideological component of national memory that contributes to nurturing the Chinese national identity. Father’ s image and daughters’ role are prominently represented in the film, particularly father’s psychological changes in some sense projecting the transformation of traditional ideology. Thus, combined with historic background this article will set about the transformation of father’s role and daughter’s image which predicate the deconstruction of traditional gender discourse, trying to figure out how does the transformed ideology expressed through the deconstruction of gender discourse contribute to the reconstruction of Chinese national identity.

The Artist's Machine

Arcu is an artificial curator, a computer program created by artist Tillmann Ohm. “The Artist’s Machine” is a computational research project developed to establish the historic background of the expert system’s special field of machine art. This generated book provides insight into Arcu’s self- gained knowledge.From researching topic-relevant literature, detecting semantic structures in hundreds of papers and books, to finally generating the publication’s chapters with images and paraphrased text citations, every step in the process has been performed automatically, initiated by a simple input phrase.

How to Understand Interreligious Dialogue in Sweden in Relation to the Socio-Cultural Context

This article starts by giving an overview on religion in contemporary Sweden and a historic background on IRD-organisations and IRD-activities in the country; followed by a more in-depth description of contemporary IRD, presenting both national and local IRD-organisations and IRD-activities. The article ends with an analysis of how IRD-organisations and IRD-activities relate to the sociocultural context in Sweden, which shows the importance of the increase in religious plurality in Sweden and the Church of Sweden’s still dominate position, in the establishment and upholding of IRD-organisations and IRD-activities in the country. Another sociocultural context influencing is the highly secularised Swedish society together with the secular state. This leads both to a delay in establishment of IRD-organizations in Sweden, and later on, for the establishment of these IRD-organizations and for IRD-activities, if the aim of these are less religious and foremost social.

BUNDA: KISAH CINTA 2 KODI BY ASMA NADIA: A STRUCTURALISM STUDY

This study aims to describe the socio-historic background of (1) Asma Nadia and (2) the structure of Bunda: Kisah Cinta 2 Kodi, This study uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research strategy is embedded in case studies. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs in the novel Bunda: Kisah Cinta 2 Kodi that contains information about the socio-historic background of Asma Nadia, and the structure of the novel. The primary data source is the novel and the secondary data source is relevant journal articles. The data were collected through the library, observation, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed using the semiotic reading method, namely heuristic and hermeneutic reading. The results of the study are (1) Sociohistorical setting: Asma Nadia was born into a literary family (her grandfather, Teuku Muhammad Usman El Muhammady and her two siblings, Helvy Tiana Rosa and her brother Aeron Tomino, and her husband, Isa Alamsyah, were writers). Her works have particular characteristics: Islamic theme, simple language, and the struggle of Moslem women. (2) The structure of the novel: the theme is the struggle of a mother in a family. It uses the flashback method since the story takes a regressive plot. The important figures are Kartika, Aryani, Farid, Bagja, Farid’s mother, Anton’s mother and Siti. The setting: schools, Kartika boarding house, campus canteens, cinemas, bookstores, Aryani's house, hospitals, abortion clinics, Tanah Abang market, Aryani's in-law's house, mushalla, and food stalls. Time setting: 1962, 1963, 1965, 1989, 1992, 1998 and 2000. Social setting: Kartika comes from Javanese and Minangkabau parents, whose works are civil servants and teachers.