A geodatabase of blood pressure level and the associated factors including lifestyle, nutritional, air pollution, and urban greenspace

Objectives Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease globally. A multifaceted combination of risk factors is associated with hypertension. Scientific literature has shown the association among individual and environmental factors with hypertension, however, a comprehensive database including demographic, environmental, individual attributes and nutritional status has been rarely studied. Moreover, an integrated spatial-epidemiological approach has been scarcely researched. Therefore, this study aims to provide and describe a geodatabase including individual-based and socio-environmental data related to people living in the city of Mashhad, Iran in 2018. Data description The database has been extracted from the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The data note includes three shapefiles and a help file. The shapefile format is a digital vector storage format for storing geometric location and associated attribute information. The first shapefile includes the data of population, air pollutants and amount of available green space for each census block of the city. The second shapefile consists of aggregated blood pressure data to the census blocks of the city. The third shapefile comprises the individual characteristics data (i.e., demographic, clinical, and lifestyle). Finally, the fourth file is a guide to the previous data files for users.

Efficient Visualization Method and Implementation of Reservoir Model Based on WPF

In view of the slow speed and poor effect of real-time rendering of large-scale reservoir geological grid model, a new grid model hidden algorithm is proposed by analyzing the Eclipse reservoir grid model storage format, grid model representation, and cell sorting rule, which optimizes the original grid data and improves the rendering speed of reservoir grid model. The algorithm in this paper eliminates hidden points and faces according to the topological relationship of the grid, and finally, only the visible point and face data are extracted as the final visual input data. Through the realization of 3D visualization software of reservoir geological model and well trajectory, the correctness and efficiency of the hidden algorithm are verified. In the software, firstly, the number of display grids is effectively reduced by preprocessing, and the 3D graphics technology of WPF and helix is adopted to realize the high-efficiency display of reservoir grids. The comparison test of different scale reservoir models shows that the method can reduce the point and surface data by more than 85% and shows that the speed optimization effect is significant. The 3D display function realizes the interactive functions such as roaming, zooming, and viewpoint switching of the reservoir model, truly reveals again the geological environment and borehole information of underground drilling, which is helpful for drilling interpretation and decision-making, provides a reasonable drilling tracking geological target drilling scheme for the drilling process, and realizes the seamless connection of geological engineering integration.

Surgical Application of Human Amniotic Membrane and Amnion-Chorion Membrane in the Oral Cavity and Efficacy Evaluation: Corollary With Ophthalmological and Wound Healing Experiences

Due to its intrinsic properties, there has been growing interest in human amniotic membrane (hAM) in recent years particularly for the treatment of ocular surface disorders and for wound healing. Herein, we investigate the potential use of hAM and amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) in oral surgery. Based on our analysis of the literature, it appears that their applications are very poorly defined. There are two options: implantation or use as a cover material graft. The oral cavity is submitted to various mechanical and biological stimulations that impair membrane stability and maintenance. Thus, some devices have been combined with the graft to secure its positioning and protect it in this location. This current opinion paper addresses in detail suitable procedures for hAM and ACM utilization in soft and hard tissue reconstruction in the oral cavity. We address their implantation and/or use as a covering, storage format, application side, size and number, multilayer use or folding, suture or use of additional protective covers, re-application and resorption/fate. We gathered evidence on pre- and post-surgical care and evaluation tools. Finally, we integrated ophthalmological and wound healing practices into the collected information. This review aims to help practitioners and researchers better understand the application of hAM and ACM in the oral cavity, a place less easily accessible than ocular or cutaneous surfaces. Additionally, it could be a useful reference in the generation of new ideas for the development of innovative protective covering, suturing or handling devices in this specific indication. Finally, this overview could be considered as a position paper to guide investigators to fulfill all the identified criteria in the future.

Standardizing human brain parcellations

Using brain atlases to localize regions of interest is a requirement for making neuroscientifically valid statistical inferences. These atlases, represented in volumetric or surface coordinate spaces, can describe brain topology from a variety of perspectives. Although many human brain atlases have circulated the field over the past fifty years, limited effort has been devoted to their standardization. Standardization can facilitate consistency and transparency with respect to orientation, resolution, labeling scheme, file storage format, and coordinate space designation. Our group has worked to consolidate an extensive selection of popular human brain atlases into a single, curated, open-source library, where they are stored following a standardized protocol with accompanying metadata, which can serve as the basis for future atlases. The repository containing the atlases, the specification, as well as relevant transformation functions is available in the neuroparc OSF registered repository or https://github.com/neurodata/neuroparc.

Choosing a Data Storage Format in the Apache Hadoop System Based on Experimental Evaluation Using Apache Spark

One of the most important tasks of any platform for big data processing is storing the data received. Different systems have different requirements for the storage formats of big data, which raises the problem of choosing the optimal data storage format to solve the current problem. This paper describes the five most popular formats for storing big data, presents an experimental evaluation of these formats and a methodology for choosing the format. The following data storage formats will be considered: avro, CSV, JSON, ORC, parquet. At the first stage, a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of the studied formats was carried out; at the second stage, an experimental evaluation of these formats was prepared and carried out. For the experiment, an experimental stand was deployed with tools for processing big data installed on it. The aim of the experiment was to find out characteristics of data storage formats, such as the volume and processing speed for different operations using the Apache Spark framework. In addition, within the study, an algorithm for choosing the optimal format from the presented alternatives was developed using tropical optimization methods. The result of the study is presented in the form of a technique for obtaining a vector of ratings of data storage formats for the Apache Hadoop system, based on an experimental assessment using Apache Spark.

An Efficient Indexing Scheme for Network Traffic Collection and Retrieval System

Historical network traffic retrieval, both at the packet and flow level, has been applied in many fields of network security, such as network traffic analysis and network forensics. To retrieve specific packets from a vast number of packet traces, it is an effective solution to build indexes for the query attributes. However, it brings challenges of storage consumption and construction time overhead for packet indexing. To address these challenges, we propose an efficient indexing scheme called IndexWM based on the wavelet matrix data structure for packet indexing. Moreover, we design a packet storage format based on the PcapNG format for our network traffic collection and retrieval system, which can speed up the extraction of index data from packet traces. Offline experiments on randomly generated network traffic and actual network traffic are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed indexing scheme. We choose an open-source and widely used bitmap indexing scheme, FastBit, for comparison. Apart from the native bitmap compression method Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH), we implement an efficient bitmap compression method Scope-Extended COMPAX (SECOMPAX) in FastBit for performance evaluation. The comparison results show that our scheme outperforms the selected bitmap indexing schemes in terms of time consumption, storage consumption and retrieval efficiency.

The variant call format provides efficient and robust storage of GWAS summary statistics

GWAS summary statistics are fundamental for a variety of research applications yet no common storage format has been widely adopted. Existing tabular formats ambiguously or incompletely store information about genetic variants and associations, lack essential metadata and are typically not indexed yielding poor query performance and increasing the possibility of errors in data interpretation and post-GWAS analyses. To address these issues, we adapted the variant call format to store GWAS summary statistics (GWAS-VCF) and developed open-source tools to use this format in downstream analyses. We provide open access to over 10,000 complete GWAS summary datasets converted to this format (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk).