Abstract Rotations for Uniform Adaptive Control and Soft Modeling of Mechanical Devices

The model-based controllers generally suffer from the lack of precise dynamic models. Making reliable analytical models can be evaded by soft modeling techniques, while the consequences of modeling imprecisions are tackled by either robust or adaptive techniques. In robotics, the prevailing adaptive techniques are based on Lyapunov’s “direct method” that normally uses special error metrics and adaptation rules containing fragments of the Lyapunov function. The soft models and controllers need massive parallelism and suffer from the curse of dimensionality. A different adaptive approach based on Banach’s fixed point theorem and using special abstract rotations was recently suggested. Similar rotations were suggested to develop particular neural network-like soft models, too. Presently, via integrating these approaches, a uniform adaptive controlling and modeling methodology is suggested with especial emphasis on the effects of the measurement noises. Its applicability is investigated via simulations for a two degree of freedom mechanical system in which one of the generalized coordinates is under control, while the other one belongs to a coupled parasite dynamical system. The results are promising for allowing the development of relatively coarse soft models and a simple adaptive rule that can be implemented in embedded systems.

Synchronization in Networks With Heterogeneous Adaptation Rules and Applications to Distance-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity

This work introduces a methodology for studying synchronization in adaptive networks with heterogeneous plasticity (adaptation) rules. As a paradigmatic model, we consider a network of adaptively coupled phase oscillators with distance-dependent adaptations. For this system, we extend the master stability function approach to adaptive networks with heterogeneous adaptation. Our method allows for separating the contributions of network structure, local node dynamics, and heterogeneous adaptation in determining synchronization. Utilizing our proposed methodology, we explain mechanisms leading to synchronization or desynchronization by enhanced long-range connections in nonlocally coupled ring networks and networks with Gaussian distance-dependent coupling weights equipped with a biologically motivated plasticity rule.

Online Testing of Dynamic Reconfigurations w.r.t. Adaptation Policies

Self-adaptation of complex systems is a very active domain of research with numerous application domains. Component systems are designed as sets of components that may reconfigure themselves according to adaptation policies, which describe needs for reconfiguration. In this context, an adaptation policy is designed as a set of rules that indicate, for a given set of configurations, which reconfiguration operations can be triggered, with fuzzy values representing their utility. The adaptation policy has to be faithfully implemented by the system, especially w.r.t. the utility occurring in the rules, which are generally specified for optimizing some extra-functional properties (e.g. minimizing resource consumption). In order to validate adaptive systems’ behaviour, this paper presents a model-based testing approach, which aims to generate large test suites in order to measure the occurrences of reconfigurations and compare them to their utility values specified in the adaptation rules. This process is based on a usage model of the system used to stimulate the system and provoke reconfigurations. As the system may reconfigure dynamically, this online test generator observes the system responses and evolution in order to decide the next appropriate test step to perform. As a result, the relative frequencies of the reconfigurations can be measured in order to determine whether the adaptation policy is faithfully implemented. To illustrate the approach the paper reports on experiments on the case study of platoons of autonomous vehicles.

ADAPTATION STAGES OF BORROWED WORDS IN THE RUSSIAN AND OSSETIAN LANGUAGES

В статье рассмотрены вопросы формальной адаптации в русском и осетинском языках новых заимствованных слов, различных вариантов их графического оформления, морфемно-морфологических признаков, тематических групп, в наибольшей степени отличающихся от принятых в обоих языках правил адаптации. На примерах неологизмов русско- и осетиноязычного медиадискурса показаны этапы приспособления новаций к системе языка-реципиента. В осетинский язык входит множество заимствований, среди которых лексические единицы, относящиеся к совершенно различным тематическим кластерам, в том числе к IT-технологиям, цифровым технологиям, новым дистанционным и электронным образовательным технологиям, робототехнике и т.д. Осетинский язык какие-то из них заимствует в том виде, в котором они попадают в русский, а уже через посредство русского языка такие лексемы входят в осетиноязычное пространство в оригинальном или даптированном виде. Инографическое оформление иноязычных заимствований, вошедших в русский и осетинский языки в последние годы и месяцы, рассматривается не с точки зрения нарушения норм и традиций принимающего языка или посягательств на самостоятельность и этническую идентичность, а как один из этапов адаптации неологизма в языке, начальной стадии вхождения его в другую графическую систему, за которой в дальнейшем лексеме предстоит орфологическая адаптация. Большой языковой материал, использованный в исследовании, позволил авторам прийти к выводу о том, что современный осетинский язык является открытой системой, легко приспосабливающей к своей грамматической норме любые варианты лексем, которые она берет из других языков, совершенно разными способами, а не только инографическим оформлением. В нем много неологизмов, созданных средствами самого осетинского языка, что говорит о жизнеспособности и гибкости его в мире цифровых реалий. The article considers the means of formal adaptation of new loans borrowed into the Russian and Ossetian languages, as well as to various options of their graphic figuration, morphemic and morphological features, thematic groups, most especially distinct from the standard adaptation rules of both languages. The stages of novation adaptation to the system of the language recipient are demonstrated by the examples of neologisms in the Russian speaking and Ossetian speaking media. A lot of loan words enter the Ossetian language, among which are lexical units of various thematic clusters including IT, digital technologies, robotics et-cetera. The Ossetian language receives some of them through the mediation of the Russian language, this kind of lexemes enter the Ossetian speaking space having undergone adaptation or in their original forms. Latinized variants of the loan words borrowed by the Russian and Ossetian languages in recent years and months have been considered neither in terms of a contraversion of norms and traditions of a recepient language nor as an infringement of self-sufficiency or ethnic identity, but in terms of one of the adaptation stages, the initial stage of the infiltration of a loan into another graphic system, after which the lexeme is to be adapted morphologically. A considerable amount of linguistic data used in the research leads the authors to the conclusion, that currently the Ossetian language is an open system, where any variation of lexemes borrowed from other languages are easily adopted to its grammatical form not only by means of using Latin alphabet, but in variety of ways. It has coined a great number of neologisms, which proves the viability and flexibility of the Ossetian language in the contemporary digital world.

