scholarly journals Cytological, Bacteriological and Antibiogram Studies for the Management of Uterine Infection in Repeat Breeder Bovines

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Pande ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Y.K. Soni ◽  
N. Prasad ◽  
N. Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
White Side ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Reproductive Problem ◽  
Endometrial Cytology ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Background: Repeat breeding syndrome (RBS) associated with sub-clinical uterine infection (UI) remains to be a major reproductive problem faced by Indian farmers. Present study documents its diagnosis, prevalent etiological agents, antibiogram pattern and efficacy of the treatment at field level. Methods: Seventy-eight RBS affected bovines were selected. The cervical mucous (CM) was collected for study of its characteristics, white-side test, endometrial cytology, microbial examination and antibiogram. The treatment protocol was developed and the animals’ response to the treatment was assessed. Result: The overall incidence of RBS was found to be 12.9% and the cases associated with uterine infection (RBS/UI+ve) and without uterine infection (RBS/UI-ve) were 44.87% and 55.13%, respectively. The mean scores of CM character, odour, pH and number of polymorphonuclear cells in RBS/UI +ve were 2.09±1.39, 1.14±0.12, 8.49±0.08 and 12.46±0.96, respectively, and differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from RBS/UI-ve cases. The microbial examination revealed the presence of gram negative bacilli, Trueperella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and yeast infection. Antibiogram studies recorded the response of Tetracyclin as best (48.57%) followed by Cephalexin (22.86%), Chloramphenicol (20.0%) and Streptomycin (8.57%). The RBS/UI+ve cases were treated individually, on one-to-one basis, obeying antibiogram. The infection appeared to be considerably controlled and overall success rate was observed in the form of confirmed pregnancy in 71.43% cases. Thus, it was concluded that prompt diagnosis using endometrial cytology and antibiogram guided therapeutic approach may aid for effective management of RBS/UI +ve cases, under field conditions.

scholarly journals Otodectic and bacterial etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Murad A. Hiblu ◽  
Omar M. Ellraiss ◽  
Elfurgani S. Karim ◽  
Rabia A. Elmishri ◽  
Enass M. Duro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Otodectes Cynotis

Background: Feline otitis externa is a dermatological disorder with a multifactorial complex etiology.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different etiological agents, particularly the parasitic and bacterial, responsible for the cases of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates from those cases.Methods: Cerumen and otic discharges of the suspected cats were collected for parasite detection and bacterial culture. Kirby–Bauer’s disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: The results showed that otodectic mites and bacterial causes were equally the most prevalent in those cases, with a prevalence of 47.1% each. Otodectes cynotis infestation was more frequently bilateral and severe. Staphylococcus spp. were the most prevalent among bacterial causes (75%), followed by Proteus spp. (16.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8.4%). Norfloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials against bacterial isolates, as they were effective against 83.3% and 70.8% of isolates, respectively.Conclusion: Otodectes cynotis infestation and staphylococcal infections constituted the most common etiology of feline otitis externa in Tripoli, Libya, and norfloxacin represented a cogent antibacterial for the treatment of otitis externa.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Resistance Pattern of Microorganisms Associated with Mastitis in Buffalo

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Azam Talukder ◽  
Hasna Hena Rahman ◽  
SM Jamil Mahmud ◽  
Fahmida Alam ◽  
Shuvra Kanti Dey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The City ◽  
Mastitis Control

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis along with the etiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility were studied around the city of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Milk samples from 30 apparently healthy buffaloes were subjected to microbiological examinations while subclinical mastitis was diagnosed based on California Mastitis Test (CTM). Seventy percent of the buffaloes examined were positive for subclinical mastitis. A total of 42 isolates of 5 different species were identified. Among them, Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequently identified bacterial species accounting for 50% of all the isolates, followed by E.coli (28.57%), Enterobacter (14.29%), Bacillus spp. (4.76%) and Proteus spp. (2.38%). Highest resistance was found against amoxicillin (21.43%) where chloramphenicol and ciprofloxac in proved to be a more successful antimicrobial agent, resistance against which wasonly 4.76%. Results from the present study suggest that contagious mastitis controlpractice along with good personal hygiene practice is required for mastitis control in the area.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 1-5

Identification and clinico-gynaecological characterization of reproductive disorders in crossbred cows under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Dutta ◽  
K. C. Nath ◽  
B. C. Deka ◽  
D. Bhuyan ◽  
P. Borah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Oestrogen Level ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Repeat Breeder

