scholarly journals Dietary and Lifestyle Modification in the Preventation of Secondary Complication of Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
The World ◽  
Secondary Complication

Diabetes mellitus metabolic cum vascular syndrome of multiple aetiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of CHO, Fat and Protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This disorder is frequently associated with long term disease, which can lead to failure of organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessel. In recent years India has witnessed a rapidly exploding epidemic of Diabetes. Indeed, India today leads the world with its largest number of Diabetic people in any given country. WHO estimates there are 32 million with Diabetes in India with Diabetes in 2000, which is projected to rise by 80 million by the year 2030? Increase in prevalence is rapid in urban areas from 2% 1970s to 12% in 2000 and in rural areas also it is now beginning to increase. Nutrition is often said to be the cornerstone of diabetes care. The goal for nutritional management is optimal metabolic control through a balance between food intake, physical activity, and if necessary, medication to avoid complications.

A Critical Review on Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus) with its Preventive Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anagha Gosavi ◽  
Ram V. Ramekar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Prameha is disease of Mutravaha Srotasa having Kapha dominancy which can be correlated with diabetes mellitus. The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Madhumeha is considered as a subtype under the Vatika type of Prameha and it is characterized by passage of urine with sweet taste like honey along with sweetness of whole body. With appropriate use of Ayurvedic preventive measures such as Dincharya, Ritucharya, Aharvidhi and therapeutic measures Madhumeha (DM) can be prevented.

scholarly journals A Traditional Closed-Loop Sanitation System in a Chronic Emergency: A Qualitative Study from Afghanistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Jean Lapegue ◽  
Jutta Gutberlet ◽  
Jan Franklin Adamowski ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Community ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The use of closed-loop sanitation systems (CLSS), or reuse-oriented sanitation systems, has increased in recent years, and such systems have been successfully implemented in many parts of the world. However, no research has explored Traditional CLSS (T-CLSS) for a long-term humanitarian situation. This study explores the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of T-CLSS in peri-urban and rural contexts in three different provinces in Afghanistan (the first study of its kind in Afghanistan). Participatory research tools, such as transect walks, focus group discussions, smart community gatherings and interactive workshops, were applied to assess the SWOT associated with T-CLSS. The results indicate that T-CLSS has been practiced historically in both peri-urban and rural areas using local and traditional knowledge, skills and technologies. The socio-cultural acceptance of the system in both rural and peri-urban areas is an important strength of this established system. However, due to chronic development challenges in the study regions, T-CLSS may possibly lead to exposure to microbial contaminants. It is recommended that the feasibility of an improved CLSS be assessed and implemented in light of the issues that are inherent in the use of T-CLSS in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

scholarly journals Returning home to die: Circular labour migration and mortality in South Africa 1

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (69_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Clark ◽  
Mark A. Collinson ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
Kyle Drullinger ◽  
Stephen M. Tollman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Working Age

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that circular labour migrants who become seriously ill while living away from home return to their rural homes to convalesce and possibly to die. Methods: Drawing on longitudinal data collected by the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system in rural northeastern South Africa between 1995 and 2004, discrete time event history analysis is used to estimate the likelihood of dying for residents, short-term returning migrants, and long-term returning migrants controlling for sex, age, and historical period. Results: The annual odds of dying for short-term returning migrants are generally 1.1 to 1.9 times (depending on period, sex, and age) higher than those of residents and long-term returning migrants, and these differences are generally highly statistically significant. Further supporting the hypothesis is the fact that the proportion of HIV/TB deaths among short-term returning migrants increases dramatically as time progresses, and short-term returning migrants account for an increasing proportion of all HIV/TB deaths. Conclusions: This evidence strongly suggests that increasing numbers of circular labour migrants of prime working age are becoming ill in the urban areas where they work and coming home to be cared for and eventually to die in the rural areas where their families live. This shifts the burden of caring for them in their terminal illness to their families and the rural healthcare system with significant consequences for the distribution and allocation of health care resources.

Patient with Diabetes Mellitus and Ocular Complications: A Brief review

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Naveen K L ◽  
Grinton Josvi Veigas ◽  
Ananya Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Health Complications

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia of human blood due to inadequate secretion and action of hormone insulin. Different classes of DM are Type-1, Type-2, neonatal, gestational and maturity onset of diabetes at young stage. The main pathologic cause for the DM is autoimmune destruction of β-cells and insulin deficiency due to resistance of insulin action caused by the abnormalities in metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and lipids which intern cause lack of insulin action on target tissues. Chronic stage of hyperglycaemia is associated with permanent damage, failure and dysfunction of various organs system, which includes heart, blood vessel, eyes, neurones and kidney. Long term DM may causes some health complications in patient such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and other complications like peripheral vasculopathy and ischemia of heart. In current era ocular complications associated with DM are rapid and progressive, becoming world top most cause of morbidity. This article covers brief information regarding ocular complications and vision loss in patient with DM.

