Public administration: digitalization of strategic planning tasks

The article was prepared within the framework of the RFBR scientific project «Interdisciplinary study of the processes of digitalization, computerization and measurement of the role of science in the development and implementation of political decisions» (RFBR grant No. 20-010-00179). The main part of this article is related to conceptual and software developments on automating the process of managing the textual and semantic content of strategies. At this stage, scientific work is aimed at developing software modeling and automation of the control process. It includes a number of functions focused on digitalization and programming of the interdisciplinary and multifunctional task of developing, implementing and monitoring various types of strategies of the Russian Federation. When developing software modeling, the authors adopt a basic block diagram in the form of an industry strategy, the content structure of which can be transformed depending on the type of strategy (socio-economic, scientific and technological, etc.). The system management model for automating the preparation of textual strategy proposals includes the participation of specialized experts and well- known scientists who digitally evaluate strategy texts, including also an analytical mechanism for digitalizing the selection of the final text and its editing by the relevant ministries responsible for strategy development.

Introduction

The relevance of Intellectual Property (IP) Law in our society has increased dramatically over the last several years. Globalization, digitization, and the rise of post-industrial information-based industries have all contributed to a new prominence of IP Law as one of the most important factors in driving innovation and economic development. At the same time, the significant expansion of IP rules has impacted many areas of public policy such as public health, the environment, biodiversity, agriculture, and information, in an unprecedented manner. No longer relegated to a cohort of few specialized experts, IP Law is now at the front and centre of public policy, and IP-related news are regularly featured in mainstream media. IP-related issues have long entered the popular discourse and are omnipresent in every sector of the economy and our lives....

Multi-expert learning of adaptive legged locomotion

Achieving versatile robot locomotion requires motor skills that can adapt to previously unseen situations. We propose a multi-expert learning architecture (MELA) that learns to generate adaptive skills from a group of representative expert skills. During training, MELA is first initialized by a distinct set of pretrained experts, each in a separate deep neural network (DNN). Then, by learning the combination of these DNNs using a gating neural network (GNN), MELA can acquire more specialized experts and transitional skills across various locomotion modes. During runtime, MELA constantly blends multiple DNNs and dynamically synthesizes a new DNN to produce adaptive behaviors in response to changing situations. This approach leverages the advantages of trained expert skills and the fast online synthesis of adaptive policies to generate responsive motor skills during the changing tasks. Using one unified MELA framework, we demonstrated successful multiskill locomotion on a real quadruped robot that performed coherent trotting, steering, and fall recovery autonomously and showed the merit of multi-expert learning generating behaviors that can adapt to unseen scenarios.

Methods of Media Treatment of Political Issues in Investigative Television Programs- Program (What is hidden from Al Jazeera) as a model: أساليب المعالجة الإعلامية للقضايا السياسية في البرامج التلفزيونية الاستقصائية برنامج (ما خفي أعظم من قناة الجزيرة) أنموذجاً

This research aims to know the methods of media treatment of political issues in investigative television programs, based on the survey method, and the method of analyzing the content of a sample of the episodes of the investigative television program (what is hidden) on the screen of Al- Jazeera. The results revealed that the category of specialized experts ranked first Among the sources that rely on these programs (41.9%), the category of documents and official books came in second place (18%), and the category of eyewitness came from people who give information about the events that witnessed the third place (14.5%). The results of the analysis also showed that the highest percentage of meanings and ideas included in the program's episodes (what is hidden is greater), meanings that involve the values ​​of violence (47.4%), while the meanings of international terrorism (25%), and the meanings of the conflict ranked Third (11.5%). The results of the research showed a clear bias to one party at the expense of the other during the presentation of political issues, and in the light of the findings of the research the researcher has made a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Increasing the effectiveness of investigative television programs, by increasing the time allocated to them. Supporting the staff working in these programs financially and morally, as well as allowing them to participate in training courses organized by Arab and international networks specialized in investigative journalism. Always ensure that the content of these programs is far from bias and imbalance, whether in the presentation of information or in the selection of personalities and sources, and that they have the following features: Presentation of divergent views (opinion and other opinion) within the framework of objectivity and address issues from different angles.

Teleradiology pros and cons: Editorial

All the advances in telemedicine technologies today, especially in teleradiology, improved the global health care for patients worldwide. Teleradiology gave many positive things for health care in general and it has its own limitations or disadvantages as well. This editorial will cover all the advantages and disadvantages of teleradiology. To summarize the advantages of teleradiology are; it helps to offer radiology services for rural areas, solve radiologists shortage, a second opinion from an expert to a local Radiologist, provides readings of a specialized radiologist in a certain field (pediatrics radiology, neuroradiology, cardiovascular imaging, etc.), solve delay of scans interpretation, decrease workload on other Radiologists, fast service, cut the cost, improve recruiting of medical professionals, give an educational chance to expand their experience in different regions, service available all the time, improving patient care, and prevent the need for patients to travel to find medical services or specialized experts.

Systems of Bounded Rational Agents with Information-Theoretic Constraints

Specialization and hierarchical organization are important features of efficient collaboration in economical, artificial, and biological systems. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that both features can be explained by the fact that each entity of such a system is limited in a certain way. We propose an information-theoretic approach based on a free energy principle in order to computationally analyze systems of bounded rational agents that deal with such limitations optimally. We find that specialization allows a focus on fewer tasks, thus leading to a more efficient execution, but in turn, it requires coordination in hierarchical structures of specialized experts and coordinating units. Our results suggest that hierarchical architectures of specialized units at lower levels that are coordinated by units at higher levels are optimal, given that each unit's information-processing capability is limited and conforms to constraints on complexity costs.

From the Earth to the Moon, via Berlin

This chapter follows Ley during his early twenties, when he became an intermediary between specialized experts and the general public. Ley constructed his persona as a freelance writer and journalist, who could translate complex concepts for a broader audience in Weimar Germany. This chapter explores Ley’s entrance into rocketry clubs, amateur science, and circles of journalists during Weimar’s rocketry fad. It concludes with an analysis of his role in the ground breaking science fiction film, Woman in the Moon (1929).

Verbal Concept Maps

Conceptual maps have become so advanced, and specific to narrow fields that today only specialized experts such as mathematicians and computer scientists are able to understand them. The esoteric logical and mathematical diagrams such as Euler's and Venn's specialized maps were nearly invisible because they were never very visible in the first place. Concurrently, general verbal and logical conceptual diagrams became nearly invisible because they were internalized as structures as verbal maps as figure receded into the ground as the accepted paradigm of logical thinking and exegesis among the educated. This chapter covers the retrieval of Verbal Concept mapping traceable to the works of Peter Ramus, focusing on the works of Albert Upton, David Ausubel, and J.D. Novak.

Medical Negligence : An Overview

Medical professionals are treated as next to God. They provide humanitarian services and gives solace to individuals suffering from various diseases and disorders. Due to their great service to humanity, the doctors and medical professionals are treated with reverence and since the ancient times the medical profession has been considered as a noble profession. However with the passage of time, there has been a change in the doctor - patient relationship. During the last few decades a number of incidents have come to light in which the patients have suffered due to the error and inadvertent conduct of doctors. Due to the increasing conflicts and legal disputes between the doctors and patients, most of the legal systems have developed various rules and principles to deal with such inadvertent behavior of doctors. This has led to the development of a new branch of jurisprudence, i.e. medical negligence. Hence, any negligence on part of the medical professional would be treated as either a tort of negligence or a deficiency in service under Consumer Protection Act, 1986. As the profession involves the idea of an occupation requiring purely intellectual skills or of manual skills controlled by the intellectual skill of the operator, it is distinctively different from an occupation, which is substantially production or sale or arrangement for the production or sale of commodities. Medicine is a highly complex domain. It is difficult for consumer laws to review medical negligence cases with flawless technical clarity and accuracy. Thus medical negligence is not purely a matter of consideration for judiciary but also the technical inputs of specialized experts in the field have substantial weightage while deciding the case of medical negligence against doctors. The present paper is devoted to introvert inspection of negligence in medical profession in the light of existing laws with more emphasis on the interpretation of consumer protection law by judiciary.

Management of treatment resistant depression: A comparison between French expert consensus guidelines and international evidence based guidelines

Expert consensus guidelines rely on a relevant methodological procedure complementary to based-evidence recommendations. They aim at offering support strategies derived from expert consensus for clinical situations where the levels of evidence are either absent or insufficient. Recommendations for resistant depressive disorders proposed by french association for biological psychiatry and fondamental foundation, were based on responses from 36 highly specialized experts in this field. They were invited to complete a comprehensive questionnaire with 118 issues. The questions raised covered a wide range of aspects from the evaluation of therapeutic resistance and clinical conditions increasing the risk for treatment failure to the adopted therapeutic strategies organized according the effects of previous treatment lines. Specific populations/situations especially including elderly, comorbidities (anxiety disorders, personality disorders and addictions) were also been studied through specific questions. Such recommendations are intended to substantially help the decision and therapeutic choice of clinician implied in the management of resistant depressive disorders in everyday clinical practice. We propose in this communication to compare the results of these recommendations with the various data from the evidence-based guidelines in order to demonstrate their complementarity for the management of resistant depressive disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.