scholarly journals Factoring ethics in management algorithms for municipal information-analytical systems

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamolov Sergei ◽  
Kriebitz Alexander ◽  
Eliseeva Polina ◽  
Aleksandrov Nikita
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Management Algorithms

AbstractThe discourse on the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) has generated a plethora of different conventions, principles and guidelines outlining an ethical perspective on the use and research of AI. However, when it comes to breaking down general implications to specific use cases, existent frameworks have been remaining vague. The following paper aims to fill this gap by examining the ethical implications of the use of information analytical systems through a management approach for filtering the content in social media and preventing information thrusts with negative consequences for human beings and public administration. The ethical dimensions of AI technologies are revealed through deduction of general challenges of digital governance to applied level management technics.

Artificial Intelligence, Social Media and Depression. ‘Patient’ Autonomy Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Regina Mueller ◽  
◽  
Sebastian Laacke ◽  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Sabine Salloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Using Data

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being developed and various applications are already used in medical practice. This development promises improvements in prediction, diagnostics and treatment decisions. As one example, in the field of psychiatry, AI systems can already successfully detect markers of mental disorders such as depression. By using data from social media (e.g. Instagram or Twitter), users who are at risk of mental disorders can be identified. This potential of AI-based depression detectors (AIDD) opens chances, such as quick and inexpensive diagnoses, but also leads to ethical challenges especially regarding users’ autonomy. The focus of the presentation is on autonomy-related ethical implications of AI systems using social media data to identify users with a high risk of suffering from depression. First, technical examples and potential usage scenarios of AIDD are introduced. Second, it is demonstrated that the traditional concept of patient autonomy according to Beauchamp and Childress does not fully account for the ethical implications associated with AIDD. Third, an extended concept of “Health-Related Digital Autonomy” (HRDA) is presented. Conceptual aspects and normative criteria of HRDA are discussed. As a result, HRDA covers the elusive area between social media users and patients. "

scholarly journals A SEGMENT STUDY OF MORAL CRISIS ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE USING THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATION: A WAKE-UP CALL

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Nor ‘Adha Ab Hamid ◽  
Azizah Mat Rashid ◽  
Mohd Farok Mat Nor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The development of science and technology is always ahead and has no point and seems limitless. Although human beings are the agents who started this development but eventually faced with a bitter situation which can sacrifice human moral, right and interest of our future. Shariah criminal offenses nowadays can not only occur or be witnessed by a person in a meeting physically with the perpetrator. As a result of technological developments, such behavior can occur and can be witnessed in general by larger groups. Although the illegal treatment which is not in accordance with sharia law and the moral crisis issues happening surrounding us and is rampant on social media, no enforcement is done on perpetrators who use social media medium. According to sharia principles, something that is wrong should be prevented and it is the responsibility of all Muslim individuals. But what is happening today, some Shariah criminal behavior, especially in relation to ethics, can occur easily using facilities technology driven by technological ingenuity. If the application of existing legal provisions is limited and has obstacles for enforcement purposes, then the problem needs to be overcome due to development the law should be in line with current developments. The study aims to identify a segment and cases of the moral crisis on social media and online using the artificial intelligence (AI) application and to identify the needs for shariah prevention. This thesis uses qualitative approaches, adopts library-based research, and, by content analysis of documents, applies the literature review approach. The findings show that the use of social media and AI technology has had an impact on various issues such as moral crisis, security, misuse, an intrusion of personal data, and the construction of AI beyond human control. Thus, the involvement and cooperation of various parties are needed in regulating and addressing issues that arise as a result of the use of social media and AI technology in human life.

scholarly journals Irresponsible Research and Innovation? Applying Findings from Neuroscience to Analysis of Unsustainable Hype Cycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Responsible Research And Innovation ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Irresponsible Behavior ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Responsible Research

The introduction of technological innovations is often associated with suboptimal decisions and actions during cycles of inflated expectations, disappointment, and unintended negative consequences. For brevity, these can be referred to as hype cycles. Hitherto, studies have reported hype cycles for many different technologies, and studies have proposed different methods for improving the introduction of technological innovations. Yet hype cycles persist, despite suboptimal outcomes being widely reported and despite methods being available to improve outcomes. In this communication paper, findings from exploratory research are reported, which introduce new directions for addressing hype cycles. Through reference to neuroscience studies, it is explained that the behavior of some adults in hype cycles can be analogous to that of irresponsible behavior among adolescents. In particular, there is heightened responsiveness to peer presence and potential rewards. Accordingly, it is argued that methods applied successfully to reduce irresponsible behavior among adolescents are relevant to addressing hype cycles, and to facilitating more responsible research and innovation. The unsustainability of hype cycles is considered in relation to hype about artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, the potential for human-beneficial AI to have the unintended negative consequence of being fatally unbeneficial to everything else in the geosphere other than human beings.

