Use of management indicators in the Valle de Aguascalientes industrial park

This research is the result of 3 investigations carried out in three of the main Industrial Parks of the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The industrial parks on which this research is based are the San Francisco de los Romo Park, the Industrial Park of the Aguascalientes Valley, known as PIVA and the Santa Clara Park. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which are the Management Indicators used by the Automotive companies in the Industrial Park of the Aguascalientes Valley. The most important aspects of the companies they incur in implementing the management indicators of the areas of: - Administration. - Human Resources. - Production. - Logistics. - Maintenance

Use of management indicators in the San Francisco de los Romo industrial park

This research is the result of 3 investigations carried out in three of the main Industrial Parks of the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The industrial parks on which this research is based are the San Francisco de los Romo Park, the Industrial Park of the Aguascalientes Valley, known as PIVA and the Santa Clara Park. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which are the Management Indicators used by the Automotive companies in the Industrial Park of San Francisco de los Romo. The most important aspects of the companies they incur in implementing the management indicators of the areas of: - Administration. - Human Resources. - Production. - Logistics. - Maintenance

Ongoing research on the pumping-induced land deformation in the Aguascalientes Valley: an analysis of the recent data of vertical deformation, groundwater level variations and local seismicity

In the Aguascalientes valley, middle Mexico, the demand of groundwater from the local aquifer system was suddenly increased after the late 1970s. Since then, several related problems have been occurring or become critical such as land subsidence, ground fissuring, and low-magnitude earthquakes. The most recent data of vertical deformation from PSInSAR, groundwater levels, and earthquakes, has provided critical information regarding the relationship amongst all these processes. In particular, that related to land subsidence, earth fissuring and seismicity. Regarding this, more satellite imagery and data from GPS stations are being revised as a possibility of a more generalized vertical deformation derived with low-magnitude seismicity. A particular seismic event recorded on 6 April 2019 has revealed critical information on the close association between vertical displacements occurred in active faults and low-magnitude seismic events.

Hydraulic behavior of subsidence-induced surface discontinuities in the hydrogeology of the Aguascalientes valley

The impact of faults and fissures (discontinuities) on the groundwater flow has become important in several parts of the world because the heterogeneous and anisotropic distribution of permeability in fault zones is difficult to characterize. Based on this, we propose an analysis of patterns of parameters measured in groundwater, under the premise that the observed anomalies can be indicators of the hydraulic behavior of the flow in the direction perpendicular to the fault plane. In this context, if the discontinuities are sealed, they behave as hydraulic barriers, causing variation in the continuity of the parameters across the fault plane. Conversely, when faults are a conduit, they appear to have a small or null variation in the distribution of the parameter measurements. The impact of discontinuities in groundwater flow in a zone with a large number of faults and fissures such as that of the Aguascalientes valley is being studied using a graphical-correlation analysis with the revision of 230 wells, through the measurement of parameters such as temperature and static levels across discontinuities, in order to determine the hydraulic behavior of the faults. This investigation considered values over 4 ∘C for geothermal variations and 10 m for hydraulic-head changes to define fault behavior. Results show three zones through mapping analysis, where the fault presents barrier behavior and where the hanging block represents high values; these anomalies are much higher than the average across the valley and indicate the propensity for the fault to restrict horizontal flow. In conclusion, the Oriente fault presents complex behavior of a barrier–conduct system along the fault. This analysis gives a robust way to describe fault behavior without referring to elaborate and invasive hydrological investigations.

Infiltration of surface water through subsidence failure assessment applying electric prospecting, case Aguascalientes Valley, Mexico

