scholarly journals AGROCLIMATIC RESOURCES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-565
Author(s):  
A.V. Shumikhina ◽  
V.S. Maratkanova
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Steady Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Agroclimatic Resources ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

For assessment of the dynamics of most prominent agroclimatic resources, the dates of the steady temperature transitions through 0, 5, 10, 15 °С and the sums of effective temperatures on the Izhevsk meteorological station over the period 1933-2018 were calculated. The values of the Ped index were determined for the whole territory of the Udmurt Republic according to data of 8 meteorological stations over the period 1961-2018. The dynamics of these parameters was analyzed. It was found out that the duration of the vegetation period increases, and the sum of active temperatures increases, reaching the maximum values in the last decade. At the same time, during the active warming phase, there is a tendency towards the increase of aridity of the vegetation period.

scholarly journals The Summer Climate in the Accumulation Area of the Salmon Glacier

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (23) ◽  
pp. 194-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Adkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Snow Surface ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Heat Balance

AbstractDuring the summer of 1957 a party visited the Salmon Glacier in British Columbia. A meteorological station was established in the accumulation area at an altitude of 1700 m. From 12 June to 16 August pressure, temperature and humidity were recorded continuously and the daily totals of precipitation, ablation and percolation were obtained. Periodic measurements of snow density were made; on the first occasion to a depth of 4.7 m. and later near the surface only. Occasional observations of snow temperatures to a depth of 12 m. were also made. Towards the end of the season the heat balance of the snow surface was examined in detail. The various contributions to the melting are evaluated for several short periods and their relative magnitudes compared.

Results of research into affinity of promising table grape hybrid forms

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
I.A. Kovalova ◽  
L.V. Gerus ◽  
M.G. Fedorenko
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

Aim. To study affinity of 12 rootstock-scion combinations of new promising table grape hybrid forms with common and new Ukrainian rootstock varieties. Results and Discussion. The study results demonstrated differences between rootstock-scion combinations in the number of check seedlings after stratification and differences in survival rates of seedlings after their planting. Analysis of phenological data showed significant differences in “the vegetation period length” and “the sum of active temperatures” for all hybrid forms grafted onto Dobrynia variety. Analysis of data on promising hybrid forms in rootstock-scion combinations allowed us to confirm significant effects of rootstocks on scion varieties, which cover both bio-physiological and economic characteristics of a grafted organism. Conclusions. Estimated amounts of check grafted seedlings after stratification in all 12 variants of rootstock-scion combinations were quite high (57-92%). Survival rates of seedlings after their planting ranged from 57% to 100%. For traditional wine-growing regions, it is recommended to graft Tairian and Persei hybrid forms onto Dobrynia and Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstocks. Fontan hybrid form should be grafted onto Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 (reference cultivar) and Dobrynia varieties. For experimental, non-traditional regions of viticulture, it should be taken into account that vegetation period of seedlings grafted onto Dobrynia variety tends to increase by three days for Persei and Fontan hybrid forms (2%). The vegetation period of Tairian – Dobrynia rootstock-scion combination exceeded reference combination rates by seven days (5.7%). Studies of the influence of stress factors on traits of interest will be continued.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE CARTOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING DIFFERENCES IN THE APPLIED CLIMATE INDICES SAT AND SET

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
E.N. Popova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Yasjukevich ◽  
I.O. Popov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

For the territory of Russia and neighboring countries, the maps with isolines limiting geographical areas where the climate indices the sum of active temperatures (SAT) and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) exceed or do not reach the indicated values from 500°С to 3500°С in increments of 500° С at a low threshold of 10°С were constructed for the period 1981-2010. Using these maps, the differences in the areas of the territories bounded by the same isolines of SAT and SET were found. The importance of the correct use of the SAT and SET indices for determining the boundaries of the ranges of various poikilothermic organisms, including many dangerous introduced and invasive species, have been shown, the need for a clear understanding of their differences to build predictive models have been substantiated.

scholarly journals Global warming and change in the conditions of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-834
Author(s):  
A. M. Lentochkin ◽  
T. A. Babaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Production Practices

