Influence of curing technology on morphology and physical characteristics of epoxy glue DM-5-65

Проведено комплексное исследование воздействия энергетических полей различной физической природы – электротермического (ЭТ), ультразвукового (УЗ), сверхвысокочастотного (СВЧ) и комбинации этих полей на морфологию, удельную плотность и свободную поверхностную энергию промышленного эпоксидного клея ДМ-5-65, содержащего в качестве одного из неорганических наполнителей титанат бария (BaTiO3). В соответствии с технологией изготовления составных электроакустических преобразователей гидроакустических систем клей наносился на поверхность пьезокерамики, металлизированную серебром высокотемпературным методом «вжигания». Экспериментально установлено существенное варьирование характера расположения наполнителя BaTiO3 в матрице связующего, плотности химических связей и адгезии образующегося соединения клей – металл при изменении технологии отверждения клея. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о возможности регулирования в широких пределах плотности и однородности клея, а также смачиваемости клеем поверхности твердого тела. A comprehensive study of the effect of energy fields of various physical nature – electrothermal (ET), ultrasonic (US), microwave and a combination of these fields on the morphology, specific density and free surface energy of industrial epoxy glue DM-5-65, containing barium titanate (BaTiO3) as one of the non-organic fillers. In accordance with the technology of manufacturing composite electroacoustic transducers of hydroacoustic systems, glue was applied to the surface of piezoceramics, metallized with silver by the high-temperature "burning" method. Experimentally, a significant variation in the nature of the location of the BaTiO3 filler in the binder matrix, the density of chemical bonds, and the adhesion of the resulting glue-metal compound when the glue curing technology changes. The analysis of the obtained results shows that it is possible to control the density and uniformity of the glue, as well as the wettability of the solid surface by the glue, within a wide range.

Determination of Iodide and Fluoride in Brassica Oleraceae Var. Acephale with Ion Selective Electrodes

Black dandelion is widely grown in the Black Sea region, consumption as food is quite high. There are many trace elements important in terms of nutritional value. Goitre disease, which is common in this region, is caused by iodide deficiency. Fluoride is of great importance for the health of the teeth. Therefore, in our study, we wanted to measure the iodide and fluoride found in the most consumed dandelions in this region with iodide and fluoride selective electrodes. The black cabbage samples were dried to constant weighing. It was made soluble by wet burning method. Iodide and fluoride ions were determined by dilution. Our electrode consisting of ion exchange, PVC and plasticizer has a sensitivity of 59 mV to 10-5 - 10-1 M iodide. Our electrode, which is composed of calcium fluoride and less soluble silver salts, shows a sensitivity of 28 mV to 10-5 - 10-1 M fluoride. Iodide and fluoride measurements can be made with our electrodes which are not sensitive to any other anion and cation.

Production of molded refractory products based on zeolite-containing rocks and high-modulus polysilicates

The development of a new method for producing molded non-fired refractory materials is necessary to replace imported products with Russian-made products based on locally available raw materials, as well as increasing requirements to reduce energy costs and increase environment-friendly manufacturing. Samples of molded refractory products are obtained and tested on the basis of zeolite-containing rocks and high-modulus polysilicates. Zeolite-containing rocks are a common mineral, so the technology can be easily scaled, including in the European part of Russia, while traditional refractory raw materials are concentrated on the periphery of the Russian Federation. The strength and fire-resistant properties of these samples are due to the presence of phosphorus-silicate bonds. The type of binding is a chemical reaction based on the interaction of phosphates, alkaline silicates and other salts. Refractory molded products obtained by the non-burning method will be in high demand in the metallurgical, energy and chemical industries, and the use of available natural raw materials for their production is a guarantee of economic benefits for their manufacture and use. The technical characteristics of the obtained samples are determined: strength of refractory products, bulk mass, fire resistance, residual strength of samples after their heating to the application temperature, water absorption of samples, limits of permissible deviations of sizes, indicators of the appearance of products.

