AN OVERVIEW ON YOGA ALONGSIDE ITS BENEFITS IN MENARCHE AND MENOPAUSE

Menarche and Menopause are two important milestones of a women’s life. Menarche is the first menstrual period and menopause is the complete cessation of the menstrual cycle. These milestones are universal and show a mark of the beginning and end of a woman’s reproductive phase. From menarche to menopause, a woman’s body undergoes a lot of physical, physiological, and psychological transformations. This physical and mental health can be restored through noninvasive methods i.e. Yoga. Yoga plays the role of a healer for a new set of physical and mental changes in women. The most common Yoga practices are Asana (postures), Pranayama (breath regulation) and Dhyana (meditation). Therefore, Yoga has been considered as a therapeutic tool to achieve positive health and to cure diseases. The exact mechanism of how yoga helps in various disorders is not known. There may be neuro-hormonal pathways with a selective effect in each pathological situation. The integrated approach of Yoga is effective in managing the healthy menstruation and menopausal symptoms and overall health of women. Keywords: Menstruation, Menopause, Yoga, Pranayama

Serotonin regulates hepcidin expression via a gut-liver axis

Liver hepcidin, is well recognized as the central hormone of systemic iron regulation. Although serotonin is most recognized as a brain neurotransmitter, prodigious quantities are synthesized in gut enterochromaffin cells and several lines of evidence, also identified the gut as an essential sensor and regulator of iron homeostasis. Using a mouse model deficient for peripheral serotonin (Tph1 KO), we identified gut-derived serotonin as a key physiological factor in hepcidin regulation. Serotonin represses hepcidin's through a 5HT2B receptor-dependent pathway, independently of any other known hepcidin regulators, including bone marrow signals. This regulation is conserved in humans and shows physiological significance as a negative correlation between serotonin and hepcidin levels was observed in a cohort of healthy individuals. Moreover, in pathological situation such as acute heart failure, where iron deficiency has a negative prognostic impact, we provide evidence that an increase in serotonin level seems necessary to repress hepcidin level, to increase iron availability.

A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF VYANGA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MELASMA

Ayurveda is the best way to deal with it as it cures the root cause of any problem. According to Ayurveda skin diseases are caused by imbalance of Doshas and therefore treatment depends on imparting harmony and balance for the individual. In Ayurveda skin diseases are included under the heading of Kushta and Kshudrarogas. Vyanga is one among the Kshudra rogas, even though Vyanga is a Kshudraroga it produces a great misery for the person due to dark discoloration of the skin, mostly over the face, occasionally on neck and rarely in forearms. Vyanga is a pathological situation of the facial skin which is produced due to the vitiation of Vata, Pitta, Rakta and Manasika Nidanas such as Krodha (anger), Shoka (sorrow), and Ayasa (mental exertion) are main culprits, these producing cardinal features such as Niruja (painless), Tanu (thin) and Shyavavarna Mandalas (bluish black colour patches). The Lakshanas of Vyanga are explained by different authors in the classical texts of Ayurveda under the heading of Kshudra rogas, Sushruta samhita, Ashtanga samghraha, Madhava nidana, Ashtanga hrudaya, Bhava prakasha, Sharangadhara samhita. In the context of Vyanga both Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa are explained in the form of Raktamokshana, Lepa, Abhyanga, and oral medications. Vyanga is correlated with melasma in the modern aspects, it is a chronic, acquired cutaneous characterised by hypopigmented patches on sun exposed areas of the face. Ayurveda cures the root cause of any problem. Any activity that increases the fire or heat in the body increase Pitta and can lead to skin diseases.

Response to Violence

This chapter analyzes Józef Szerynski's awareness of the pathological situation that had prevailed in the Guard of the Labor Battalion, which formed the backbone of the Jewish Order Service. It highlights the first measures Szerynski undertook that were aimed at enforcing discipline among people who were not used to serving in a police organization. It also reviews the daily orders issued between November 1940 and January 1941 that reveal the disciplinary problems Szerynski had to face during this period. The chapter emphasizes how policemen had to be reminded of the need to maintain a proper appearance and to salute all senior officials, signaling obedience to authority. It discusses members of the Jewish Order Service that are still subject to the German judicial authorities in terms of criminal accountability.

EVALUATING EFFICACY OF CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OR SEROUS EFFUSIONS BY SMEAR CYTOLOGY AND CELLBLOCK TECHNIQUE

