Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids treatment with coronary mortality. A meta-analysis

Aim. A meta-analysis was undertaken to sum up data on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids treatment and coronary deaths. Methods. Only studies with no less than 500 participants and length of follow-up no less than one year were included. Total number of studies was 13 with 127455 participants. Results. Fixed factor (Peto) model demonstrated significant decrease in cardiac deaths in polyunsaturated fatty acids -treated group. (OR=0,89, 95%CI: 0,83-0,95, р=0,001). Random factor model confidence interval also does not included one (OR=0,88, 95%CI: 0,80-0,97, p=0.008). Subgroup analysis of studies that used therapy with 460 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 380 docosahexaenoic acid per day demonstrated significant reduction in cardiac deaths (OR=0,84, 95%CI: 0,77-0,92) in both fixed factor and random factor models. Conclusion. Correspondingly supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids associated with lower coronary mortality.

Industrially producedtransfat in popular foods in 15 countries of the former Soviet Union from 2015 to 2016: a market basket investigation

ObjectiveTo minimise the intake of industrially producedtransfat (I-TF) and decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, several countries have implemented a legislative restriction on I-TF in foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of I-TF in biscuits/cakes/wafers in 15 countries of the former Soviet Union that all have a high coronary mortality rate compared with countries in Western Europe.MethodsThree large supermarkets in 15 capitals were visited in 2015 or 2016. Prepackaged biscuits/cakes/wafers were bought if the list of ingredients disclosed that the product contained more than 15 g of fat per 100 g of product and if partially hydrogenated fat or a similar term, including margarine, refined fat or confectionery fat, were mentioned. Samples of the foods were subsequently analysed for total fat and TF.ResultsSome 994 products contained more than 2% total fat as I-TF (illegal in Denmark). In Armenia, 91 different products had a mean value (SD) of 21 (11)% fat as I-TF. In Estonia, there were eight products with 14 (10)% fat as I-TF. The other 13 countries had values between those of Armenia and Estonia. In several countries, a major portion of the products was imported from Russia and Ukraine. The mean shelf life (SD) of 673 packages was 218 (75) days. The % TF in the fat of the products produced in Russia and in Ukraine in relation to the date of production both declined by approximately 10% points during the 2-year collection period.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that I-TF is used in popular foods in all 15 countries of the former Soviet Union. Therefore, these findings indicate a possible way for some reduction of the high coronary mortality rate in these countries.

Ethnicity and coronary artery disease

In Western countries, health inequalities related to ethnicity are widely documented, particularly the increased coronary mortality of South Asians (people of Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, and Bangladeshi origin) compared with indigenous white populations. Inequalities affecting black populations are more heterogeneous, with people of African or Caribbean origin in the United Kingdom experiencing relative protection against coronary disease that is not seen in black Americans, although both groups share a predisposition to hypertension and stroke. These health inequalities have been the subject of considerable research that has enhanced our understanding of cardiovascular disease while impacting importantly on its investigation and treatment.

Ethnicity and coronary artery disease

In Western countries, health inequalities related to ethnicity are widely documented, particularly the increased coronary mortality of South Asians (people of Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, and Bangladeshi origin) compared with indigenous white populations. Inequalities affecting black populations are more heterogeneous, with people of African or Caribbean origin in the United Kingdom experiencing relative protection against coronary disease that is not seen in black Americans, although both groups share a predisposition to hypertension and stroke. These health inequalities have been the subject of considerable research that has enhanced our understanding of cardiovascular disease while impacting importantly on its investigation and treatment.