Land subsidence is an anthropogenic hazard triggered by different causes, one of them is groundwater overexploitation over aquifer systems composed for granular compressible sedimentary fill. One of the effects of this phenomenon is the generation and reactivation of ground failures, becoming risk points for aquifer pollution through the fast infiltration of contaminated water. A system of failures and fractures has developed in the Aguascalientes valley since 1980's when groundwater overexploitation became intensive. Currently, the entire valley present regional subsidence and several ground failures have developed; many of them crossing surficial water flows and sewage pipes, thus, inducing filtering of domestic wastewater to the subsoil and increasing the environmental hazard for the aquifer system. In this work, we present the results of a study to assess the surficial water infiltrations through a subsidence related ground failure crossing a small stream, which carries domestic wastewater. Additionally, we investigate the acquisition method of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and the electrode placement more suitable to detect the flow of contaminated water through the studied ground failure. To find out the potential leakage, we use electric geophysical methods, applying Schlumberger, Wenner and dipole-dipole arrangements with electrode separations from 2.5 to 10 m in order to explore a depth from 9 to 30 m. The obtained results showed that the Schlumberger configuration appears to be more helpful to detect changes in the stratigraphy toward depth, while dipole-dipole and Wenner are more suitable to detect lateral variations such as the vertical wastewater leakage in the first 6 to 8 m depth. Resulted resistivity models showed that in the first 10 m depth, the contaminant flow follow with a vertical path through the ground failure, then, the it becomes horizontal, flowing through the more permeable soil strata. Therefore, for the studied sites, the filtration of domestic wastewater through ground failure does not represent an immediate hazard to the aquifer system. Nevertheless, ground failures crossing damaged wastewater pipes or contaminated surficial water flows in Aguascalientes Valley, could induce the infiltration of polluted water to the near surface strata, favoring a potential aquifer pollution in a long term.

Application of seismic prospecting to determine the width of influence of surface faults associated to land subsidence – a case of study in the Aguascalientes Valley, México

Aguascalientes valley, located in the central part of México, is affected for a land subsidence process triggered by groundwater withdrawal since the 1980's. Currently, the occurrence and the reactivation of surface faults and earth fissures due to differential subsidence, is the main concern for government bureaus dealing with urban planning, because of the damages that these terrain discontinuities are able to cause in constructions and infrastructure. The deformation and rupture process produces an active linear discontinuity with a variable width of influence, where the constructions and infrastructure are prone to get damage. Therefore, the determination of this width of influence is critical for urban planning and hazard determination. In this work, the results of a geophysical seismic survey carried out in six surface discontinuities located in the subsidence area of the Aguascalientes Valley, are presented and discussed. The study included acquisition of seismic tomography profiles measured perpendicularly to the discontinuities, in order to obtain the P-wave velocity sections. The resulted P-wave velocity models show a low-velocity anomaly within the fracture trace with widths from 50 to 100 m. This anomaly is interpreted as a mechanically disturbed zone due to the activity of the surface fault, this is, due to the presence of fracturing caused to the adjacent material by the differential subsidence. The results suggest that the material in the disturbed zone, is experiencing a increase in secondary porosity, caused by the deformation and rupture process, and the subsequent generation of small fissures and voids. The results of this study have practical implications because the methodology allows defining the influence zone of an active discontinuity, and therefore, to establish a restricted width along the surface discontinuity. The definition of this restraint zone is a first step to produce a subsidence hazard zoning including not only the discontinuity trace but its width of influence.

Estimation of natural groundwater recharge in the Aguascalientes semiarid valley, Mexico

Groundwater recharge (GWR) is analyzed and evaluated within the Aguascalientes Valley by means of a modified linearized Boussinesq equation and the Water Table Fluctuations (WTF) technique. These techniques use the specific yield, water table variations and the subsurface drainage of groundwater. The methodology is applied to the semiarid Aguascalientes valley, which contains a thick vadose zone. The combination of the analytical solution based on the Boussinesq equation and the WTF technique, allows the method to be applied in areas with deep groundwater levels, such as the Aguascalientes valley, without the need for high temporal resolution data. The data for the application of the method were provided by various government agencies and includes information on 145 wells positioned within the valley during the period 1985-2015. The specific yield and the transmissivity were integrated from the results of two previous investigations. Results indicate that the variation of recharge ranges from 0.86 to 525.69 mm/year in the analyzed period, with the highest recharge rates occurring in the north and center parts of the valley and is likely attributed to high specific yield and vertical hydraulic conductivity due to the presence of coarse permeable soils present in the area. Conversely, the lowest recharge rates were found to occur near the north and south borders of the valley.