Evaluation of euthanasia methods using injectable agents in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Knutson ◽  
Olivia A. Petritz ◽  
Mandy Womble ◽  
Gregory A Lewbart ◽  
Julie A Balko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Spontaneous Movement ◽  
Eublepharis Macularius ◽  
Leopard Gecko ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
Muscle Spasms

Reptile euthanasia techniques are poorly described. This non-blinded randomized study compared pentobarbital, lidocaine, and potassium chloride (KCl) for leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) euthanasia at 20° Celsius and evaluated for post-mortem artifacts. Fifty-three non-clinical adult leopard gecko were scheduled for euthanasia due to Cryptosporidium varanii exposure. Based on pilot study results, geckos randomly received one of six treatments: intracoelomic (ICo) pentobarbital 400mg/kg (ICo-P4, n = 9) or 800mg/kg (ICo-P8, n = 9), intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone 20mg/kg followed by intracardiac (ICa) pentobarbital 800mg/kg (ICa-P, n = 9), KCl 10mEq/kg (ICa-K, n = 9), or lidocaine 100mg/kg (ICa-L, n = 9) or IM alfaxalone 20mg/kg (IM-A, n = 8, control). Serial Doppler heart rate assessments were performed until cardiac arrest, 30 minutes (ICa groups), or 60 minutes (ICo groups). Cardiac arrest occurred in 7/9, 9/9, 9/9, 8/9, and 8/9 geckos in ICo-P4, ICo-P8, ICa-P, ICa-K, and ICa-L, respectively, with median (range) times of 35 (25 - 45), 30 (15-60), 0 (0 - 6.33), 0 (0 - 0.05), and 0 (0 - 0.03) minutes. Side effects were noted in a subset of ICo-P (arched posture) and ICa-K (muscle spasms) geckos. Six geckos in ICa-L had Doppler sound resumption several hours following cessation, with three displaying spontaneous movement. All geckos in IM-A recovered. Intracardiac pentobarbital following IM alfaxalone caused rapid, permanent loss of heartbeat in all tested geckos. Intracoelomic pentobarbital was also effective but had a prolonged time to cardiac arrest. Intracardiac lidocaine is not recommended for leopard gecko euthanasia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of exercise at workplace in physical fitness: uncontrolled randomized study

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio José Grande ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Sérgio Alencar Parra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Treat Analysis

Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of workplace exercise for employee health by means of health-related physical activity components. Methods : A randomized uncontrolled study with 20 workers was carried out during three months to evaluate a workplace exercise program. The selected outcomes were flexibility, body mass, fat percentage, lean mass, blood pressure, and heart rate. For statistical analysis, the paired t test and the intent-to-treat analysis were used. Results : There was a significant increase in weight, fat percentage, blood pressure, and heart rate. However the clinical significance was 10% in the size of the effect. Conclusion : The changes verified in the outcomes analyzed were not significant; the variables are within normality ranges proposed by academic organizations

scholarly journals Early Detection of Widespread Progressive Brain Injury after Cardiac Arrest: A Single Case DTI and Post-Mortem Histology Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e92103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Gerdes ◽  
Ernst U. Walther ◽  
Suad Jaganjac ◽  
Maria Makrigeorgi-Butera ◽  
Sven G. Meuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Case report: 2 cases of cardiac arrest caused by rhino-cardiac reflex while disinfecting nasal cavity before endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Hongwei Cai ◽  
Huiping Ding ◽  
Xiaoping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Clinical Anesthesia ◽  
Vagus Reflex

Abstract Background Trigeminal-cardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem vagus reflex that occurs when any center or peripheral branch of the trigeminal nerve was stimulated or operated on. The typical clinical manifestation is sudden bradycardia with or without blood pressure decline. The rhino-cardiac reflex which is one type of TCR is rare in clinical practice. As the rhino-cardiac reflex caused by disinfection of the nasal cavity is very rare, we report these two cases to remind other anesthesiologists to be vigilant to this situation. Case presentation This case report describes two cases of cardiac arrest caused by rhino-cardiac reflex while disinfecting nasal cavity before endoscopic transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas. Their heart rate all dropped suddenly at the very moment of nasal stimulation and recovered quickly after stimulation was stopped and the administration of drugs or cardiac support. Conclusion Although the occurrence of rhino-cardiac reflex is rare, we should pay attention to it in clinical anesthesia. It is necessary to know the risk factors for preventing it. Once it occurs, we should take active and effective rescue measures to avoid serious complications.