The present study was conducted on a total of 909 crossbred cows maintained in various private farms from Kamrup, Darrang and Lakhimpur districts of Assam. Breeding records provided by the farmers and characteristic genital changes detected on per rectum examination of 133 reported infertile cows were analyzed. The study revealed that the incidence of infertility due to different types of reproductive disorders was 14.63 per cent in cross bred cow under field conditions. Common clinically detectable reproductive disorders were repeat breeding with uterine infection, repeat breeding without uterine infection, true anoestrus and silent oestrus with the percentage frequencies of 36.09, 23.30, 20.30 and 17.29 respectively when estimated out of total number of infertile cows. Less frequent reproductive disorders were pyometra, ovarian cyst, infantile genitalia and ovario-bursal adhesion occurring in the frequencies of 36.09, 23.30, 20.30 and 17.29 per cent respectively. Irrespective of type the incidence of anoestrus and repeat breeding was 37.59 and 59.39 per cent respectively. Palpable corpus luteum was present in the ovary of silent oestrous cows but totally absent in cows affected with true anoestrus. Mucopurulent vaginal discharge was a distinct clinically detectable genital characteristic observed in 62.50 per cent repeat breeder cows with uterine infection. Of the infertile cows 53.38 per cent had body condition score between 2.5 and 3.5 and 46.61 per cent had the score less than 2.5. Out of repeat breeder cows with uterine infection 43.66 per cent had good body condition and 27.41 per cent poor body condition. Level of serum calcium, zinc, leptin, ghrelin and IGF-1 did not vary significantly between types of infertility. Level of phosphorus and iron was lower in cows affected with repeat breeding due to infection. Serum oestrogen level remained low in cows affected with silent oestrus and true anoestrus while level of progesterone was higher in cows affected with silent oestrus.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Uterine Microorganisms in Postpartum Dairy Cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Azizun Nesa ◽  
S D Joy ◽  
M O Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Diseased Animal ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify uterine microorganisms in postpartum cows and to observe  the occurrence of uterine infection in crossbred and local cows. One hundred and nine samples, from both  crossbred and local dairy cows were collected from Chittagong area. They were inseminated artificially  (n=89) and naturally (n=20). Samples were collected at least 3 months after calving. Among the selected cows,  33 had different reproductive diseases and the rest were from apparently healthy cows. The crossbred dairy  cows were more susceptible to reproductive diseases (19.27%) than the local ones. Uterine infection was  higher (52%) in cows inseminated artificially than that of natural ones (21.21%). Nineteen different types of  bacteria were isolated from both diseased and healthy animals, except Clostridium spp and Nocardia spp which  were not found in diseased animal. Likewise, Bacillus spp and Salmonella spp were absent in healthy animals.  Most prevalent bacteria in diseased animal were Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp found in 33% and  27.3% of the cases respectively. In non-diseased cases, the highest number of samples was positive for  Bacteroied spp (13.2%) followed by Streptococcus spp (10.4%). On average, the highest number of bacterial  population was isolated from diseased samples and most of those bacteria are pathogenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11804 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 19-23

scholarly journals Microbial Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Equine Endometritis in Field Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
María Luisa Díaz-Bertrana ◽  
Stefan Deleuze ◽  
Lidia Pitti Rios ◽  
Marc Yeste ◽  
Inmaculada Morales Fariña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Endometritis is one of the main causes of infertility in mares. In the present study, 363 mares with a history of repetitive infertility, and positive endometrial cytology and/or vaginal discharge were included. An endometrial swab for microbiological purposes plus sensitivity test was obtained from each mare. A positive culture was obtained in 89% of mares. The main isolated genera were Staphylococcus (25.1%), Streptococcus (18.2%), Escherichia (17.3%) and Pseudomonas (12.1%). With regard to species, the most isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (17.3%), Staphylococcus spp. (15.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (13.5%9). Sensitivity tests showed that the most efficient antimicrobial was amikacin (57.3% of cultures), followed by cefoxitin (48.6%) and gentamicin (48.3%). When sensitivity test was analyzed in terms of Gram+ and Gram– bacteria, Gram+ were highly resistant to cephaloridine (77.3% of cultures), apramycin (70.8%) and penicillin (62.3%), whereas Gram– were highly resistant to penicillin (85.8%), followed by cephaloridine (78.9%). In conclusion, the present study shows the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from equine endometritis, which were found to be resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials. Likewise, these results highlight the significance of performing microbiological analyses as well as sensitivity tests prior to applying an antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals POST-PARTUM SUB-CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN DAIRY COWS: INCIDENCE AND DIAGNOSIS

SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
◽  
Madhumeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Uterine Perfusion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Post-partum uterine infections such as metritis, clinical endometritis and sub-clinical endometritis, are the most common cause for decreased productivity and fertility in dairy cows. Being the least severe form of endometritis, sub-clinical endometritis (SCE) is defined as the superficial inflammation of endometrium with no signs of systemic illness and characterized by an increase in number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) inside the uterine lumen. The impact of sub-clinical endometritis on fertility of dairy cows is well known probably due to absence of any clinical signs and thus, difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Different techniques such as endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy, biochemical analysis of uterine fluid, and measurement of acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers have been employed for the diagnosis of SCE. Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography of middle uterine arteries and uterus have also been used to diagnose the inflammation via assessment of uterine perfusion, respectively. Among all methods, endometrial cytology via cytotape is one of the most advanced and frequently employed methods for diagnosis of cytological endometritis based on the fact that proportion of PMNCs increase during uterine inflammation. The review focuses mainly on current status of incidence and diagnosis of post-partum sub-clinical endometritis in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Corneal ulcer: an epidemiological, microbiological and clinical study of cases attending Assam medical college and hospital, Dibrugarh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Mamoni Baruah ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Das ◽  
Vijaya Agarwalla ◽  
Pranami Basyach
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Corneal ulcer is one of the important ophthalmic conditions causing significant morbidity especially in the developing countries. This study was carried out to evaluate the common etiological agents, predisposing factors, age, gender and occupational distribution and to study the clinical features and management of all corneal ulcers.Methods: A total of 50 cases of corneal ulcers who attended the Ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) of Assam medical college and hospital, Assam, India, over a 6 months period were included in the study. A detailed history was taken and examination done as per the proforma. Microscopy and culture were performed on all corneal specimens obtained.Results: Corneal ulcers were common in 3rd to 5th decades of life with Male to Female ratio of 1.3:1. Majority of patients were farmers or hired agricultural workers. Ocular trauma was the major predisposing factor in majority of cases (32%). Out of 50 cases, 31 (62%) were culture positive. 19 were bacterial isolates and 12 were fungal isolates. All patients were treated according to standard treatment protocol and majority (95.5%) patients responded well to treatment.Conclusions: This study has revealed that suppurative corneal ulcers are caused by both bacterial and fungal agents with bacterial preponderance in this geographical area. Early and accurate diagnosis and intensive treatment is the need of hour for saving the eye and preventing the catastrophe of lifelong blindness.

scholarly journals The in vitro efficacy of eye drops containing a bacteriophage solution specific for Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dogs with bacterial conjunctivitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Ireneusz Balicki ◽  
Katarzyna Świąder ◽  
Anna Nowaczek ◽  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of experimental eye drops with bacteriophages in elimination of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dogs with bacterial conjunctivitis.. The bacterial material was collected from dogs with independent clinical signs of bacterial conjunctivitis. Staphylococcus spp. were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods (MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry). Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disc-diffusion method. Phage activity (Plaque forming units, PFU) was determined on double-layer agar plates. Phages with lytic titres > 108 PFU were used to prepare eye drops. The stability of the antibacterial titre was evaluated for preparations stored in sealed bottles as well as after opening and reclosing. Results The tests confirmed the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. strains as etiological agents of bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs. A high percentage of strains were resistant to more than three antibiotics. The experimental phage eye drops used in the study exhibited 100% efficacy in vitro against the tested Staphylococcus isolates. Particularly noteworthy is the long duration of activity and constant antibacterial lytic titre of ≥108 PFU/mL of two eye drop solutions, nos. 7 and 12, after the bottle had been opened (21 days) and after hermetically sealed packaging (28 days) at 4–8 °C. Conclusions The results represent the first stage of research and require continuation in vivo. If positive effects are obtained in animals, the results can be used in applied research in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological profiles of sub-fertility in Zebu Cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
KF Pariza ◽  
ASM Bari ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
MGS Alam ◽  
M Noor
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Uterine Infection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeat Breeder ◽  
Zebu Cows

Blood samples from cows with reproductive problems (anoestrus, repeat breeder, uterine infection) were collected for haematological, biochemical and humoral immune response analyses. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher and haemoglobin (Hb) lowers in subfertile cows than innormal cycling cows. The packed cell volume (PCV) was lower in anoestrus and repeat breeding cows than in control. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was not significantly different, whereas total leukocyte count (TLC) significantly higher (p<0.01) in anoestrus and repeat breeder cows. The bilirubin concentration was significantly higher (p<0.005) in anoestrus and uterine infected cows compared with control. The mean serum IgG was lower in all subfertile cows than control. It is suggested that there is no specific clinico-pathological marker for reproductive disorders in cows. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i1.4624 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 1, 1-7

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