Introduction :- Cytological examination of serous effusions is of paramount importance not only for diagnosing cancer, but it may also reveal information regarding various inammatory conditions, parasitic infestations, infection with bacteria, fungi or viruses, and some immunological diseases. Cellblock technique has many advantages over conventional smear cytology in improving the sensitivity of diagnosis. The main advantages of the cellblock technique are preserving tissue architecture and obtaining multiple sections from the same material for special stains and immunohistochemistry. Objectives :- To study the body uids, i.e., pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial, for the absence of local or systemic pathological situation. To evaluate the diagnostic efcacy of a combined approach of conventional smear study and cellblock technique in serous effusions. Methods:- A total of 100 uid samples from referral centers received in the Cytology section, After preparing two conventional smears for PAP and Giemsa stains, the residual sample was subjected to cellblock preparation. Nathan's Alcohol Formalin Substitute was added and xed for an hour. After xation, the specimen was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 15min.The supernatant was decanted, and the sediment completely drained off by XIinverting tube over Whatman lter paper. After discarding the supernatant xative, the pellet formed was removed with a pointed spatula and placed on top of the lens paper inside the tissue cassette, and processed for parafn embedding. Results:- In the total of 100 samples were subjected for cytological evaluation. Pleural uids were 47%, peritoneal uids were 43%, and pericardial uids were 10%. Maximum samples were in age group of 41-50 years. By Conventional smear cytology, benign, suspicious and malignant lesions were 76%, 14.5%, and 9.5%, respectively. By cellblock study, benign and malignant lesions were 75.5% and 24.5%, respectively. Conclusion:- Morphological features were better appreciated by cellblock composition, which risen the sensitivity of cyst diagnosis hence serves as a useful adjunct to conventional smears.

Growth modulation of angular deformities with a novel constant force implant concept-preclinical results

Purpose Varus-valgus deformities in children and adolescents are often corrected by temporary hemi-epiphysiodesis, in which the physis is bridged by an implant to inhibit growth. With standard implant solutions, the acting forces cannot be regulated, rendering the correction difficult to control. Furthermore, the implant load steadily increases with ongoing growth potentially leading to implant-related failures. A novel implant concept was developed applying a controlled constant force to the physis, which carries the potential to avoid these complications. The study aim was to proof the concept in vivo by analyzing the effect of three distinct force levels on the creation of varus deformities. Methods The proposed implant is made of a conventional cerclage wire and features a twisted coil that unwinds with growth resulting in an implant-specific constant force level. The proximal medial tibial physes of 18 lambs were treated with the implant and assigned to three groups distinct by the force level of the implant (200 N, 120 N, 60 N). Results The treatment appeared safe without implant-related failures. Deformity creation was statistically different between the groups and yielded on average 10.6° (200 N), 4.8° (120 N) and 0.4° (60 N) over the treatment period. Modulation rates were 0.51°/mm (200 N), 0.23°/mm (120 N) and 0.05°/mm (60 N) and were constant throughout the treatment. Conclusion By means of the constant force concept, controlled growth modulation appeared feasible in this preclinical experiment. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm whether the results are translatable to the human pathological situation.

The Concept of Pesticide-Free Pest Control in the Crimean Forests

Oak leafroller, gypsy and winter moths contribute to a pathological situation in the Crimean forests exposed to strong recreational activities, which add to the weakening of the forest ecosystems. In this respect we develop a concept of pesticide-free forest protection that presupposes an optimal balance between natural self-regulation opportunities and management, taking into account the long-term effects. The practical steps include preventive and current biological pest control, different in primary, secondary and tertiary niduses of pest outbreaks in the Crimean forests. All pest-control measures should be elaborated as a successive chain of steps joining in a common ecologically and economically sound system. Preventive and current bio-control actions become easy and soft with increase in the forest’s ecosystem complexity and restoration of natural self-regulation.

Hemomicrocirculation of tissues around dental implants: clinical and functional parallels

Relevance. Psychoemotional stress is referred to as a disease of civilizations. When the psychophysiological state of a person is disturbed, all resources are directed to compensating for the pathological situation. With depletion and the development of adaptive capabilities, various disorders of microhemodynamics arise.Materials and methods. In this article, psychoemotional stress is considered as a pathogenic factor in the development of post-prosthetic complications at a dental appointment. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, a comparative analysis of microcirculatory changes in the oral cavity in patients with inflammation of the peri-implant tissue was carried out.Results. Previously, all people had a violation of the psychophysiological state. The control group consisted of healthy people. It is proved that in the comparison group microcirculatory changes occur with the development of arterial hyperemia. In this case, hyperemia was revealed by the ratio of the contribution of pulse and respiratory fluxmotions.Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that it is psychoemotional stress that is the primary factor in the development of the inflammatory response in the oral cavity. What should be taken into account at the orthopedic appointment when drawing up a treatment plan for such patients.

Energy Spectrum CT Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Calcification and Ossification of Adult Intervertebral Disc: A Report of three Cases

BackgroundCalcification of adult intervertebral disc is a rare clinical disease, and its imaging diagnosis directly affects the formulation of the operation plan. In this study, three cases are used to illustrate that the application of energy spectrum CT as the preoperative diagnosis can better reflect the pathological situation and structure of the focus, further helping with preoperative judgment. Case presentationWe report two cases of idiopathic calcification of adult thoracic intervertebral disc. In addition to Routine CT and MRI before the operation, energy spectrum CT was taken to produce analytical diagnosis of the lesions. According to the results, the surgical resection mode was determined. The postoperative confirmation was highly consistent with the image diagnosis. Likewise, a case of posterior margin of vertebral body and ossification of intervertebral disc was selected for the same diagnosis procedure, and the two were compared for differentiation.ConclusionIn the illustration that the texture of the vertebral canal presser being uncertain, the energy spectrum can identify the calcium type of the presser, as well as the atomic number histogram being able to fix the absolute content value and the distribution rule of calcium. Meanwhile, the calcium-water astigmatism map can resolve the calcium deposition mode, with better estimation of the focus presser hardness.