The Cost of Work Discrimination: A Market Capture Differential Game Model

Discrimination in the workplace can be a source of opportunity costs for firms that desire to enter a new market. In this article, we model how an exogenous technological change introduces both new potential workers in the labor market and, as the economy grows, a new set of consumers for firms to conquer. We then use a differential model to show how the payoff of a firm that discriminates in the labor market loses potential market from this same demographic. Our results imply that anti-discriminatory policies within the firm constitute an important element for the solution of this problem, and that there might be incentives for the firms to apply such policies.

Current State of Investment Activity of Banks in Russia

The mobilisation of resources determines the investment activity of banks for investment purposes. It is an important direction of development of the country’s economy, which emphasises the relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to determine the investment potential of banks and their investment targets. The current state of the investment portfolio of banks was assessed using quantitative, comparative, structural and factor methods. The logic of the study allowed us to evaluate the activity of banks in the securities market and identify the acute problem of market capture by large banks. As a result, competition with other banks does not develop and the monopoly of Moscow banks increases. The authors analysed the quality of the bank’s investment portfolio by evaluating the volume and structure of attracted resources and identifying their risk level. A systematic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of investment activities of banks allowed the authors to make several recommendations for its improvement, which determines the scientific and practical significance of the study

Market Capture of Music Streaming Services in India

India is a very vast market for internet services as it has over 480 million active internet users in the country. Music streaming services in India is emerging day by day. The competition in the market is so high that even two giants Jio Music and Saavn join their hand in 2018 to provide a combine service all across the globe. In, 2019 a global giant Spotify entered into music streaming market in India and affected the each music service in India. Gaana owned by Times Internet have over 150 million active monthly users in the country while JioSaavn reported 100 million active monthly users as per a website. This research is going to study the market capture of various music streaming services in India. Currently, as per the research, Spotify is the most popular streaming service. As per the literature available on various platforms other streaming services were holding the major proportion of the Indian market but after the launch of Spotify, it became most loved streaming service. The research is being done to find out the existing music streaming services are affected by the entrance of Spotify or not

Yield Spread and Economic Policy Uncertainty: Evidence from Japan

In this paper, we adopt the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model extended by Shin et al. (2014) to investigate the relationship between the treasury yield spread and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in Japan. This model helps us to explore the short- and long-run asymmetric reactions of explained variables through positive and negative partial sum decompositions of changes in the explanatory variable(s). In our research, the testing of the NARDL specification reveals the existence of a significant long-run asymmetric equilibrium between the yield spread and EPU in Japan. On the other hand, we find a significant positive nexus between the treasury yield spread and EPU reduction in the long run. We speculate that because of low inflation, a poor economic outlook and the low interest rate environment since 1990, financial agents are markedly sensitive to negative shocks resulting from EPU. This means that when facing a good economy, bond agents are quick to sell, especially with higher-risk long-term interest rate bonds. Meanwhile, because the Bank of Japan announced the Stock Purchasing Plan in October 2002 and from the point view of portfolio management, while the influence of a positive economic outlook dominates the negative outlook, flight from quality has no role in asset portfolio adjustment. The empirical implications are that the long history of unconventional monetary policy supports the demand for both bonds and stock markets. When taking the stock market into consideration, the correlations between the yield spread, EPU and stock market capture the full wealth effects of the low interest rate environment in Japan.

Technological Advancement in PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Issues and Challenges

Background: Since its beginning in 1980, wind energy generation has gained newer heights and emerged as the most promising renewable energy technology at present. Wind turbine rating has increased from few kW to MW and now multi-MW turbines are also available and in operation too. Introduction: Impact of wind turbines on the grid has significantly increased with increased penetration of wind power into the grid. In order to improve the performance characteristics of the wind turbines, and make them suitable for grid integration, more advanced generators, control schemes, and power converters are required. Latest wind energy market trends and research articles reflect the popularity and market capture of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for wind turbine applications. Method: The present work is dedicated to important electrical aspects concerning PMSG based wind energy conversion system. Starting with the technological development of wind turbine, state-of-the-art PMS based wind turbine concepts with power electronic converter topologies are discussed. Result: A comprehensive analysis of converter topology, grid integration, integration issues, and future research and technology trends are presented.In addition steady state performance analysis of PMSG based wind turbine is presented depicting issues with different control schemes. Conclusion: The study presented in this paper envisages help to the researcher in this area by providing them clear insight of various power electronic interfaces, their control complexities and various issues of concern. In addition we are assure that steady state analysis presented in this paper will attract the newcomers in this field of research.

RISK ANALYSIS OF INEFFICIENCY AT UKRAINE’S MACHINE BUILDING ENTERPRISES

The paper considers the risk identification of inefficiency concerning 51 Ukrainian joint-stock companies of machine building in 2012–2017. The value added at factor cost (VA) is determined as the resulting indicator of production efficiency, which is a source of income of various social groups, so it contributes to combined efforts. To support advanced production and management technologies, rather than an extensive market capture, the multiplicative model of VA has been suggested with the VA share in output to assess the quality processes within the enterprise. Economic analysis of the annual public financial statements and the structural statistics were conducted to study proportion between the cost elements in sum of expenses with link to profit in net turnover for the main operating activity. As a result the models of two types of risk coefficient have been proposed. It has been verified by statistical analysis. Data were checked on submission to normal distribution law by Shapiro – Wilk test and homogeneity by coefficient of variation. With the help of nonparametric analysis of variance by Kruskal – Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation coefficients; it has been proved that risk groups differ from other enterprises and from each other statistically significantly. We conclude that 37% of the sample enterprises are risky; a third of this is the large and medium-sized companies. Advantages of the method in comparison with Ward clusterization were shown. When making decisions about resource allocation, it should be confirmed that the enterprise is risk-free according to algorithms provided. To improve situation it needs to apply sustainable development concept.

Making use of evidence in commissioning practice: insights into the understanding of a telecare study’s findings

Background. This paper discusses findings from a study of English Local Authority (LA) Adult Social Care Departments (ASCDs) that explored how managers use telecare. A decade earlier, a large clinical trial, the ‘Whole System Demonstrator’ project (WSD), funded by the Department of Health (DH) investigated telecare’s effectiveness in promoting and maintaining independence among users. It found no evidence that telecare improved outcomes. Despite these conclusions, the DH did not change its policy or guidance, and LAs did not appear to scale back investment in telecare.<br />Aims and objectives. The present study explores how English ASCDs responded to WSD findings and why investment continued despite evidence from the WSD.<br />Methods. Data were obtained from an online survey sent to all telecare lead managers in England. The survey achieved a final response rate of 75%.<br />Findings. The survey asked questions focused on awareness and use of research in general, and specifically knowledge about the findings of the WSD. Most respondents were highly critical of the WSD methods, and its findings.<br />Discussion. Critical examination of telecare manager views found widespread inaccurate information about the trial methodology and findings, as well as the wider political and policy context that shaped it.<br />Conclusions. The WSD could not explain why telecare did not deliver better outcomes. A more nuanced understanding of the circumstances in which it might achieve good outcomes has received little consideration. LA difficulties in using evidence in telecare commissioning potentially leaves the sector at risk of market capture and supplier induced demand.<br />key messages<br /><ol><li>Social care services in England continue to invest in telecare despite evidence it does not produce better outcomes for older users.</li><br /><li>Generalizable evidence for telecare effectiveness is not well understood by commissioners/providers.</li><br /><li>Better use of evidence is needed for telecare to be effective for older people.</li><br /><li>Without independent evidence there is a risk of ‘market capture’ by manufacturers.</li></ol><br />