Secondary Metabolites from Caulerpa Cylindracea (Sonder) Could Be Alternative Natural Antiviral Compounds for COVID-19: A Further in Silico Proof

<p>SARS-CoV-2 has been exhibiting extremely spreading property all around the world since its existence from Wuhan-China in December-2019. Although it has caused a death toll of over than 1.3 M people, no validated vaccine has been proposed yet. On the other hand, very dense studies on the vaccine development have been carrying out in some countries such as the US, Germany, UK, China and Russia. Due to side effects of current antiviral agents used in the therapy of COVID-19, there is a great need for the development of alternative compounds for this disease. Caulerpin (CPN) and caulerpenyne (CYN), predominant natural secondary metabolites from invasive marine green algae <i>Caulerpa cylindracea,</i>are proposed to neutralize the virus from two targets: spike protein (5XLR) and main protease (6YB7) in this study. The results show that the binding energies related to CPN-6YB7 and CYN-6YB7 interactions are found to be -8.02 kcal/mol and -6.83 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies were -9.68 kcal/mol and -7.53 kcal/mol, respectively, for CPN-5XLR and CYN-5XLR. In the molecular dynamics results, RMSD values show that CPN and CYN can form stable complexes with the proteins where CYN is more stable with 6YB7 and CPN interacts better with 5XLR. These differences seem to be based on the type of interactions of the complexes. In conclusion, caulerpin and caulerpenyne can further be investigated experimentally for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficiency. </p>

Secondary Metabolites from Caulerpa Cylindracea (Sonder) Could Be Alternative Natural Antiviral Compounds for COVID-19: A Further in Silico Proof

<p>SARS-CoV-2 has been exhibiting extremely spreading property all around the world since its existence from Wuhan-China in December-2019. Although it has caused a death toll of over than 1.3 M people, no validated vaccine has been proposed yet. On the other hand, very dense studies on the vaccine development have been carrying out in some countries such as the US, Germany, UK, China and Russia. Due to side effects of current antiviral agents used in the therapy of COVID-19, there is a great need for the development of alternative compounds for this disease. Caulerpin (CPN) and caulerpenyne (CYN), predominant natural secondary metabolites from invasive marine green algae <i>Caulerpa cylindracea,</i>are proposed to neutralize the virus from two targets: spike protein (5XLR) and main protease (6YB7) in this study. The results show that the binding energies related to CPN-6YB7 and CYN-6YB7 interactions are found to be -8.02 kcal/mol and -6.83 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies were -9.68 kcal/mol and -7.53 kcal/mol, respectively, for CPN-5XLR and CYN-5XLR. In the molecular dynamics results, RMSD values show that CPN and CYN can form stable complexes with the proteins where CYN is more stable with 6YB7 and CPN interacts better with 5XLR. These differences seem to be based on the type of interactions of the complexes. In conclusion, caulerpin and caulerpenyne can further be investigated experimentally for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficiency. </p>

Secondary Metabolites from Caulerpa Cylindracea (Sonder) Could Be Alternative Natural Antiviral Compounds for COVID-19: A Further in Silico Proof

<p>SARS-CoV-2 has been exhibiting extremely spreading property all around the world since its existence from Wuhan-China in December-2019. Although it has caused a death toll of over than 1.3 M people, no validated vaccine has been proposed yet. On the other hand, very dense studies on the vaccine development have been carrying out in some countries such as the US, Germany, UK, China and Russia. Due to side effects of current antiviral agents used in the therapy of COVID-19, there is a great need for the development of alternative compounds for this disease. Caulerpin (CPN) and caulerpenyne (CYN), predominant natural secondary metabolites from invasive marine green algae <i>Caulerpa cylindracea,</i>are proposed to neutralize the virus from two targets: spike protein (5XLR) and main protease (6YB7) in this study. The results show that the binding energies related to CPN-6YB7 and CYN-6YB7 interactions are found to be -8.02 kcal/mol and -6.83 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energies were -9.68 kcal/mol and -7.53 kcal/mol, respectively, for CPN-5XLR and CYN-5XLR. In the molecular dynamics results, RMSD values show that CPN and CYN can form stable complexes with the proteins where CYN is more stable with 6YB7 and CPN interacts better with 5XLR. These differences seem to be based on the type of interactions of the complexes. In conclusion, caulerpin and caulerpenyne can further be investigated experimentally for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficiency. </p>

A novel microstructure inspired from Nepenthes alata and lizard skin and its enhanced uni-directional liquid spreading property

Innovative biomimetic microstructure inspired by peristome of Nepenthes and lizard skin can achieve liquid uphill spreading.

Short peptide mediated self-assembly of platinum nanocrystals with selective spreading property

Nanosize spherical assemblies of platinum nanocrystals with core/shell configurations and selective spreading properties are prepared through short peptide mediation.

The spreading property for a prey-predator reaction-diffusion system with fractional diffusion

This paper is devoted to the study of some spreading properties of a prey-predator reaction-diffusion system where the diffusion term is replaced by the fractional Laplacian. We focus on the invasion of the introduced predator in some environment which is initially well-populated of prey. In contrast with the case of the standard Laplacian where the stable state invades the unstable one at constant speed, we prove that with fractional diffusion, generated for instance by a stable Lévy process, the front position is exponential in time.

Theoretical Calculation and Parametric Analysis of Tunnel Settlements due to Neighboring Over-Length Pile Groups

According to influence of pile groups of high-rise buildings on metro tunnels nearby, the research is made to analyze the stress of soil and the settlement of neighboring tunnels caused by pile groups. Based on the hypothesis of pile groups under flexible cushion cup, the plain strain of profile of tunnels is calculated by combining the load spreading property along over-length piles and Mindlin answer and the formula of displacement field of soil. In this way, MATLAB programs are made to get some useful conclusions by analyzing the influence factor of the settlements of tunnels such as the distance between them and the collocation of piles, the loading level and the scale of piles.

Effect of Metal Particles on Spreading Properties of Sn0.7Cu Based Composite Solder

The particle-reinforced composite solder is prepared by adding 1 μm Ag, 1 μm Ni and 8 μm Cu into Sn0.7Cu eutectic solder which serve as the base material in current research. The formation of a thin layer of intermetallics around the particle-reinforced will promote the closer integration between base-solder and particle-reinforced, and thus form the particle-reinforced composite solder. The appropriate reinforcement particles were selected and the effects of reinforcement particles on physical properties, mechanical properties and solderability of the composite solder were studied. The spreading property of Ni (3 vol %) particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was the worst among Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. The spreading property of the Cu particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solder was worse than those of Ag particle-reinforced Sn0.7Cu based composite solders. So the conclusion is drawn that Ag particles are considered as the most appropriate reinforced particles for Sn0.7Cu based composite solders.

Research on Powder Spreading Property Improvement of Wood-Plastic Composite SLS Rapid Prototyping Process

In this paper, powder spreading property in Wood-Plastic Composite(WPC) Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) rapid prototyping(RP) process is studied. WPC is more suitable for make parts by SLS according to its advantages, such as low-cost and green biological etc.. But as wood power is mainly composed of wood fiber and wood fibers have irregular shapes, easy to aggregate and block power spreading process, spreading powder uniformly on bed by leveling roller is difficult, resulting in bad shape quality of parts. In order to further improve powder spreading property of RP process, with optimal design of components, viscosity reducer calcium is added into WPC. Finally, as result of better powder spreading property, shape quality of the parts made by WPC is improved greatly and have good as well as with good laser sintering properties.