Robust Adaptive Synchronization of a Class of Uncertain Chaotic Systems with Unknown Time-Delay

In this paper, a robust adaptive control strategy is proposed to synchronize a class of uncertain chaotic systems with unknown time delays. Using Lyapunov theory and Lipschitz conditions in chaotic systems, the necessary adaptation rules for estimating uncertain parameters and unknown time delays are determined. Based on the proposed adaptation rules, an adaptive controller is recommended for the robust synchronization of the aforementioned uncertain systems that prove the robust stability of the proposed control mechanism utilizing the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, to evaluate the proposed robust and adaptive control mechanism, the synchronization of two Jerk chaotic systems with finite non-linear uncertainty and external disturbances as well as unknown fixed and variable time delays are simulated. The simulation results confirm the ability of the proposed control mechanism in robust synchronization of the uncertain chaotic systems as well as to estimate uncertain and unknown parameters.

The Role of Self-Worth in Children in their Adaptation to Kindergarten Conditions

The issue of psychological problems in children who enter kindergarten is growing more urgent. If you visit the kindergarten in summer during the period of newcomers’ adaptation, you will usually see the following scene: the parent consigns their child to the kindergarten, but the child is struggling to get used to the new conditions: he/she cries for hours, doesn't want to listen and follow the teacher, detaches from other kids, constantly asks the teacher to bring the mother back etc. Even if parents strictly follow the adaptation rules, for example, leaving the child with the teacher only for half-an-hour to hour, or staying with the child during the outdoor activities, or consigning the child to the care of an experienced teacher etc., it all may bring no result. In this article, we will try to discover the cause of all mentioned problems using the research of popular psychology and pedagogy scientists.

Using AI Techniques in a Serious Game for Socio-Moral Reasoning Development

We present a serious game designed to help players/learners develop socio-moral reasoning (SMR) maturity. It is based on an existing computerized task that was converted into a game to improve the motivation of learners. The learner model is computed using a hybrid deep learning architecture, and adaptation rules are provided by both human experts and machine learning techniques. We conducted some experiments with two versions of the game (the initial version and the adaptive version with AI-Based learner modeling). The results show that the adaptive version provides significant better results in terms of learning gain.

Integrated model-driven development of self-adaptive user interfaces

Modern user interfaces (UIs) are increasingly expected to be plastic, in the sense that they retain a constant level of usability, even when subjected to context changes at runtime. Self-adaptive user interfaces (SAUIs) have been promoted as a solution for context variability due to their ability to automatically adapt to the context-of-use at runtime. The development of SAUIs is a challenging and complex task as additional aspects like context management and UI adaptation have to be covered. In classical model-driven UI development approaches, these aspects are not fully integrated and hence introduce additional complexity as they represent crosscutting concerns. In this paper, we present an integrated model-driven development approach where a classical model-driven development of UIs is coupled with a model-driven development of context-of-use and UI adaptation rules. We base our approach on the core UI modeling language IFML and introduce new modeling languages for context-of-use (ContextML) and UI adaptation rules (AdaptML). The generated UI code, based on the IFML model, is coupled with the context and adaptation services, generated from the ContextML and AdaptML model, respectively. The integration of the generated artifacts, namely UI code, context, and adaptation services in an overall rule-based execution environment, enables runtime UI adaptation. The benefit of our approach is demonstrated by two case studies, showing the development of SAUIs for different application scenarios and a usability study which has been conducted to analyze end-user satisfaction of SAUIs.

Fuzzy4U : un moteur d’adaptation en logique floue pour l’accessibilité des interfaces utilisateurs

International audience With the massive spread of Internet use, the accessibility of user interfaces (UI) is an ever more pressing need. Much work has been developed on this subject in order to define generic or situational accessibility recommendations and to propose tools for user interface adaptation. However, difficulties remain, particularly related to the complexity of possible contexts of use, such as the multiplicity of characteristics of the context of use, the imprecision of the values assigned to these characteristics and the combination of multiple adaptation rules. This article shows how a dynamic adaptation engine based on fuzzy logic can be used to implement accessibility recommendations. We show how this approach makes it possible to overcome these difficulties through fuzzy logic with the capacity to manage combinatorial rules, making it possible to take into account potentially complex contexts of use. This approach is illustrated with a concrete example. Avec la diffusion massive de l'utilisation d'Internet, l'accessibilité des interfaces est un besoin toujours plus prégnant. De nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur ce sujet afin de définir des recommandations d'accessibilité génériques ou situationnelles, et proposer des outils d'adaptation des interfaces utilisateurs. Cependant, des difficultés, notamment liées à la complexité des contextes d'usage possibles, demeurent tels que la multiplicité des caractéristiques du contexte d'usage, l'imprécision des valeurs attribuées à ces caractéristiques et la combinaison de multiples règles d'adaptation. Cet article montre comment un moteur d'adaptation dynamique basé sur la logique floue peut être utilisé pour implémenter les préconisations en accessibilité. Il montre comment cette approche permet de dépasser ces verrous grâce à la logique floue et sa gestion de la combinatoire des règles, permettant de prendre en compte un contexte d'usage potentiellement complexe que nous illustrons avec un exemple concret.