The aim of the research is to establish a possible change in the temperature regime of recent years (2016-2020) as compared to the long-term average annual values of the Izhevsk weather station and the assessment of the effect of this change on the specific features of crop production practices in the Middle Cis-Urals. Statistical method, comparison and analysis were used during the research. It has been established, that in the Middle Cis-Urals for the recent five years the warming has been recorded: the sum of temperatures higher than +10 оС has increased by 70 оС on the average and reached 2138 оС that provides growing the varieties of early-ripening and mid-season spring cereals. Every vegetation period is characterized by its own specific features, positive and negative deviations from the long-term average annual values both over the whole period and during some of its intervals. The rise in the sum of temperatures resulted in the 4 days earlier transition of the average daily temperature in spring over +5 оС , in autumn it led to 2 days later transition, that made the vegetation period by 6 days longer. It provides an earlier vegetative renewal in spring and a later stop in vegetation of winter crops as well as the possibility of an earlier start of field work with spring crops in spring. The calculations have proved that between the grain yield of spring wheat varieties and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) indicator there are different kinds of correlative relationships – neutral, average and strong positive ones. However, between the average yield of spring wheat grain on the farms of all categories in the Udmurt Republic and HTC, a strong positive correlative relationship (r = +0.73) has been established.

New perspective pear (Pirus communis L.) cultivars bred at the Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Khodakivska ◽  
◽  
M.V. Matviienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Venturia Pirina ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Productivity Potential

The authors present the results of researching pear new elite forms and cultivars bred at the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, namely: Vezha Muskatna, Dekanka Muskatna, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and hybrid 17-103 with the hight productivity potential – the yield of five year trees on the rootstock IS 4-12 was 40 kg/tree (45 t/ha) under the planting plan 5x2 m. The beginning of the fruit-bearing was early – in the third-fourth years after planting on the mentioned rootstock. The investigated cvs and forms are s.cab (Venturia pirina) resistant, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and Dekanka Muskatna high bacteriosis (Pseudomonas syrnigae) tolerant. The fruits are substantially attractive and characterized with high marketable (Kytaisky Likhtaryk, Dekanka Muskatna), taste qualities (Vezha Muskatna, 17-103) and the refrigerator under the temperature 2 0C. The explored forms and varieties are favourable for the creation of intense trellisless energy-saving ecological orchards with the dwarfing intercalary Pirognom as well as in the breeding work as the sources of concrete signs valuable for economy, namely: early-riping, high yield, resistance to fungous diseases and bacterioses, high taste and marketable qualities, pulp ocliness. The researches have also showed that the high marketable and taste qualities of the created cultivars under moderate sums of the effective temperatures (2500-2700 0C) during the vegetation period make it possible to promote to the Northern regions of Ukraine the cultivation of this valuable crop in industrial and amateur orchards.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE FEATURES OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
L.А. Kosykh ◽  
◽  
А. V. Kazarina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The research was carried out in the fields of Povolzhsky research Institute of selection and seed farming named after P. N. Konstantinov in the laboratory of introduction, selection of feed and oilplants in 2016-2019. The soil of the experimental field is typical low-humic medium-sized light clay chernozem. The object of research was a variety of oilseed flax Kinelsky 2000, approved for use in the Middle Volga region. Agro-climatic conditions in the years of research during the growing season differed both in the amount of rainfalls from 74.3 mm in 2019 to 187.0 mm in 2017, and in the temperature conditions from 1776.50 C in 2017 to 2074.00 C in 2018, which allowed to determine objectively the productivity of oilseed flax. The article shows the results of studying the influence of meteorological conditions on the length of vegetation season, yield, oil content in seeds, oil collection per hectare, plant height, the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds in a capsule and the weight of 1000 seeds. The correlation of the sum of active temperatures, rainfalls and hydrothermal factor (HTF) for the vegetation period with the main economically valuable characteristics of oilseed flax is established. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that the yield of oilseeds, plant height, number of seeds in the capsule and oil collection per hectare were significantly affected by the amount of rainfalls during the vegetation period and the HTF. The sum of active temperatures affected the length of the vegetation period and the number of capsules on the plant.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE-BASED PRODUCTIVITY OF SUMMER WHEAT IN THE MAIN REGIONS OF ITS CULTIVATION IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
V.N. Pavlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
European Part ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agroclimatic Resources

