Effects of Transition Metal Ions on the Colour of Blue-Green Beryl

This study reports the effects of transition metal ions on the colour of blue-green beryl. Industrial cameras were used to measure colour in the CIELAB colour space. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy were used for characterization. The d–d transition of Fe3+ with sixfold coordination, the O2−→Fe3+ charge transfer, and the charge transition of binuclear metal M–M complexes formed by [Fe2(OH)4]2+ in the channel caused a yellow tone, whereas the charge transfer of Fe2+/Fe3+ with sixfold coordination caused a blue-green tone. The chroma of blue-green beryl was negatively correlated with the ratio of Cs+Mn to Fe contents. The lightness of blue-green beryl was negatively correlated with the total content of transition metal ions.

Using Convolution Neural Network for Defective Image Classification of Industrial Components

Computer vision provides effective solutions in many imaging relation problems, including automatic image segmentation and classification. Artificially trained models can be employed to tag images and identify objects spontaneously. In large-scale manufacturing, industrial cameras are utilized to take constant images of components for several reasons. Due to the limitations caused by motion, lens distortion, and noise, some defective images are captured, which are to be identified and separated. One common way to address this problem is by looking into these images manually. However, this solution is not only very time-consuming but is also inaccurate. The paper proposes a deep learning-based artificially intelligent system that can quickly train and identify faulty images. For this purpose, a pretrained convolution neural network based on the PyTorch framework is employed to extract discriminating features from the dataset, which is then used for the classification task. In order to eliminate the chances of overfitting, the proposed model also employed Dropout technology to adjust the network. The experimental study reveals that the system can precisely classify the normal and defective images with an accuracy of over 91%.

Partial Color Photo Processing Method for Components Based on Image Enhancement Technology

Computer vision is currently playing an increasingly important role in automatically identifying the character of the image processing technology as research hotbed in the field of smart computing, OCR, face recognition, fingerprinting, biometric recognition, and so forth. Content-based image recovery, video recovery, multimedia collection, watermarking, games, film stunts, virtual reality, e-commerce, and other apps are available all round. The color pictures of parts taken by industrial cameras depend on computer performance and the intricate environment, and in particular, on the whole resolution image display, a lot of CPU resources are needed. Some details cannot be shown completely at the same time. If the image is not sufficiently clearly visible, methods for image processing like improvement, noise reduction, and interpolation must be used to improve color photo clarity. This article, based on the OpenCV platform, uses frequency domain filters, median filters, Fourier transform, and other image improvement technologies to remove image noise in order to enhance the quality of local photos from industrial cameras’ components. Finally, clear and available image information is obtained in different experimental methods, which check the application of image enhancement technology to image rebuilding. Finally, the performance of the proposed method in terms of CPBD value, definition Q value, and operation time is compared, which shows that the proposed method has obvious advantages in the above performance.

A New Method for Automatic Detection of Defects in Selective Laser Melting Based on Machine Vision

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a forming technology in the field of metal additive manufacturing. In order to improve the quality of formed parts, it is necessary to monitor the selective laser melting forming process. At present, most of the research on the monitoring of the selective laser melting forming process focuses on the monitoring of the melting pool, but the quality of forming parts cannot be controlled in real-time. As an indispensable link in the SLM forming process, the quality of powder spreading directly affects the quality of the formed parts. Therefore, this paper proposes a detection method for SLM powder spreading defects, mainly using industrial cameras to collect SLM powder spreading surfaces, designing corresponding image processing algorithms to extract three common powder spreading defects, and establishing appropriate classifiers to distinguish different types of powder spreading defects. It is determined that the multilayer perceptron (MLP) is the most accurate classifier. This detection method has high recognition rate and fast detection speed, which cannot only meet the SLM forming efficiency, but also improve the quality of the formed parts through feedback control.