Abstract 150: Impact of Epinephrine on ECG Changes During Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Initial Pulseless Electrical Activity

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar W Skjeflo ◽  
Eirik Skogvoll ◽  
Jan Pål Loennechen ◽  
Theresa M Olasveengen ◽  
Lars Wik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Epinephrine Administration ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Presence of electrocardiographic rhythm, documented by the electrocardiogram (ECG), in the absence of palpable pulses defines pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Our aims were to examine the development of ECG characteristics during advanced life support (ALS) from Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest (OHCA) with initial PEA, and to explore the effects of epinephrine on these characteristics. Methods: Patients with OHCA and initial PEA in a randomized controlled trial of ALS with or without intravenous access and medications were included. QRS widths and heart-rates were measured in recorded ECG signals during pauses in compressions. Statistical analysis was carried out by multivariate regression (MANOVA). Results: Defibrillator recordings from 170 episodes of cardiac arrest were analyzed, 4840 combined measurements of QRS complex width and heart rate were made. By the multivariate regression model both whether epinephrine was administered and whether return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was obtained were significantly associated with changes in QRS width and heart rate. For both control and epinephrine groups, ROSC was preceded by decreasing QRS width and increasing rate, but in the epinephrine group an increase in rate without a decrease in QRS width was associated with poor outcome (fig). Conclusion: The QRS complex characteristics are affected by epinephrine administration during ALS, but still yields valuable prognostic information.

scholarly journals Tramadol effects on clinical variables and the mechanical nociceptive threshold in horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Guimarães Franco ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque Moreno ◽  
Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto ◽  
Moisés Caetano e Souza ◽  
Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

This study assessed the clinical effects and the mechanical antinociceptive potential of intravenous (IV) tramadol in horses.A blinded and randomized study was designed with 7 horses treated with 1 (Tr1), 2 (Tr2) or 3 (Tr3) mg kg-1 of tramadol IV. The heart rate, respiratory rate (fR), arterial pressure, degree of sedation, gastrointestinal motility (GI), behavior changes and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were evaluated. The MNT was determined with von Frey device method.Tr3 had a significant increase in their fR and more pronounced behavioral changes than other treatments.The Tr1 showed a significant increase in arterial pressure. The GI reduced significantly, mainly in Tr2. The tramadol did not change the MNT of the horses.The clinical alterations observed with the different treatments were considered mild and transitory, being most evident in Tr2. However the tramadol did not have any analgesic effect with any of the doses evaluated.

scholarly journals Heart Rate After Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest due to Acute Coronary Syndrome Is an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Matsumoto ◽  
Rine Nakanishi ◽  
Ippei Watanabe ◽  
Hiroto Aikawa ◽  
Ryota Noike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

scholarly journals Vybrané charakteristiky výkonu ve sportovní gymnastice a jejich diagnostika

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Jan Chrudimský ◽  
Michal Šteffl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Dynamic Power ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rate Dynamic ◽  
Qualitative Changes

By the content of article we are bringing a view about research study results, which deal with identification achievement in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics and at the same time brings scope of their diagnostics. The characteristic attribute of artistic gymnastics achievement is correct and formally excellent realizations of different gymnastic skills with variety of their difficulty. Qualitative changes of gymnastics achievements are followed by many morphological, structural and their results from functional changes, which is useful longitudinally monitor and evaluate. As the most frequently are possible designate tests of static and dynamic power, anaerobic and aerobic capacity and also a test of heart rate dynamic during gymnastics competitions.

scholarly journals Draft genome of the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius

GigaScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijun Xiong ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Qiye Li ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
Tony Gamble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Eublepharis Macularius ◽  
Leopard Gecko

scholarly journals The Effect of Peritubal Infiltration with Bupivacaine and Morphine on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isra Karaduman ◽  
Derya Karasu ◽  
Canan Yilmaz ◽  
Sedat Oner ◽  
Hilal Erdem Solak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Analgesic Consumption ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perinephric Fat

Objective. We aimed to investigate the effect of peritubal local anesthetic and opioid infiltration on pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Material and Methods. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years and ASA I-III were included in this double-blind, randomized study. The patients were divided into two groups. All patients underwent spinoepidural anesthesia. 20 mL of 0.25 percent bupivacaine + 5 mg morphine (0.5 mL), in Group P (n=66), infiltrated the renal capsule, perinephric fat, muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin under fluoroscopy. In Group C (n=64), none of the patients received a peritubal injection. In the first 24 h pain scores, time of the first analgesic demand, the mean number of analgesic demands, and postoperative complications were compared between groups. Results. The mean VAS score at postoperative 8, 12, and 24 h and dynamic VAS score at postoperative 4, 8, 12, and 24 h were significantly lower in Group P. VAS score at postoperative 4 h was not significant. Time of the first analgesic demand was significantly longer in Group P. Conclusion. Our study results suggest that peritubal infiltration of bupivacaine with morphine after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an effective method for postoperative pain control and reduces analgesic consumption.

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