Agroclimatic resources in the main agricultural regions of Russia are changing at a substantial pace. The authors analyze the impact of these changes on the productivity of spring wheat with the technological trend excluded. This climate-based productivity was calculated via the Climate-Soil-Yield (CSY) simulation system with use of meteorological data from 315 observation points in the Roshydromet network for the period from 1976 to 2015. Provided evidence indicates the adequacy of this productivity modeling in the CSY system over a vast territory of the agricultural zone of Russia. Estimates of trends in agroclimatic indicators and climate-based productivity in the main grain-producing regions over the past four decades have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the average increase in air temperature during the vegetation period of spring wheat in 2006-2015 compared to 1976-1985 was from 1.6 to 2.3 °C in the North-Western regions of the European part (EP) of Russia and from 1.0 to 1.3 °C in the central and southern regions. The deficit of available water resources was especially pronounced in the main areas of spring wheat cultivation in the southern and South-Eastern regions of the EP of Russia. Analysis of trends in climate-based productivity of spring wheat by decades indicates different productivity responses to changes in agroclimatic resources in northern and southern regions of its growth. Over the period from 2006 to 2015, relative to 1961-1990, climate-based productivity decreased by 25-30 % in southern and south-eastern parts of European part of Russia and by 10 % in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. In the Urals and Western Siberia, the decrease of climate-based productivity is minor and ranges from 3 to 5 %. In Russia as a whole, trends towards warming caused a drop in the climate-based productivity of spring wheat by approximately 12 % from 1976 to 2015, i. e. the rate of its decline amounted to ~3 % per decade.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF CLIMATE INDICES "SUM OF ACTIVE TEMPERATURES" AND "SUM OF EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES" FOR MODELING INSECT AREAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Yasjukevich ◽  
◽  
I.O. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Indices ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The definition of the applied climate indices "sum of active temperatures " (SAT) and "sum of effective temperatures " (set), the analysis of applicability and errors in the interpretation of the application is given.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENTS AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECEPTIONS GROWING ALFALFA SOWING

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Nataliia Telekalo ◽  
Maryna Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The publication highlights the results of studies examining the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment, the timing and combination of the introduction of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in crops on the passage of phases of growth and development of alfalfa sowing. The properties of plants in agrophytocenoses are determined by their genetic characteristics and environmental factors that affect the body. The biological peculiarities of alfalfa sowing, the basic regularities of its growth and development, namely the passage of the vegetation phases, the evaluation of the crop, which made it possible to develop methods of cultivation technology, taking into account the biology of plants to change climatic conditions. The processes of growth, development of alfalfa of the Sinyukh cultivar, depending on the seed treatment with the growth stimulants of Lucis and Saprohum and foliar fertilizers during the vegetation period of plants, were investigated. The peculiarities of the phases of growth and development of alfalfa plants in the sowing year in comparison with the growth and development of the second and subsequent years of vegetation are determined. The influence of ecological conditions of the environment - the temperature of vegetation renewal, the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures, on the growth and development of alfalfa of the second and subsequent years of vegetation has been established. It was established that the earliest attainment of seeds was characterized by the variant of sowing with a stimulator of Lucyse growth in the branching and budding phase + fertilizing the sowing in the budding phase with microfertilizers Harvesting beans – on the 155th day of vegetation with the accumulation of the sum of active temperatures of 1945 ºС. The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of alfalfa cultivar Sinyukh in all phases of growth and development and dynamics of accumulation of active temperatures during the growing season were evaluated. As a result of the research, new technological regulations for the use of bio-organic preparations and components in the technological scheme of growing alfalfa sowing have been developed. The research results are aimed at solving actual problems of technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex on the basis of development of bioorganic models of varietal technology of cultivation of alfalfa sowing with orientation at the level of adequate arable productivity and climate fertility. Key words: alfalfa sowing, growth and development phases, Saprogum, сrop, legumes, environmental conditions.

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