Contribution to the Study of the Environmental Impact of Microbiological Pollution of the Water in the Lukaya River, Kinshasa DR of Congo

The data used in this work were collected between the month of January and February of the year 2016 in the Lukaya River, located in the commune of Mont-ngafula, in the city province of Kinshasa. The DRC does not have a specific law or a water code and a clear national policy on integrated water resources management. Several projects exist and are underway with the support of German cooperation. The framework for the application of the laws of the related sectors is hardly applied this favors pollution, the irrational exploitation of fishery resources, inappropriate use of chemicals raising hygienic and environmental concerns. The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impact of the microbiological pollution of the water in the Lukaya River. The water samples were taken from the different sites in 600 ml plastic Canadian bottles and their analysis was performed at the INRB laboratory and the approach adopted in this work is that of membrane filtration which led to the following results: a high bacteriological concentration and numerous pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter, Proteus penneri, Citrabacter and many other bacteria which testify to faecal contamination such as coliforms and faecal streptococci.

Effect of Bacterial Isolates From Soil Samples on Bisphenol A

Twenty five samples were collected from the soil around the Tigris River from different locations in Iraqi cities, and 45 bacterial isolates were obtained. Three of these isolates were further tested for their degrading capacity of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Basal Mineral Medium, included: Pseudomonas orizohibtanis, Escherishia coli and Proteus penneri. The optimal temperature for the removal of BPA was determined at 20˚C, 37˚ and 45˚C for 1, 5, and 15 days, and the degradation increased up to a temperature of 37°C. Growth test was performed on isolated bacteria with BisPhenol A as the sole carbon source, and with increasing incubation time, the culture grew almost linearly to 24 hours. BPA decreased after 1days after incubating with tested bacterial isolates, and almost broken after 5 days, while it disappeared after 15 days at 37C, and Pseudomonas orizohibtanis exhibited the best degradation of BPA. The absorbance peaks in the UV region appeared at 222 and 276 nm and attributed to the benzene ring and triazine ring respectively. The end products of BPA degradation were analyzed by GCMS after 15 days of incubation. The chromatogram for Pseudomanas orizohibtanis showed three peaks at retention times of 70, 210 and 280 min, and referred to hexasiloxane, heptasiloxane, and Octasiloxane respectively. The present study was aimed to isolate bacteria from the soil of the Tigris River, and determined the ability to degrade Bisphenol-A, and characterized the environmental conditions of bacterial growth, and then analysis the products of the degradation by GC-MS.

Avaliação da qualidade da água superficial em bacias urbanas da Ilha do Maranhão

O presente trabalho avalia a qualidade da água em duas microbacias urbanas (rios Urucutiua e Claro) situadas na Ilha do Maranhão, visando comparar os efeitos da urbanização e os impactos ambientais. Para isso, realizou-se análise laboratorial de parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos de amostras de água superficial coletadas bimestralmente (2013-2014) em quatro pontos e; o mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo das microbacias por meio do SIG ArcGIS, em recorte temporal (2007-2014) de imagens de satélite Quickbird. Os resultados indicaram, a contaminação em níveis elevados por microrganismos patogênicos em todas as amostras: Escherichia coli, na bacia do rio Urucutiua e; Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus penneri, e Chromobacterium violaceum, na bacia do rio Claro. Os parâmetros físico-químicos mostraram acidez elevada em todas as amostras; Oxigênio Dissolvido abaixo do recomendado em 75% das amostras do rio Claro e 33% do rio Urucutiua; e Nitrogênio total acima do permitido em 91,7% das amostras. O uso do solo mostrou que a microbacia do rio Urucutiua sofreu as maiores alterações, com expressiva supressão da vegetação (71,6%, em 2007 e; 34,1% em 2014) e aumento das áreas de solo exposto, enquanto a bacia do rio Claro apresentou consolidação do processo de urbanização.

Phylogenetic Relationship of Bacterial Species Involved in Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soils

The bio-stimulation of hydrocarbon degrading microbial population in soil using agricultural wastes was carried out. Top soil (0-25 cm depth) from three points were bulked to form composite soil samples, 6 kg each of the composite soil sample was weighed and transferred into 150 plastic buckets with drainage holes at the base. The soil in each plastic bucket was spiked with 300 ml crude oil and amended with different concentrations of agro-wastes and allowed for duration of 30, 60 and 90 days. The soil samples were then collected and analysed for both total heterotrophic bacterial counts and crude-oil utilizing bacterial counts. Data collected were subjected to a three-way analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference Test at 5% probability level. The result showed that the application of the amendments increased the bacterial counts in the soil at different treatment levels. However, a higher proliferation rate was observed with bacteria counts exposed to higher waste concentrations compared to their counterparts exposed to lower waste concentrations. The phylogenetic relationship of the hydrocarbon degrading bacterial species shows that the identified bacteria were in two clusters: cluster 1 consist of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus penneri, while cluster 2 consist of Serratia marcescens, Providencia rettgeri and Enterobacter asburiae. The bacterial species obtained shows a greater relationship, this imply that the similarity of the bacterial species could be the reason for their high proficiency in degrading the hydrocarbons in the soil.

ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE UM CENTRO DE MATERIAL ESTERILIZADO HOSPITALAR: IDENTIFICAÇÃO E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS

Devido a influência da contaminação de superfícies hospitalares na disseminação de microrganismos patogênicos no ambiente hospitalar, este estudo objetivou identificar a microbiota presente em superfícies hospitalares de um Centro de Material Esterilizado (CME) antes e depois da higienização, e avaliar a suscetibilidade das bactérias encontradas frente a antibióticos usados em tratamentos para infecções. As amostras foram coletadas em diferentes superfícies de um CME antes e após a higienização. Os microrganismos foram identificados e após o isolamento, foi realizado o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo método de disco-difusão conforme padronização do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). No total de 10 superfícies analisadas em cada momento, foram encontradas 10 cepas antes da higienização e 8 após (n=18). Acinetobacter baumannii foi o microrganismo mais frequente, representando 50% das cepas encontradas; seguido de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 11,1% e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) 11,1%. O teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi realizado com as 18 cepas e todas apresentaram resistência a, no mínimo, um antibiótico. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que A. baumannii foi o patógeno encontrado com mais frequência, antes e depois da higienização. E os microrganismos que mais apresentaram resistência foram as cepas de A. baumannii, Proteus penneri e SCN, apresentando resistência a quatro antibióticos.

Biodegradation Effect of some Bacterial Isolates on some Endocrine Disruptors (EDCS)

EDCs raised a certain concern for living health began since last century, via interfere with natural hormone functions and produce reversible or irreversible biological effects. Bisphenol (BPA) is an organic compound that causing human health risks. Different bacterial spp. has biodegradation ability for wide range of EDC. 4 bacterial spp. were isolated and worked on (Pseudomonas auroginosa, Pseudomona lutoi, Proteus penneri, and E.coli). The effect of substrate tolerate bisphenol (5 mg/ ml) using the well diffusion method were investigated. The biodegradation effect of bacterial isolated on breakdown bisphenol and its derivatives using UV vis spectrophotometer were studied and comparing in various incubation time and temperature to assess the effect of the physical conditions on the bacterial ability of bisphenol degradation. Proteus penneri showed a significant ability to resistance to para-phenol and meta-phenol, while highly sensitive to ortho- aminophenol and para- creso, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Pseudomonas lutiola sensitive to meta- aminophenol, while resist to degraded three phenol compounds (para, ortho aminophenol, and para crysol). Data showed a significant effect for ps. Lutiola after 15 days of incubation followed by p. penorri and E.coli. to degraded phenol chemical compounds. Data demonstaed that bacterial spp. ps. Lutiola has an obvious degradation effect for bisphenol compound after 15 days of incubation however, Sp. euroginosa showed an absolutely different behavior toward bisphenol which showed an raising absorbance after the 15 days of incubation. The ability of different local bacterial isolated to breakdown the phenol and its derivitives in surface water was investigated .

Implication of Proteus spp in the Pathology of Nosocomial Wound Infection in Northeastern Nigeria

Aims: To determine the infection rate and antibiogram of Proteus spp among hospitalised patients suffering from wound infection in Maiduguri. Methodology: A total of 320 wound swab samples were collected from August 2016 to June 2017, and processed via microscopy, culture and further confirmed by biochemical tests. Kirby bauer disc diffusion test was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Proteus spp isolated. Results: Twenty eight (28) samples yielded Proteus spp, giving a prevalence rate of 8.75%. Male patients were more affected (60.71%) compared to females (39.29%). Difference in sex in relation to rate of infection was statistically not significant (X2 =3.963, p<.01). Patients within the age group of 21-30 years (28.57%) recorded the highest bacterial yield while those of 61-70 years and >70 years (3.57% respectively) recorded the least. Patients suffering from Wound Sepsis and Burns recorded the most significant infection rate (28.57% respectively). Proteus mirabilis (53.57%) was the most isolated Proteus specie while Proteus penneri (7.14%) was the least. Proteus spp isolates demonstrated a marked resistance against Augmentin (89.29%) and Nalidixic Acid (85.71%) but high sensitivity was observed towards Ciprofloxacin (85.71%) and Streptomycin (78.57%). Conclusion: We establish that Proteus spp actually contribute to the pathology of wounds infection among hospitalised patients, and the Proteus specie most implicated in the aetiology of wound infection is Proteus mirabilis. Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin are the drugs of choice for the treatment of patients with Proteus spp wound infection in the study area, and the use of Nalidixic acid and Augmentin is highly discouraged due to high resistance.