Perception of Learning Among Students From India Set Against the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-274
Author(s):  
Felix Bast
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Student Perception ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Populous Country

India is the second-most populous country in the world. There had been a tremendous shift towards online learning through the Indian government's digital initiatives in general, and during COVID-19 lockdown in particular. An online self-report survey (n = 1318) was conducted to assess students' perception of online learning in this changed situation in comparison with traditional classroom learning. The study analysed eight independent variables on student perception towards online learning (e.g., gender, nature of the settlement, economic background, religiosity, primary electronic device, technology-receptiveness, age, and educational institution), with each of these variables forming respective research hypotheses. Results revealed several exciting facets of student perceptions. Receptiveness towards online learning was significantly higher for students from urban areas compared with rural areas. Possible reasons for these results are discussed, and the findings are contextualized in a broader perspective.

Length-Based Vehicle Classification Schemes and Length Bin Boundaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2339 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Weinblatt ◽  
Erik Minge ◽  
Scott Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Weigh In Motion

Vehicle classification data are an important component of traffic-monitoring programs. Although most vehicle classification conducted in the United States is axle based, some applications could be supplemented or replaced by length-based data. The typically higher deployment cost and reliability issues associated with collecting axle-based data as compared with length-based data present a challenge. This paper reports on analyses of alternative length-based vehicle classification schemes and appropriate length bin boundaries. The primary analyses use data from a set of 13 Long-Term Pavement Performance weigh-in-motion sites, all in rural areas; additional analyses are conducted with data from 11 Michigan Department of Transportation weigh-in-motion sites located in rural and small urban areas and one site located in an urbanized area. For most states, the recommended length-based vehicle classification scheme is a four-bin scheme (motorcycles, short, medium, and long) with an optional very long bin recommended for use by states in which significant numbers of longer combination vehicles operate.

scholarly journals Urban Agriculture: Search for Agricultural Practice in Urbanized Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu ◽  
Sema Gün
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Study to Assess the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus among Pre-diabetes Obese People of Selected Rural Area of Waghodia Taluka, Vadodara

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
S. Adithya ◽  
C. Ranganatha ◽  
M. Gayathri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: India is the diabetic capital of the world, with a maximum number of diabetic patients. There is a large burden of undetected diabetic cases in the community. There is an increasing risk of diabetes in urban slums and rural areas, because of illiteracy, lack of awareness, low socioeconomic status, and unhealthy lifestyle. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple, low-cost, feasible tool for mass screening programs at the community level. This background study was planned with the following aim. Aim: As72.2% of the Indian population resides in rural areas, the current study was carried to assess the risk of diabetes mellitus among Pre-Diabetes obese people and to find out the association between the risk of diabetes mellitus and selected demographic variables.  Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was adapted. 400 subjects were recruited by non-probability purposive sampling technique among Pre-Diabetes obese people The data gathering was carried out with an Indian Diabetic Risk Score scale (IDRS). The collected data was optimized and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: With regards to the risk assessment of Diabetes Mellitus, Out of 400subjects, 19.5% of the subjects belonged to no/low risk, 58.75% of the subjects belonged to moderate risk and 21.75% of the subjects belonged to very high risk as per IDRS. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the risk of diabetes among adults is on rising in rural areas. Hence it is essential to create awareness about diabetes and accessibility to health care services among the rural population. Physical activity likes regular exercise, diet, and lifestyle modification are some of the interventions that can reduce the risk of diabetes.

scholarly journals Trends in Diabetes Mortality in Urban and Rural China, 1987–2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Su ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Yike Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is emerging as an epidemic worldwide, and the incidence and prevalence of diabetes have drastically changed in China over the past 30 years, but data on its mortality rate are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the time trends of mortality rates among patients with diabetes in the rural and urban population in China between 1987 and 2019.MethodsThe research data come from China’s annual report on national health statistics and the Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by using the direct method based on the World Standard Population from the WHO. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change and average annual percentage changes of mortality rates of diabetes mellitus.ResultsAn overall trend for increment in diabetes mortality was observed. The crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes for urban and rural residents in China showed a significant increasing trend between 1987 and 2019. Mortality due to diabetes in urban areas has been higher than in rural areas for 30 years. However, due to the rapid increase of rural diabetes mortality in the past decade, the gap between the two gradually narrowed. The age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes increased by about 38.5% in urban areas and 254.9% in rural areas over the whole study period. In addition, the age-standardized mortality rate of females with diabetes was higher than that of males, but this pattern began to change in urban areas in 2012. Finally, the age-standardized mortality rates in the elderly population in China are higher with a faster growth rate, especially in rural areas.ConclusionThe mortality rate of diabetes is on the rise in China. The rapid growth of the mortality rate of diabetes in rural areas leads to the reduction of the urban–rural gap. Male mortality rates in urban areas have surpassed those of women. At the same time, the mortality rate of diabetes showed obvious elder-group orientation. As China’s population ages, the burden of death and disability caused by diabetes and its complications will continue to increase. These results indicate that diabetes has become a significant public health problem in China. Such an effect increases the demand for strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition to the prevention and intervention of diabetes in high-risk groups, it is also necessary to establish diabetes screening networks to identify patients with mild symptoms. Early detection and timely intervention can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of diabetes.

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