About definition of the concept and essence of the criminal and executive policy of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept and essence of the criminal-executive policy of Ukraine. The article presents the views and positions of leading domestic scientists on this issue. Scientific concepts on the perception of penitentiary policy as one of the areas of domestic activities for the execution and serving of crim-inal sentences are analyzed. The focus is on the mandatory use of the term “criminal” when defining the concept of criminal enforcement policy, as it specifies the relevant vector of state activity. The etymology of this term as well as the term “punishment” is also studied and it is proved that the combination of these two terms is the most appropriate and correct when determining the relevant direction of domestic policy. The views of scholars on the perception of the essence of criminal-executive policy of the state as a set of key provisions, fundamental aspects that form the basic provisions of further implementation of domestic policy in the field of execution and serving of criminal sentences are analyzed. Additionally, the perception of the essence of penitentiary policy as a direction of development of scientific thought in the field of execution and serving of criminal punishments is analyzed. Based on the analyzed, the author’s approach to defining the concept and essence of criminal executive policy of Ukraine is proposed. The article considers the positions of scholars on the use of the definition of “policy in the field of execution of criminal penalties” as an alternative to the phrase “criminal-executive policy”. The key arguments of the authors regarding the assertion of this position are analyzed, in particular, the existence of state coercion as a mandatory element of state policy in this direction. The importance of the imperative method for settling le-gal relations in this area is emphasized. The author’s position is expressed that the mentioned definitions should be perceived as absolutely synonymous when defining the state policy in the sphere of execution and serving of criminal punishments.

Territorial community as a subject of socio-economic development of the territory

The article defines the theoretical foundations of the study of the association of territorial communities. The basic approaches to the definition of the essence of the notion of a territorial community are analyzed, and it is determined that it is considered as the primary subject of local self-government, which directly or indirectly participates in solving local issues. It is substantiated that the united territorial community is a community that is capable of providing adequate education, culture, health, social protection, housing and communal services for its inhabitants on the basis of socio-economic development. One of the problems that needs to be solved is the problem of perception of reforms by the inhabitants of the united territories. The results of the reform of local self-government on the basis of decentralization prove the correctness of the chosen vector of state policy, as it gave impetus to the formation of a viable and closest to the citizen institution of power — local self-government. Due to the reform, the living standards of the population and the development of cities, towns and villages are projected to increase, as the main task is the economic growth of united territorial communities. It is established that in order to improve the effectiveness of the reform of local self-government, it is necessary to ensure: revision and formation of a long-term plan for the association of territorial communities with maximum consideration of geographical, cultural, ethnic and other specifics of communities; information and explanatory support of the process of association of territorial communities; conducting training seminars for local government officials and the public on various aspects of reform.

Ukrainian Regional Political Elite: Formation and Transformation of Identities and Values (A Case Study of Ivano-Frankivsk Region)

The article analyzes key factors facilitating the formation of diverse identities and values of the regional political elite at the stage of the establishment of Ukrainian state, as well as identifies the direction of their future transformation, including sociocultural and mental characteristics of the society, the phenomenon of the historical memory, the level of the development of socioeconomic relations, political regime, the level of the region’s and local best class’ integration into common national political processes. The analysis of the axiological characteristics of the main groups of political elite of the region (representatives of state authorities, deputies, party functionaries, entrepreneurs) allows to confirm the existence of a consensus inside Ivano-Frankivsk regional elite regarding the priority of state independence of Ukraine, that of democracy and liberal freedom, market relations, European vector of state development, formation of the civil society. At the same time, the highly dynamic level of correcting and changing political identities and value orientations, which were, as a rule, situation driven and caused mostly by external factors, points out that the “value portrait” of Ivano-Frankivsk regional political elite remains vague and not finalized.

Digitalization as a new vector of state control development

Digital technologies are a promising tool for changing traditional approaches to planning, monitoring and evaluating results. The ability to combine information from various sources, the consolidation of various forms of information (both structured and unstructured), the introduction of pilot projects in control activities using the feedback method will allow the public administration system to solve problems even better and more effectively, with a high probability of forecasting them, which will allow a timely response to a potential threat in the future.

CHURCH DIPLOMACY AND THE VISIT OF PATRIARCH ALEXY (SIMANSKY) TO THE HOLY LAND IN 1945

Статья посвящена реконструкции истории избрания на патриарший престол, а затем организации визита в Святую Землю для посещения патриархов Православного Востока избранного патриарха Алексия (Симанского). Поездка отражала ключевой вектор государственно-церковного взаимодействия, принятый в 1943 г., - дипломатический. Советское правительство ставило перед легализованными структурами Московского Патриархата задачу расширения присутствия и влияния в международной повестке, в межцерковных связях. Первым шагом в реализации этой повестки стал масштабный визит патриарха на Православный Восток, организованный Советским правительством. Он формировал прецедент и практику дальнейших дипломатических действий Московского Патриархата на международной арене и нуждается в научной актуализации и тщательном изучении. The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the history of the election to the Patriarchal throne, and then the organization of a visit to the Holy Land for visiting patriarchs of the Orthodox East of the elected Patriarch Alexy (Simansky). The trip reflected the key vector of state-Church interaction adopted in 1943 - the diplomatic one. The Soviet government set the legalized structures of the Moscow Patriarchate the task of expanding their presence and influence on the international agenda and in inter-Church relations. The first step in implementing this agenda was a largescale visit of the Patriarch to the Orthodox East, organized by the Soviet government. It formed a precedent and practice for further diplomatic actions of the Moscow Patriarchate in the international arena and needs scientific updating and careful study.

Estimation of the Intensively Blasted Electric Arc Model Sensitivity to Selected Variables

<p>Results of measurements carried out on the fabricated experimental modular-type arc heater serve as input data for the designed simplified model of the intensively blasted electric arc burning in argon inside the cylindrical arc heater's anode channel. The axial dependence of the arc temperature and radius is expressed using the exponent, the current density on the cathode tip and the arc temperature at the end of the near-cathode boundary layer. These quantities form the vector of state variables that is sought to minimize the value of the objective function expressing the deviations between measured and computed values. On a typical example, the paper demonstrates the sensitivity of the modelling to individual state variables.</p>

Concept of Measurements and Acquisition System for Identification Process of a Synchronous Ship Generator

The process of identification of the parameters of a mathematical model of any dynamic real object necessitates performing the relevant number of measurements with the accurate precision of the quantities that characterize the current temporal state of this object (i.e. object’s vector of state). The accurate identification of the parameters of such a model is achievable only with the help of an especially designed system of acquisition and measurement. This article describes the mathematical model of ship’s synchronous generator with the presupposed simplifications, the parameters of this model and the methods of its determining. There is also presented the conception of the system of acquisition and measurement (based on CompactDAQ platform produced by National Instruments), which is indispensable for identifying the parameters of this model.

Subsidies, Endogenous Technical Efficiency and the Measurement of Productivity Growth

The impacts of program subsidy on productivity growth is investigated in this study. Mundlak's concept of endogeneity is applied to technical efficiency and generalized within a dual framework. Technology is described by an aggregate cost function while technical efficiency is conditional on a vector of state variables. Empirical evidence from the U.S. dairy sector supports the hypothesis that protectionism, in the form of program subsidy, is the source of considerable technical inefficiencies.