Distribution of heavy metals and organic in the clam culture areas at Binh Dai, Ba Tri, Thach Phu in Ben Tre province

The paper presents the contents of metals and organic in the surface sediments (5–10 cm) at the submerged clam culture areas in Ben Tre province. The metal samples were digested by nitric acid 10% and analyzed by ICP-MS method, total organic matters (HC) were determined by the burning method at 500oC. The results showed that the content of Zn ranged from 22.4 to 48.1 µg/g, Cu: 3.3–25.1 µg/g, Pb: 7.3–27.8 µg/g, As: 1.1–4.7 µg/g, Cd: 0.1–0.4 µg/g, Ni: 8.3–4.5 µg/g, Co: 7.3–11.9 µg/g, Cr: 5.8–15.3 µg/g, Fe: 0.8–1.74 µg/g and organic: 1.2–8.4%. The contents of all elements in the sediment in the canals were much higher than in the clam culture areas at the river mouths. The concentrations of metals in clam culture areas were lower than threshold effect levels (TEL) according to Canadian standards.

Fabrication of High Nano-ZnO Doped with Boric Acid Assembled on Cotton Fabric with Flame Retardant Properties

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics coated with a high nano-ZnO content. Via a simply method in situ, a novel ZnO/cotton composite can be fabricated with a high proportion of nano-ZnO assembled on cotton fabric, where the finished cotton fabric has a certain property of flame retardancy. Discussed herein is the effect of the processed liquid concentration, ammonia-smoking time, and curing temperature on fabric properties such as flame retardancy and hand feeling. Performed were also tests of doping boric acid using the vertical burning method. The finished cotton fabrics were analysed using X-Ray Diffrcation (XRD) and a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM), which indicated that between the fibres, and inside the lumen and mesopores of the cotton fibres are assembled with nano-ZnO. The results show that the nano-ZnO content on cotton fabrics can reach up to 15.63 wt%, with the finished cotton fabric having excellent flame retardancy, despite the long after-glow time; however, doping with 0.8 wt% boric acid on the cotton fabric can markedly reduce this. Therefore, a high amount of nano-ZnO doped with boric acid assembled on cotton fabric has great potential in the future.

Superfast Preparation of SWNT Sponge by Flame Burning Method and Its Adsorptive, Elastic and Electrochemical Properties

A compressible single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sponge was developed by a superfast flame burning method in less than 20[Formula: see text]s by moving polyurethane (PU) sponge template coated with SWNTs through an ethanol flame. By adjusting the geometries of the templates, the arbitrary shapes of the SWNT sponges composed of a unique network structure could be prepared as required. The SWNT sponges possessing good hydrophobicity and outstanding organic solvent adsorption capacity could adsorb various organic solvents and oils with high adsorption rate and good adsorption–volatilization and adsorption–combustion recycling performance. The SWNT sponges present good elasticity and compression stability even after a compressive strain of 80% and the 1000th loading/unloading cycle due to the stable skeleton structures. The SWNT sponges as flexible electrodes could also achieve high-specific capacitance of 126.8[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 1[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and 95% capacitance retention after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. Owing to the availability of the flame, easy decomposition of the PU sponge and flame resistance of SWNTs, this facile flame burning method was demonstrated to be a practical approach to prepare the SWNT sponges on a large scale with controllable shape and density, moderate organic liquid adsorption capability, good elasticity and decent electromechanical properties.

Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role

Murniati, Suharti S. 2018. Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role. Biodiversitas19: 1396-1405. Zero burning during peatland preparation should be implemented to prevent disturbance of its natural biodiversity aswell as to minimize the triggering factors of forest fire incidents in Indonesia. The objective of the research is to study method and costof peatland preparation, alternative incentive schemes to be applied in order to facilitate zero burning farming as well as to identifypotential stakeholders involved in the implementation of the incentive. The research was done in Siak District, Riau Province duringMay to December 2016 through field observation and interview. Two groups of respondents interviewed in the research, i.e., peatlandfarmers (40 respondents) and officials of related institutions (32 respondents), who were selected through purposive sampling method.The results showed there were three methods of peatland preparation at the research sites practiced by the farmers: (i) Under controlburning, (ii) Zero burning, manually and (iii) Zero burning, mechanically. Actual cost of zero burning is significantly higher or morethan two times than that of under control burning method. Therefore, there is a need to provide the smallholders peatland farmers withan incentive scheme to support zero burning practice. Margin of cost between zero burning (manually) and under control burning ofpeatland preparation methods is recommended to be used as standard for incentive. The incentive should be in the form of compulsoryprograms and applied gradually to assure zero burning peatland preparation widely implemented. Potential stakeholders involved andtheir commitment to implement the incentive scheme should be encouraged.