Application of internet of things information security in the informationization of sports training and education

In recent years, the information technology of the Internet of Things has been developed by leaps and bounds, and the development of hardware technology has promoted the development of software technology. New concepts, new applications and new products emerge endlessly. Computer vision technology has made great progress, and industrial cameras are developing rapidly and are widely used in real life. The realization of high-definition capture and imaging functions of industrial cameras creates conditions for obtaining scientific data. This article aims to study the application of information security of the Internet of Things in the informationization of sports training and education. Correctly and objectively evaluate and understand the information security level of the Internet of Things. The guidance of computerization of sports training and education is based on the continuous and effective comparison of the implementation effect of computerization and the development strategy, and then the improvement of computerization work. Formulate the correct information strategy and provide assistance in specific implementation. On the basis of benefit, pragmatism and overall planning, formulate the correct information strategy and provide assistance in specific implementation. On the basis of benefit pragmatism and overall planning. Through experiments to master the Internet information security mechanism and use experimental questionnaire surveys and other methods to explore the application of Internet of Things information security in the informationization of sports training education, modern education must make full use of information technology, introduce physical education classroom teaching, and realize modern teaching. The experimental results of this article show that the application effect of Internet of Things information security information technology in physical education has been significantly improved. 60% of students have created better conditions for the current informationization of physical training and education, so that students can not only learn theoretical knowledge, but also deepen the understanding of sports in information teaching.

Subset-based stereo calibration method optimizing triangulation accuracy

Calibration of vision systems is essential for performing measurement in real world coordinates. For stereo vision, one performs stereo calibration, the results of which are used for 3D reconstruction of points imaged in the two cameras. A common and flexible technique for such calibration is based on collection and processing pairs of images of a planar chessboard calibration pattern. The inherent weakness of this approach lies in its reliance on the random nature of data collection, which might lead to better or worse calibration results, depending on the collected set of image pairs. In this paper, a subset-based approach to camera and stereo calibration, along with its implementation based on OpenCV, is presented. It utilizes a series of calibration runs based on randomly chosen subsets from the global set of image pairs, with subsequent evaluation of metrics based on triangulating the features in each image pair. The proposed method is evaluated on a collected set of chessboard image pairs obtained with two identical industrial cameras. To highlight the capabilities of the method to select the best-performing calibration parameters, a principal component analysis and clustering of the transformed data was performed, based on the set of metric measurements per each calibration run.

Calibration of Industrial Cameras for Aerial Photogrammetric Mapping

This paper details the development of a camera calibration method purpose-built for use in photogrammetric survey production. The calibration test field was established in a hangar, where marker coordinates were measured using a high-precision survey methodology guaranteeing very high accuracy. An analytical model for bundle adjustment was developed that does not directly use the coordinates of field calibration markers but integrates bundle adjustment and survey observations into a single process. This solution, as well as a classical calibration method, were implemented in a custom software, for which the C++ source code repository is provided. The method was tested using three industrial cameras. The comparison was drawn towards a baseline method, OpenCV implementation. The results point to the advantages of using the proposed approach utilizing extended bundle adjustment.

A novel 4 camera multi-stereo tracking system for application in surgical navigation systems

In this paper, we present a novel 4 camera stereo system for application as optical tracking component in navigation systems in computer-assisted surgery. This shall replace a common stereo camera system in several applications. The objective is to provide a tracking component consisting of four single industrial cameras. The system can be built up flexibly in the operating room e. g. at the operating room lamp. The concept is characterized by independent, arbitrary camera mounting poses and demands easy on-site calibration procedures of the camera setup. Following a short introduction describing the environment, motivation and advantages of the new camera system, a simulation of the camera setup and arrangement is depicted in Section 2. From this, we gather important information and parameters for the hardware setup, which is described in Section 3. Section 4 includes the calibration of the cameras. Here, we illustrate the background of camera model and applied calibration procedures, a comparison of calibration results obtained with different calibration programs and a new concept for fast and easy extrinsic calibration.