Mechanisms of stem cells action: reality and hypotheses

Despite the long history of stem cells studying, the mechanisms of their action are still not fully understood. A classic example is the described non-hematological effect of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), presumably due to the ability to transdifferentiation and cell fusion. The focus of clinical application in the field of regenerative medicine is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and the understanding of the ways of implementfnion of their regenerative potential has evolved significantly. MSC were discovered and described as a structural unit of the HSC niche responsible for the repair of connective tissue through differentiation. However, it later turned out that they are a regulator of various processes in the body as a whole. These processes include anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and immunomodulatory effects, which are realized in various ways. Among these pathways, the paracrine mechanism has already been identified – the release of various growth factors, exosomes and microvesicles, the mechanism of direct transfer of mitochondria and other cellular organelles from cell to cell using tunneling nanotubes, the mechanism of efferocytosis. One of the latest discoveries in this field was the immunomodulatory effect of apoptotic MSC.In general, the study of the stem cells mechanisms of action is a living, developing field of science in which the last word will not be said soon.

Effect of carissa edulis (VAHL) apocynaceae stem bark on hematological parameters in ccl¬4 induced albino rats

Aim/Objectives: There are claims that Carissa edulis has positive effects on hematological parameters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and claimed hematological effect of Carissa edulis on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.Method: Thirty six male albino rats were randomly allotted to six groups of six rats per group. The animals were treated with (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of the stem bark extract of Carissa edulis. The extract was administered daily by gavage to the animals for 28 consecutive days. The 50%v/v Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil was gavaged twice a week. The animals of the normal control group were given 5ml/kg of distilled water while those of the CCl4 group were administered CCl4 only twice a week.Result: Results of the study showed that the CCl4 group caused a significant decrease in most of the hematological parameters while the extract treated groups showed a significant increase in these parameters.Discussion / Conclusion: This suggests that the ethanolic stem bark extract has erythropoietic, thrombopoietic and positive effect on the immune system.

The mice’s hematological effect of given the Staphylococcus aureus and Persea americana

Staphylococcus aureus is often the cause of various diseases and food poisoning in animals and humans. Avocado seeds (Persea americana, Mill) contain important compounds that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to observe the hematological dynamics of mice (Mus musculus domesticus) infected with S. aureus and induced by P. americana extract. BALB/c male mice aged 12 weeks were divided into 6 groups of 5 in each group, named K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5, and K-6. All groups were infected with S. aureus 1x108 CFU cell/mL intraperitoneally (IP) on day 0. After the blood sample was taken, then K-1 was given a single dose of tetracyclin 130 mg/kg BW, K-2 was given 130 mg/kb BW oferythromycin, K-3 was given aquabidest (placebo), K-4 was given P. americana extract 300 mg/kg BW, K-5 at a dose 600 mg/kg BW and K-6 at a dose 1200 mg/kg BW. The treatment was given for 7 consecutive days, then a second blood sample was taken and analyzed with the VetScan-HM5 analyzer and interpreted. It was concluded that S. aureus infection caused leukopenia and was potentially followed by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis. The occurrence of microcytosis can lead to anemia, which can be categorized as microcytic hypochromic or normocytic normochromic. Administration of P. americana extract at a dose 300 mg/kg BW (K-4) for 7 days after S. aureus infection was found to be effective in improving hematological values in mice back to normal.

Synthesis and Characterization with Antineoplastic, Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Studies of Schiff Base Cu(II) Ion Complexes

Copper(II) complexes containing two Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol have been synthesized and characterized by means of analytical, magnetic, and spectroscopic methods. Bacteria, fungus,Entamoeba histolytica, and antineoplastic activities of the synthesized complexes have been determined by monitoring the parameters cell growth inhibition, survival time of tumour mice, time-body relation, causing of intraperitoneal cells and macrophages, alkaline phosphatase activity, hematological effect, and biopsy of tumour.