scholarly journals Online public discourse on artificial intelligence and ethics in China: context, content, and implications

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishu Mao ◽  
Kristin Shi-Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Social Media Platforms

AbstractThe societal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked discussions among academics, policymakers and the public around the world. What has gone unnoticed so far are the likewise vibrant discussions in China. We analyzed a large sample of discussions about AI ethics on two Chinese social media platforms. Findings suggest that participants were diverse, and included scholars, IT industry actors, journalists, and members of the general public. They addressed a broad range of concerns associated with the application of AI in various fields. Some even gave recommendations on how to tackle these issues. We argue that these discussions are a valuable source for understanding the future trajectory of AI development in China as well as implications for global dialogue on AI governance.

Proclus' Theory of Evil: An Ethical Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Chlup
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Human Choice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWhile the metaphysical aspects of Proclus' theory of evil have recently been studied by a number of scholars, its ethical implications have largely been neglected. In my paper I am analysing the moral consequences that Proclus' concept of evil has, at the same time using the ethical perspective to throw more light on Proclus' ontology. Most importantly, I argue that the difference between bodily and psychic evil is much more substantial that it might seem from On the Existence of Evils alone. Though both kinds of evil are characterized by their 'parasitical existence' (parhypostasis), evil in bodies is unavoidable, resulting from a wide network of cosmic corporeal interactions that no partial being can ever have control of. Psychic evil, on the other hand, is a product of human choice and is independent of external circumstances, depending wholly on the soul's ability to keep its proper vertical hierarchy. In this regard it is evil in a much more serious sense of the word, being actively caused (though unintentionally) rather than just passively suffered. In the last section of my paper I throw further light on this more dangerous kind of evil, showing it as resulting from an essential bi-dimensionality of human beings.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL VALUE AS AN EFFORT OF ONLINE TRANSACTION LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rizka Rizka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Consumptive Behavior ◽  
Online Shops

The digitalization of the economy sector in the industrial revolution 4.0 needs to be approached with a smart attitude so as to not bring loss to both the consumers and the business holders, by transforming the instrument of consumer rights in an updated and a better way. The development of technology has spoiled human beings in all aspects, including in muamalah. like transaction. The society’s rapid consumptive behavior becomes a business opportunity for the investors to invest their capital in the field of trade, which is also rapidly developing. The increasing demand of consumptive products pushes the popularity of online transaction. There exist hundreds of online shops, either official shops or those undergoing transaction through social media. Anyone can be owners of online shops, and the consumers can be adults, teenagers, and even children. This condition causes some problems, such as the misuse of online transaction for deception, offering products which are not the same as the real items, or worse, not sending the products after the consumer has transferred the money. The results show that in online transactions, there are many dishonest sellers who legalize all methods to practice deception, so there needs to be a connection between online transaction and religion with the hope to minimize the chance of harm for both the consumers and the sellers.

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

Impact of Job Stress and Social Support on Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Kumkum ◽  
R. N. Singh ◽  
Yogershi Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Four Dimensions

There may be so many negative consequences of stress for human beings and dissatisfaction among employees happens to be one of the major problems. It indicates negative feelings that individuals have regarding their jobs or its facets. On the other hand, social support is assumed to be mitigating the relationship between negative aspects of the work environment and job satisfaction. Job stress is said to be associated with job dissatisfaction as well as experience of strain. In view of the above, this study examined the role of job stress and social support in job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 30 school teachers from different school of Varanasi (U.P.). The job stress, job satisfaction and social support scales were administered on the participants. The responses of the participants were converted into scores for statistical analyses. The scores of participants on the scales were correlated. The findings revealed that job stress led to increased job satisfaction. It is against the proposed hypothesis and it appears as if the social support received by the participants is a factor behind it. Two of the four dimensions of social support were found to exert positive impact on job satisfaction but the other two dimensions were not found to be correlated with it. The findings are thoroughly discussed and interpreted.

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